Jacob M. Stillman, Tsuyoshi Kiniwa, Dorothy P. Schafer
{"title":"Nucleic acid sensing in the central nervous system: Implications for neural circuit development, function, and degeneration","authors":"Jacob M. Stillman, Tsuyoshi Kiniwa, Dorothy P. Schafer","doi":"10.1111/imr.13420","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13420","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nucleic acids are a critical trigger for the innate immune response to infection, wherein pathogen-derived RNA and DNA are sensed by nucleic acid sensing receptors. This subsequently drives the production of type I interferon and other inflammatory cytokines to combat infection. While the system is designed such that these receptors should specifically recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acids, it is now clear that self-derived RNA and DNA can also stimulate these receptors to cause aberrant inflammation and autoimmune disease. Intriguingly, similar pathways are now emerging in the central nervous system in neurons and glial cells. As in the periphery, these signaling pathways are active in neurons and glia to present the spread of pathogens in the CNS. They further appear to be active even under steady conditions to regulate neuronal development and function, and they can become activated aberrantly during disease to propagate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the emerging new roles for nucleic acid sensing mechanisms in the CNS and raise open questions that we are poised to explore in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"327 1","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life-threatening antibodies: The discovery of anaphylaxis","authors":"Marc Daëron, Birgitta Heyman, Anne Marie Moulin","doi":"10.1111/imr.13415","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was at the turn of the 20th century, that immune serum was found both to save children dying from toxins of deadly pathogens, and to kill a dog within minutes following an injection of harmless doses of sea anemone toxins. This means that, before being formally identified in immune serum, antibodies were already known to be both protective and pathogenic. For this provocative finding, Charles Richet was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Because, as its name said, anaphylaxis was understood as “the contrary of protection,” unique mechanisms were found to explain it. Because, as its name did not initially say but finally said, allergy was understood as a reaction “other” than immunity, its symptoms were explained by mechanisms similar to those that explained anaphylaxis. We examined here the intricate relationships between anaphylaxis, allergy and immunity. Progressively anaphylaxis became one among other pathological effects of an immune response, and allergy an inflammatory disease among others. Looking at antibodies back in the past enables us not only to learn where they come from, but also to follow trends that contributed to shape immunology, some of which may persist in today's immunological thinking and say something about the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"328 1","pages":"24-38"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CNS macrophage contributions to myelin health","authors":"Alana Hoffmann, Veronique E. Miron","doi":"10.1111/imr.13416","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13416","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myelin is the membrane surrounding neuronal axons in the central nervous system (CNS), produced by oligodendrocytes to provide insulation for electrical impulse conduction and trophic/metabolic support. CNS dysfunction occurs following poor development of myelin in infancy, myelin damage in neurological diseases, and impaired regeneration of myelin with disease progression in aging. The lack of approved therapies aimed at supporting myelin health highlights the critical need to identify the cellular and molecular influences on oligodendrocytes. CNS macrophages have been shown to influence the development, maintenance, damage and regeneration of myelin, revealing critical interactions with oligodendrocyte lineage cells. CNS macrophages are comprised of distinct populations, including CNS-resident microglia and cells associated with CNS border regions (the meninges, vasculature, and choroid plexus), in addition to macrophages derived from monocytes infiltrating from the blood. Importantly, the distinct contribution of these macrophage populations to oligodendrocyte lineage responses and myelin health are only just beginning to be uncovered, with the advent of new tools to specifically identify, track, and target macrophage subsets. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the roles of CNS macrophages in myelin health, and recent developments in distinguishing the roles of macrophage populations in development, homeostasis, and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"327 1","pages":"53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus J. Hofer, Nicholson Modesti, Nicole G. Coufal, Qingde Wang, Sunetra Sase, Jonathan J. Miner, Adeline Vanderver, Mariko L. Bennett
{"title":"The prototypical interferonopathy: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome from bedside to bench","authors":"Markus J. Hofer, Nicholson Modesti, Nicole G. Coufal, Qingde Wang, Sunetra Sase, Jonathan J. Miner, Adeline Vanderver, Mariko L. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/imr.13413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a progressive genetic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic mutations in genes controlling cellular anti-viral responses and nucleic acid metabolism. The mutations initiate autoinflammatory processes in the brain and systemically that are triggered by chronic overproduction of type I interferon (IFN), including IFN-alpha. Emerging disease-directed therapies aim to dampen autoinflammation and block cellular responses to IFN production, creating an urgent and unmet need to understand better which cells, compartments, and mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight existing pre-clinical models of AGS and our current understanding of how causative genetic mutations promote disease in AGS, to promote new model development and a continued focus on improving and directing future therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"327 1","pages":"83-99"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of neuroinflammation on neuronal integrity","authors":"Bora Tastan, Michael T. Heneka","doi":"10.1111/imr.13419","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13419","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuroinflammation, characterized by a complex interplay among innate and adaptive immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), is crucial in responding to infections, injuries, and disease pathologies. However, the dysregulation of the neuroinflammatory response could significantly affect neurons in terms of function and structure, leading to profound health implications. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the relationship between neuroinflammatory processes and alterations in neuronal integrity, the specific implications concerning both structure and function have not been extensively covered, with the exception of perspectives on glial activation and neurodegeneration. