Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi最新文献

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[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - unexpected complication in a COVID-19 patient]. [抗精神病药恶性综合征- COVID-19患者的意外并发症]。
Jiří Sagan, Martin Hýža, Tomáš Skřont, Petr Širůček
{"title":"[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - unexpected complication in a COVID-19 patient].","authors":"Jiří Sagan,&nbsp;Martin Hýža,&nbsp;Tomáš Skřont,&nbsp;Petr Širůček","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can be fatal if unrecognized and inadequately treated. This disease is rarely seen in infectious diseases wards. As infectiologists, however, we are confronted with an increasingly broader spectrum of diagnoses and this disease should therefore be considered in any patient taking psychiatric medication who develops the typical symptoms of hyperthermia, rigidity and muscle tremors, autonomic lability and impaired consciousness. A case report is presented of a young man with schizophrenia admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19, who was treated with antipsychotics (formerly known as neuroleptics) for restlessness and who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In cooperation with psychiatrists, a targeted therapy was initiated, after which the symptoms subsided and the patient's clinical condition resolved.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 3","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10739113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Updated Czech guidelines for the treatment of patients with colitis due to Clostridioides difficile]. [捷克治疗艰难梭菌引起的结肠炎的最新指南]。
Jiří Beneš, Roman Stebel, Vácav Musil, Marcela Krůtová, Jiří Vejmelka, Pavel Kohout
{"title":"[Updated Czech guidelines for the treatment of patients with colitis due to Clostridioides difficile].","authors":"Jiří Beneš,&nbsp;Roman Stebel,&nbsp;Vácav Musil,&nbsp;Marcela Krůtová,&nbsp;Jiří Vejmelka,&nbsp;Pavel Kohout","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The updated Czech guidelines differ in some aspects from the 2021 guidelines issued by the ESCMID Study Group for Clostridium difficile. The key points of these Czech recommendations may be summarized as follows: • The drug of choice for hospitalized patients is orally administered fidaxomicin or vancomycin. In outpatients with a mild first episode of C. difficile infection, metronidazole can also be used. • If the patient's response to treatment is good and there are no complications, the duration of antibiotic treatment can be reduced (e.g. to 5 days in case of fidaxomicin or to 6-7 days in case of vancomycin). • If oral therapy is impossible, the drug of choice is tigecycline, 100 mg i.v., b.i.d., with initial shortening of the interval between the first and second doses for faster saturation. If the severity of the disease progresses during this antibiotic treatment, it is necessary to access the ileum or cecum, i.e. to perform double ileostomy or percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy, and to instill vancomycin or fidaxomicin lavages. • Fulminant C. difficile colitis should be treated with oral fidaxomicin ± tigecycline i.v. If peristalsis ceases, fidaxomicin should be administered into the ileum or cecum as described above. If sepsis develops, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic (piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenem) i.v. is added to topically administered fidaxomicin instead of tigecycline i.v.; at the same time, colectomy should be considered as the last resort. • To treat first recurrence, fidaxomicin or vancomycin is administered with a subsequent fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from a healthy donor. For second or subsequent recurrence, administration of fidaxomicin is of little benefit; the therapy of choice is oral vancomycin and subsequent FMT. Prolonged vancomycin or fidaxomicin taper and pulse treatment is appropriate only when FMT cannot be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 3","pages":"77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9303293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Effect of the gut microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer and leakage of intestinal anastomoses]. [肠道菌群对结直肠癌发生及肠吻合口瘘的影响]。
Miroslav Fajfr, Jana Kučerová, Anna Jesenková
{"title":"[Effect of the gut microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer and leakage of intestinal anastomoses].","authors":"Miroslav Fajfr,&nbsp;Jana Kučerová,&nbsp;Anna Jesenková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer is a very common malignancy with high mortality. Many factors influencing both the development and subsequent treatment, such as age, gender or genetic predisposition, are not modifiable. Others, such as stress, diet, physical activity or smoking, may be prevented by each individual. The gut microbiota is an important factor involved in both the development and treatment outcomes. With the advancing study of the gut microbiota, the relationship between its composition and various diseases is better understood. The proportions of members of the phyla Firmicutes (as beneficial microbiota) and Bacteroidetes (as mostly disease-associated microbiota) seem to be particularly important. Some studies suggest that certain bacteria may contribute to postoperative anastomotic leaks that prolong hospital stays, are a burden to patients, increase costs and may be fatal. Bacteria associated with the complication are, for example, enterococci, pseudomonads or bifidobacteria. Better understanding of the pathognomonic relationship between increased detection of certain bacteria and a complication may lead to individualized therapy aimed to reduce complications during surgical management of colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 3","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9303294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Case report of fatal sepsis caused by Actinobacillus suis/equuli in an adult male]. [1例成年男性猪/马放线杆菌致致命性败血症报告]。
Petr Ježek, Lucia Mališová, Renáta Šafránková
{"title":"[Case report of fatal sepsis caused by Actinobacillus suis/equuli in an adult male].","authors":"Petr Ježek,&nbsp;Lucia Mališová,&nbsp;Renáta Šafránková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a case report of sepsis caused by the species Actinobacillus suis/equuli in a male agriculture worker that ended fatally. The article also contains information on identification and results of antibiotic susceptibility testing. This is a rare case of human infection and probably the first case of a human being infected by this species in the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 2","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Digitalization in clinical microbiology]. [临床微生物学数字化]。
Milan Kolář
{"title":"[Digitalization in clinical microbiology].","authors":"Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reflections on digitalization in clinical microbiology are presented. The advantages and limitations of digital processing of microbiological data for individuals and the human population are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 2","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pharmacological properties of colistin]. [粘菌素的药理特性]。
Jitka Rychlíčková, Vendula Kubíčková
