Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi最新文献

{"title":"[Fosfomycin in the treatment of recurrent spondylodiscitis].","authors":"Lukáš Člunek, Pavel Dlouhý","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presented case report illustrates a complicated clinical course of recurrent spondylodiscitis in a 60-year-old patient newly diagnosed with HIV infection. Initially delayed diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms and misleading radiological findings resulted in recurrent hospitalizations complicated by pneumonia, respiratory failure, spinal epidural abscess and the need for neurosurgical intervention. Antibiotic therapy was gradually modified and lasted a total of 164 days. Ultimately, the combination of fosfomycin and flucloxacillin administered over a period of 62 days led to resolution of psoas abscesses and normalization of spinal findings on magnetic resonance imaging. This case highlights the potential of fosfomycin as part of combination therapy for difficult-to-treat or recurrent vertebral infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, particularly in patients with underlying HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 4","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Update on research and development of substances with antimicrobial potential].","authors":"Kateřina Bogdanová, Kristýna Rešová, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics have been considered miracle drugs since the widespread introduction of penicillin, an antimicrobial substance with the potential to save millions of lives. Unfortunately, their excessive use, especially in agriculture and health care, has resulted in the selection and spread of resistant bacterial strains. The accelerated occurrence of antimicrobial resistance is currently a serious global problem, regardless of the level of economic development of individual countries. For this reason, great pressure is placed on developing new substances with an antimicrobial effect or modifying existing antimicrobials. A rational antibiotic policy and antibiotic stewardship are applied to preserve the effectiveness of current antibiotics for as long as possible. The article aims to introduce the readers to some of the newly developed antimicrobial agents that have the potential for possible clinical use: lipophosphonoxins, recently developed antimicrobial agents acting on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane; silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial effect on multidrug-resistant bacteria, either in their pure form or in combination with antibiotics or photodynamically active substances; and some phytoextracts, substances of plant origin with proven antibacterial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 4","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E virus: Guidelines of the Czech Society for Infectious Diseases].","authors":"Matúš Mihalčin, Petr Husa, Petr Husa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is currently one of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis. The Czech Republic is a region with a natural occurrence of genotype 3 HEV (HEV-3). The disease caused by this genotype has specific characteristics. The predominant route of transmission is zoonotic, through undercooked meat or offal from reservoir animals. Most infections are asymptomatic. Symptomatic hepatitis E may present as acute hepatitis with non-specific symptoms of viral infection and elevated serum aminotransferase activity, or it may lead to liver failure and death. Additionally, numerous extrahepatic manifestations and the potential for chronic hepatitis development in immunocompromised patients have been described. The article provides a comprehensive summary of current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E virus infections in the context of the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 4","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Role of aztreonam/avibactam in antibiotic therapy].","authors":"Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article reviews current options for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, including the role of aztreonam/avibactam.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 3","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological situation regarding SARS-CoV-2 in the Havlíčkův Brod region from April 2020 to September 2022].","authors":"Hana Polzerová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In early March 2020, the first cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 were confirmed in the Czech Republic. From April 2020 to the end of September 2022, more than 80,000 samples were examined in the microbiology laboratory of the Havlíčkův Brod Hospital. The article summarizes data obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The catchment area of our laboratory included the towns of Havlíčkův Brod, Chotěboř, Světlá nad Sázavou, Ledeč nad Sázavou, Humpolec, and Pelhřimov. Viral RNA was isolated from the collected samples and detected by RT-PCR. Virus variants were determined by mutation detection using two methods (RT-PCR and melting curve analysis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the examined persons belonged to the almost equally represented age groups 26-45 and 46-65 years. Two significant waves of the epidemic were recorded during the study period. The number of SARS-CoV-2-positive women and men was not statistically different, nor was there a difference in the number of hospitalized men and women; patients over 65 years of age predominated. Three variants of concern were detected: B1.1.7. (a), several sublineages of the variants B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.2.AY (δ, δ+), and several sublineages of the variant B.1.1.529.BA (ο). The variants differed in infectivity and virulence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic significantly contributed to the development of the microbiology laboratory of the Havlíčkův Brod Hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 3","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diphtheria - a 21st century zoonosis?]","authors":"Aneta Papoušková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Besides Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans can cause diphtheria in humans, and its incidence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. The source and reservoir of these infections are a wide range of domestic and