Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi最新文献

{"title":"[Role of aztreonam/avibactam in antibiotic therapy].","authors":"Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article reviews current options for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, including the role of aztreonam/avibactam.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 3","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological situation regarding SARS-CoV-2 in the Havlíčkův Brod region from April 2020 to September 2022].","authors":"Hana Polzerová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In early March 2020, the first cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 were confirmed in the Czech Republic. From April 2020 to the end of September 2022, more than 80,000 samples were examined in the microbiology laboratory of the Havlíčkův Brod Hospital. The article summarizes data obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The catchment area of our laboratory included the towns of Havlíčkův Brod, Chotěboř, Světlá nad Sázavou, Ledeč nad Sázavou, Humpolec, and Pelhřimov. Viral RNA was isolated from the collected samples and detected by RT-PCR. Virus variants were determined by mutation detection using two methods (RT-PCR and melting curve analysis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the examined persons belonged to the almost equally represented age groups 26-45 and 46-65 years. Two significant waves of the epidemic were recorded during the study period. The number of SARS-CoV-2-positive women and men was not statistically different, nor was there a difference in the number of hospitalized men and women; patients over 65 years of age predominated. Three variants of concern were detected: B1.1.7. (a), several sublineages of the variants B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.2.AY (δ, δ+), and several sublineages of the variant B.1.1.529.BA (ο). The variants differed in infectivity and virulence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic significantly contributed to the development of the microbiology laboratory of the Havlíčkův Brod Hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 3","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diphtheria - a 21st century zoonosis?]","authors":"Aneta Papoušková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Besides Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans can cause diphtheria in humans, and its incidence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. The source and reservoir of these infections are a wide range of domestic and wild animals, in which C. ulcerans is associated with both asymptomatic carriage and sometimes severe respiratory and skin infections. The review attempts to summarize new knowledge about the pathogenicity and epidemiology of this emergent zoonotic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 2","pages":"42-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alternative treatment options for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection - first use of lenacapavir in the Czech Republic].","authors":"Lukáš Fleischhans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this short communication we describe the phenomenon of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection, possible causes and treatment op-tions in these cases. The case report presents the successful use of a drug lenacapavir in a non-adherent patient with HIV infection trea-ted at the HIV center of the Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 2","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute respiratory failure in influenza as a cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.","authors":"Robin Šín, Dalibor Sedláček, Miroslav Kubiska","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza is an infectious disease caused by influenza A, B, and sometimes C viruses. The disease is preventable in all age groups thanks to annual seasonal vaccination. Population groups at high risk of severe illness with complications include seniors, pregnant women, and young children. As our case report shows, an unvaccinated person of working age in good health can suffer life-threatening complications with untreated influenza. The most common complications include bacterial pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiovascular problems. Up to 645,000 flu-related deaths are estimated each year.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 2","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains at the University Hospital Olomouc].","authors":"Kateřina Fišerová, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Vendula Pudová, Kristýna Hricová, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the University Hospital Olomouc (UHO) over a 10-year period (2013-2022).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data was obtained from the ENVIS LIMS laboratory information system (DS Soft, Czech Republic, Olomouc) of the Department of Microbiology, UHO, for the period 1/1/2013-31/12/2022. Standard microbiological procedures using the MALDI-TOF MS system (Biotyper Microflex, Bruker Daltonics) were applied for the identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the standard broth microdilution method according to EUCAST criteria. All Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for methicillin resistance using selective diagnostic chromogenic media (ColorexTMMRSA, TRIOS) and an immunochromatographic test for PBP2a detection (PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test, AlereTM). Positive results were confirmed by mecA gene detection. Molecular typing to determine clonality/relatedness was performed on isolates from 2022 using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MRSA at the UHO does not show an increasing trend and ranges between 3-6 %. The highest MRSA prevalence was detected in blood culture specimens (6 %), followed by lower respiratory tract specimens (5 %) and wound/abscess/aspirate specimens (5 %). The departments with the highest MRSA prevalence were the Geriatrics Department and the Second Internal Medicine Department. The antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA were as follows: erythromycin 89 %, clindamycin 86 %, ciprofloxacin 80%, tetracycline 18 %, gentamicin 13 %, cotrimoxazole 7 %, and tigecycline 1 %. Resistance to antibiotics of choice for serious MRSA infections (vancomycin, ceftaroline, linezolid) was 0-1 %. Genetic analysis of selected MRSA isolates by PFGE revealed one cluster of five, two clusters of three, and two clusters of two isolates with indistinguishable restriction profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of MRSA at the UHO remains low, therefore oxacillin or possibly combined aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin/sulbactam) or cefazolin can be relied upon for initial therapy of infections likely caused by Staphylococcus aureus.