{"title":"[Pharmacological properties of colistin].","authors":"Jitka Rychlíčková,&nbsp;Vendula Kubíčková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin is a narrow-spectrum lipopeptide antimicrobial agent used to treat nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially in critically ill patients and those with cystic fibrosis. Colistin represents a concentration-time-dependent antibiotic with highly variable pharmacokinetics related to the heterogeneity of the target population and the necessity of bioactivation. Colistin is administered as the inactive prodrug colistimethate sodium. Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity are the most frequent adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 2","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10420315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Poultry as a reservoir of zoonotic strains of Escherichia coli]. [家禽是大肠杆菌人畜共患菌株的储存库]。
Aneta Papoušková
{"title":"[Poultry as a reservoir of zoonotic strains of Escherichia coli].","authors":"Aneta Papoušková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry and poultry products are considered a potentially significant source of resistant E. coli strains and their determinants encoded by mobile genetic elements, such as genes for ESBL/AmpC beta-lactamases. Poultry also hosts extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains (ExPEC). The similarity of poultry avian pathogenic E. coli to human strains has led to the inclusion of ExPEC among bacteria with zoonotic potential. However, population diversity of E. coli pathotypes, host specificity and circulation of diverse strains and genetic determinants between populations are rather complex and the aforementioned risks cannot be addressed separately.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 2","pages":"42-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Can a difficult-to-treat resistance approach improve cooperation between microbiologists and clinicians?] 难以治疗的耐药方法能改善微生物学家和临床医生之间的合作吗?]
Gabriela Kroneislová, Jan Závora, Váslava Adámková
{"title":"[Can a difficult-to-treat resistance approach improve cooperation between microbiologists and clinicians?]","authors":"Gabriela Kroneislová,&nbsp;Jan Závora,&nbsp;Váslava Adámková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We introduce a relatively new difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) category to specialists. It significantly influences the predictability of morbidity and mortality in patients with invasive infections caused by DTR strains. Therefore, surveillance of DTR is an important tool of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and widely contributes to cooperation between microbiologists and clinicians. We also report the prevalence of strains meeting the criteria for the category in a teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort single center study included invasive isolates of gram-negative rods from patients hospitalized in the General University Hospital in Prague in 2009-2013 and in 2017-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 1 732 (920 and 812, respectively) unique strains of gram-negative rods isolated from blood cultures in both periods, 6.6 % were carbapenem-resistant in 2009-2013 and 6.0 % in 2017-2021; 3.7 % were identified as DTR in both periods. Most of the DTR strains were A. baumannii (23.1 % and 45.0 %, respectively) and P. aeruginosa (22.2 % and 15.3 %, respectively). We identified no carbapenem-resistant E. coli and therefore no DTR E. coli.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infections caused by bacterial strains with a DTR phenotype are grave complications and are tricky to manage. The prevalence of severe infections caused by these strains was relatively low in the studied facility. Antibiotics with anti-DTR effects should be considered the last resort, so it is very important to comply with AMS rules and examine the susceptibility of these agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 2","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10420316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance]. [COVID-19大流行对抗菌素耐药性的影响]。
Kateřina Fišerová, Lenka Doubravská, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Milan Kolář
{"title":"[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance].","authors":"Kateřina Fišerová,&nbsp;Lenka Doubravská,&nbsp;Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková,&nbsp;Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the healthcare system, which has been forced to manage large numbers of patients, including those with respiratory insufficiency and in need of oxygen therapy. Due to concerns about bacterial co-infection, antibiotic therapy was administered to many patients. The aim of the present study was to compare antimicrobial resistance in intensive care patients in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Patients hospitalized at the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine of the University Hospital Olomouc in the pre-COVID-19 period (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021) were enrolled in the study. Clinical samples from the lower respiratory tract were routinely collected twice a week, with one strain of a given species first isolated from each patient being included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While several bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae) were found to occur less frequently, an increased occurrence was documented for Enterococcus faecium, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella variicola. Overall, however, it can be concluded that there was no major change in the frequency of bacterial pathogens isolated from the lower respiratory tract during the COVID-19 period. Similarly, with only a few exceptions, antimicrobial resistance did not change significantly. More significant increases in resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin have been demonstrated for Serratia marcescens. However, a decrease in the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex to meropenem was also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no significant change in the frequency of bacterial pathogens and their resistance to antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was an increase or decrease in the percentage of some species and in their resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 2","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Trichomonas vaginalis - the culprit or the accomplice?] 阴道毛滴虫——罪魁祸首还是帮凶?]
Petra Myšková, Petra Kubáčková, Petr Janků
{"title":"[Trichomonas vaginalis - the culprit or the accomplice?]","authors":"Petra Myšková,&nbsp;Petra Kubáčková,&nbsp;Petr Janků","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The case reports describes detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in a 34-year-old patient with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and a subsequent C-section in week 25 of her pregnancy, with the presence of T. vaginalis not being the only risk factor for preterm labor. Although a rare finding in pregnant women, the presence of this microorganism must be considered in such situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"28 1","pages":"25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40387380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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