wild animals, in which C. ulcerans is associated with both asymptomatic carriage and sometimes severe respiratory and skin infections. The review attempts to summarize new knowledge about the pathogenicity and epidemiology of this emergent zoonotic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 2","pages":"42-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alternative treatment options for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection - first use of lenacapavir in the Czech Republic].","authors":"Lukáš Fleischhans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this short communication we describe the phenomenon of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection, possible causes and treatment op-tions in these cases. The case report presents the successful use of a drug lenacapavir in a non-adherent patient with HIV infection trea-ted at the HIV center of the Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 2","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute respiratory failure in influenza as a cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.","authors":"Robin Šín, Dalibor Sedláček, Miroslav Kubiska","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza is an infectious disease caused by influenza A, B, and sometimes C viruses. The disease is preventable in all age groups thanks to annual seasonal vaccination. Population groups at high risk of severe illness with complications include seniors, pregnant women, and young children. As our case report shows, an unvaccinated person of working age in good health can suffer life-threatening complications with untreated influenza. The most common complications include bacterial pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiovascular problems. Up to 645,000 flu-related deaths are estimated each year.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 2","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains at the University Hospital Olomouc].","authors":"Kateřina Fišerová, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Vendula Pudová, Kristýna Hricová, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the University Hospital Olomouc (UHO) over a 10-year period (2013-2022).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data was obtained from the ENVIS LIMS laboratory information system (DS Soft, Czech Republic, Olomouc) of the Department of Microbiology, UHO, for the period 1/1/2013-31/12/2022. Standard microbiological procedures using the MALDI-TOF MS system (Biotyper Microflex, Bruker Daltonics) were applied for the identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the standard broth microdilution method according to EUCAST criteria. All Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for methicillin resistance using selective diagnostic chromogenic media (ColorexTMMRSA, TRIOS) and an immunochromatographic test for PBP2a detection (PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test, AlereTM). Positive results were confirmed by mecA gene detection. Molecular typing to determine clonality/relatedness was performed on isolates from 2022 using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MRSA at the UHO does not show an increasing trend and ranges between 3-6 %. The highest MRSA prevalence was detected in blood culture specimens (6 %), followed by lower respiratory tract specimens (5 %) and wound/abscess/aspirate specimens (5 %). The departments with the highest MRSA prevalence were the Geriatrics Department and the Second Internal Medicine Department. The antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA were as follows: erythromycin 89 %, clindamycin 86 %, ciprofloxacin 80%, tetracycline 18 %, gentamicin 13 %, cotrimoxazole 7 %, and tigecycline 1 %. Resistance to antibiotics of choice for serious MRSA infections (vancomycin, ceftaroline, linezolid) was 0-1 %. Genetic analysis of selected MRSA isolates by PFGE revealed one cluster of five, two clusters of three, and two clusters of two isolates with indistinguishable restriction profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of MRSA at the UHO remains low, therefore oxacillin or possibly combined aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin/sulbactam) or cefazolin can be relied upon for initial therapy of infections likely caused by Staphylococcus aureus.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 1","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparing standard microbiological methods for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with the automated BD MAXTM StaphSR system].","authors":"Kristýna Hricová, Vendula Pudová, Kristýna Fišerová, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is part of the human microbiota, but at the same time, it is capable of causing a wide range of diseases. Due to the ever-increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents and the existence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, there is a real possibility of carrying even this resistant bacterium, which can subsequently cause a severe infection. MRSA detection is part of microbiological examination procedures, and it is appropriate to use rapid methods for its identification, especially in high-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Clinical samples from the respiratory tract of patients from the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Medicine, and the Third Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital Olomouc were included in this study. These were processed simultaneously using standard microbiological methods and the automated BD MAXTM system, designed for qualitative detection of bacteria directly from clinical samples using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Standard microbiological methods identified S. aureus in 7 % and MRSA in 1 % of respiratory samples tested. Using the automated BD MAXTM system with the StaphSR kit, S. aureus DNA was detected in 28 % of samples and MRSA DNA in 2 % of samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct testing of clinical samples using the BD MAXTM StaphSR system can aid in the prevention and control of infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA, especially in healthcare facilities. An important advantage of this system is that the result is available on the same day that the clinical material is delivered for microbiological testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"30 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}