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted interactions among neurons and key inflammatory players, exploring mechanisms through which inflammation influences neuronal functionality and structural integrity in the CNS. Further, it will discuss how these inflammatory mechanisms lead to impairment in neuronal functions and architecture and highlight the consequences caused by dysregulated neuronal functions, such as cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. By integrating insights from recent research findings, this review will enhance our understanding of the neuroinflammatory landscape and set the stage for future interventions that could transform current approaches to preserve neuronal integrity and function in CNS-related inflammatory conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"327 1","pages":"8-32"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current insights into apolipoprotein E and the immune response in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Peter Bor-Chian Lin, David M. Holtzman","doi":"10.1111/imr.13414","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13414","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Genetic analyses identified apolipoprotein E (<i>APOE</i>) as the strongest genetic risk for late-onset AD. Studies have shown that ApoE modulates AD pathogenesis in part by influencing amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. However, ApoE also appears to regulate elements of AD via regulation of innate immune response, especially through microglial and astrocyte activation. In model systems, it also regulates changes in T-cells. This review focuses on the key findings that have advanced our understanding of the role of ApoE in the pathogenesis of AD and the current view of innate immune response regulated by ApoE in AD, while discussing open questions and areas for future research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"327 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gut microbiome-derived metabolites in Alzheimer's disease: Regulation of immunity and potential for therapeutics","authors":"Sidhanth Chandra, Robert J. Vassar","doi":"10.1111/imr.13412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and cause of dementia. Despite the prevalence of AD, there is a lack of effective disease modifying therapies. Recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) may play a role in AD through its regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Gut microbes regulate physiology through their production of metabolites and byproducts. Microbial metabolites may be beneficial or detrimental to the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the role GMB-derived metabolites play in AD may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, we summarize the function of bioactive GMB-derived metabolites and byproducts and their roles in AD models. We also call for more focus on this area in the gut–brain axis field in order to create effective therapies for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"327 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibodies in breast milk: Pro-bodies designed for healthy newborn development","authors":"Valerie Verhasselt, Julie Tellier, Rita Carsetti, Burcu Tepekule","doi":"10.1111/imr.13411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This manuscript sheds light on the impact of maternal breast milk antibodies on infant health. Milk antibodies prepare and protect the newborn against environmental exposure, guide and regulate the offspring's immune system, and promote transgenerational adaptation of the immune system to its environment. While the transfer of IgG across the placenta ceases at birth, milk antibodies are continuously replenished by the maternal immune system. They reflect the mother's real-time adaptation to the environment to which the infant is exposed. They cover the infant's upper respiratory and digestive mucosa and are perfectly positioned to control responses to environmental antigens and might also reach their circulation. Maternal antibodies in breast milk play a key role in the immune defense of the developing child, with a major impact on infectious disease susceptibility in both HIC and LMIC. They also influence the development of another major health burden in children—allergies. Finally, emerging evidence shows that milk antibodies also actively shape immune development. Much of this is likely to be mediated by their effect on the seeding, composition and function of the microbiota, but not only. Further understanding of the bridge that maternal antibodies provide between the child and its environment should enable the best interventions to promote healthy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"328 1","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comprehensive review of sensors of radiation-induced damage, radiation-induced proximal events, and cell death","authors":"Saurabh Saini, Prajwal Gurung","doi":"10.1111/imr.13409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation, a universal component of Earth's environment, is categorized into non-ionizing and ionizing forms. While non-ionizing radiation is relatively harmless, ionizing radiation possesses sufficient energy to ionize atoms and disrupt DNA, leading to cell damage, mutation, cancer, and cell death. The extensive use of radionuclides and ionizing radiation in nuclear technology and medical applications has sparked global concern for their capacity to cause acute and chronic illnesses. Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage either directly through strand breaks and base change or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) via radiolysis of water. This damage triggers a complex cellular response involving recognition of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair mechanisms, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell death. This review focuses on the mechanisms of radiation-induced cellular damage, recognition of DNA damage and subsequent activation of repair processes, and the critical role of the innate immune response in resolution of the injury. Emphasis is placed on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and related receptors that detect damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways. Radiation-induced cell death pathways are discussed in detail. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of radiation and improve therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"329 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suman Gupta, Suzanne L. Cassel, Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
{"title":"Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by autophagy and mitophagy","authors":"Suman Gupta, Suzanne L. Cassel, Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj","doi":"10.1111/imr.13410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that upon activation by the innate immune system drives a broad inflammatory response. The primary initial mediators of this response are pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, both of which are in an inactive form. Formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 and triggers the formation of gasdermin D pores. Gasdermin D pores allow for the secretion of active IL-1β and IL-18 initiating the organism-wide inflammatory response. The NLRP3 inflammasome response can be beneficial to the host; however, if the NLRP3 inflammasome is inappropriately activated it can lead to significant pathology. While the primary components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are known, the precise details of assembly and activation are less well defined and conflicting. Here, we discuss several of the proposed pathways of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We examine the role of subcellular localization and the reciprocal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by autophagy. We focus on the roles of mitochondria and mitophagy in activating and regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we detail the impact of pathologic NLRP3 responses in the development and manifestations of pulmonary disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"329 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}