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 1","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparing standard microbiological methods for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with the automated BD MAXTM StaphSR system].","authors":"Kristýna Hricová, Vendula Pudová, Kristýna Fišerová, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is part of the human microbiota, but at the same time, it is capable of causing a wide range of diseases. Due to the ever-increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents and the existence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, there is a real possibility of carrying even this resistant bacterium, which can subsequently cause a severe infection. MRSA detection is part of microbiological examination procedures, and it is appropriate to use rapid methods for its identification, especially in high-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Clinical samples from the respiratory tract of patients from the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Medicine, and the Third Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital Olomouc were included in this study. These were processed simultaneously using standard microbiological methods and the automated BD MAXTM system, designed for qualitative detection of bacteria directly from clinical samples using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Standard microbiological methods identified S. aureus in 7 % and MRSA in 1 % of respiratory samples tested. Using the automated BD MAXTM system with the StaphSR kit, S. aureus DNA was detected in 28 % of samples and MRSA DNA in 2 % of samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct testing of clinical samples using the BD MAXTM StaphSR system can aid in the prevention and control of infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA, especially in healthcare facilities. An important advantage of this system is that the result is available on the same day that the clinical material is delivered for microbiological testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sepsis caused by Pasteurella multocida after a dog bite].","authors":"Jana Pavličíková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports a case of systemic infection caused by Pasteurella multocida. The infection was confirmed in a 79-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital after falling from a couch. The disease was manifested by the development of fever, chills, joint pain. Laboratory tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein levels, slightly elevated nitrogen metabolites, borderline leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. The pathogen was identified in a blood culture and a wound swab culture. The patient was initially treated with third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime) and later with cefuroxime. The article is supplemented with information on the etiologic agent, its history, and a literature review of documented complicated cases of pasteurellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of enzybiotics on the healing of Staphylococcus aureus-infected skin wounds in a pig model].","authors":"Peter Makovický, BřetislavMilena Lipový, Edita Jeklová, Filip Raška, Mária Makovická, Šárka Kobzová, Adam Norek, Lubomír Janda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccus capable of causing infectious diseases in animals and humans. Especially dangerous are multidrug-resistant forms with poor or even no response to available treatments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to verify the effect of enzybiotics on the healing of S. aureus-infected skin wounds in an experimental pig model.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Two pigs were included in the experiment and wounds (10/pig) of 5 × 5 cm in size with 2 cm spacing were made by incision on their backs. The wounds were infected with a methicillin (oxacillin) and amoxicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA). The experimental groups consisted of individual wounds that were infected with one sequence type of S. aureus at a concentration of 2 × 109 CFU/mL. Two wounds were left untreated (N), four wounds were using hydrogel with added lysostaphin, and four wounds were treated using hydrogel with added lysostaphin and endolysin. Subsequently, samples were taken from each wound on days 4, 7, 11, and 14. The material was processed using a standard histological technique of paraffin blocks and the sections were stained with hematoxylineosin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that these defects present a full spectrum of reparative changes with re-epithelialization with alternating sections of necrosis and newly formed granulation tissue with an accompanying round cell inflammatory infiltrate in edematous tissue and surface scabs. On the surface of the wounds and also in smaller groups in the newly formed granulation tissue, coccoid formations corresponding to S. aureus are visible. Compared to untreated wounds, hydrogel dressings with added lysostaphin or lysostaphin and endolysin trapped greater numbers of S. aureus cocci colonies, which subsequently died off to a large extent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enzybiotics may have interesting potential in the topical therapy of MRSA-infected skin wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Linezolid-resistant enterococci].","authors":"Tomáš Kraus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the work: </strong>To assess the occurrence of linezolid-resistant enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium) in patients hospitalized at the centers and clinics of the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For the period from 1. 1. 2017 to 31. 12. 2022, isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium, which were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics, were retrospectively evaluated. Microbiological data were obtained from the laboratory information system ENVIS LIMS, and clinical data from the hospital information system IKEM. Enterococci were identified using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. Susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST criteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the Vitek automated system using the P592 card. Verification of resistance to linezolid and determination of the resistance mechanism took place at the National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics of the National Institute of Public Health in Prague.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the monitored period, the sensitivity of 6900 strains of E. feacalis (67,0 %) and 3356 strains of E. faecium (33,0 %) was examined. A total of 14 linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) were identified - 5x E. faecalis (35,7 %) and 9x E. faecium (64,3 %). The most common mechanism of resistance to linezolid was the presence of the optrA gene in E. faecalis, and 23S rRNA mutation in E. faecium. The material with the largest LRE capture was urine (35,7 %) and secrets or punctates (28,6 %). Only in the species E. faecium, resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin (LVRE) occurred at the same time. Three patients (21,4 %) developed an LRE infection requiring antibiotic treatment, the remaining eleven patients (78,6 %) were colonized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion of linezolid-resistant enterococci was in the mentioned period low - 0,14 %. Linezolid therefore remains a safe therapeutic alternative for enterococcal infections when first-line drugs cannot be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"29 4","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}