Marie Dominique Ah Kioon, Paôline Laurent, Vidyanath Chaudhary, Yong Du, Mary K. Crow, Franck J. Barrat
{"title":"Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells response in inflammation and autoimmunity","authors":"Marie Dominique Ah Kioon, Paôline Laurent, Vidyanath Chaudhary, Yong Du, Mary K. Crow, Franck J. Barrat","doi":"10.1111/imr.13331","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13331","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the subsequent recognition that endogenous nucleic acids (NAs) could serve as TLR ligands have led to essential insights into mechanisms of healthy immune responses as well as pathogenic mechanisms relevant to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, NA-containing immune complexes serve as TLR ligands, with distinct implications depending on the additional immune stimuli available. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the robust producers of type I interferon (IFN-I), are providing critical insights relevant to TLR-mediated healthy immune responses and tissue repair, as well as generation of inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis, processes central to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe recent data characterizing the role of platelets and NA-binding chemokines in modulation of TLR signaling in pDCs, as well as implications for how the IFN-I products of pDCs contribute to the generation of inflammation and wound healing responses by monocyte/macrophages. Chemokine modulators of TLR-mediated B cell tolerance mechanisms and interactions between TLR signaling and metabolic pathways are also considered. The modulators of TLR signaling and their contribution to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases suggest new opportunities for identification of novel therapeutic targets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"241-256"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Vuscan, Brenda Kischkel, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea
{"title":"Trained immunity: General and emerging concepts","authors":"Patricia Vuscan, Brenda Kischkel, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea","doi":"10.1111/imr.13326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non-specific protection against pathogens, innate immune cells can acquire antigen-agnostic memory, exhibiting increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation. This long-term de-facto innate immune memory, also termed <i>trained immunity</i>, is mediated through extensive metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications. While the upregulation of trained immunity proves advantageous in countering immune paralysis, its overactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we present the latest advancements in the field of innate immune memory followed by a description of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning trained immunity generation and different cell types that mediate it. Furthermore, we explore its implications for various diseases and examine current limitations and its potential therapeutic targeting in immune-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"164-185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew J. Konecny, Yin Huang, Manu Setty, Martin Prlic
{"title":"Signals that control MAIT cell function in healthy and inflamed human tissues","authors":"Andrew J. Konecny, Yin Huang, Manu Setty, Martin Prlic","doi":"10.1111/imr.13325","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have a semi-invariant T-cell receptor that allows recognition of antigen in the context of the MHC class I-related (MR1) protein. Metabolic intermediates of the riboflavin synthesis pathway have been identified as MR1-restricted antigens with agonist properties. As riboflavin synthesis occurs in many bacterial species, but not human cells, it has been proposed that the main purpose of MAIT cells is antibacterial surveillance and protection. The majority of human MAIT cells secrete interferon-gamma (IFNg) upon activation, while some MAIT cells in tissues can also express IL-17. Given that MAIT cells are present in human barrier tissues colonized by a microbiome, MAIT cells must somehow be able to distinguish colonization from infection to ensure effector functions are only elicited when necessary. Importantly, MAIT cells have additional functional properties, including the potential to contribute to restoring tissue homeostasis by expression of CTLA-4 and secretion of the cytokine IL-22. A recent study provided compelling data indicating that the range of human MAIT cell functional properties is explained by plasticity rather than distinct lineages. This further underscores the necessity to better understand how different signals regulate MAIT cell function. In this review, we highlight what is known in regards to activating and inhibitory signals for MAIT cells with a specific focus on signals relevant to healthy and inflamed tissues. We consider the quantity, quality, and the temporal order of these signals on MAIT cell function and discuss the current limitations of computational tools to extrapolate which signals are received by MAIT cells in human tissues. Using lessons learned from conventional CD8 T cells, we also discuss how TCR signals may integrate with cytokine signals in MAIT cells to elicit distinct functional states.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"138-149"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/imr.13320","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numata M, Kandasamy P, Voelker DR. The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. <i>Immunol Rev</i>. 2023; 317: 166–186. doi:10.1111/imr.13207</p><p>In the article, the second paragraph was inadvertently added to Summary section and should have been removed.</p><p>The Summary reads:</p><p>The minor anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids, POPG and PI, exhibit anti-inflammatory effects as antagonists for multiple TLRs. These lipids also have strong efficacies as antivirals against multiple respiratory RNA-enveloped viruses such as RSV, IAVs, and SARS-CoV-2. PI also has a potent effect against non-enveloped virus (human rhinovirus A). These lipids also have very strong potential to be applied as anti-inflammatory compounds for acute lung injury, induced by cytokine storms, including severe COVID-19.</p><p>We determined the antiviral efficacy of POPG against five clinical isolates of RSV (designated by GenBank accession numbers) and recombinant strains of RSV (rA2-A2F, rA2-19F, and rA2 Long F) in comparison with RSV-A2.<sup>12</sup> The titer of each strain is shown as PFU/mL, and the efficacies of POPG and POPC (200 μg/mL) on each strain are stated as the viral titers by plaque assays. Data are shown as means ± SD from two independent experiments.</p><p>The Summary should read:</p><p>The minor anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids, POPG and PI, exhibit anti-inflammatory effects as antagonists for multiple TLRs. These lipids also have strong efficacies as antivirals against multiple respiratory RNA-enveloped viruses such as RSV, IAVs, and SARS-CoV-2. PI also has a potent effect against non-enveloped virus (human rhinovirus A). These lipids also have very strong potential to be applied as anti-inflammatory compounds for acute lung injury, induced by cytokine storms, including severe COVID-19.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New insights into ILC2 memory","authors":"Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez, Fumio Takei","doi":"10.1111/imr.13323","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) are innate lymphocytes involved in type 2 immunity. ILC2s are abundant at the barrier tissues and upon allergen exposure, respond to epithelial-derived alarmins by producing type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5 and IL-13). Upon activation, some of these activated ILC2s acquire immunological memory and can mount enhanced responses upon further allergen encounters. Here, we review recent findings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying immune memory in ILC2s both in mice and humans and discuss the implications of memory ILC2s in the context of allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of natural killer cell clonality","authors":"Timo Rückert, Chiara Romagnani","doi":"10.1111/imr.13324","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clonal expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes is the fundamental mechanism enabling potent adaptive immune responses and the generation of immune memory. Accompanied by pronounced epigenetic remodeling, the massive proliferation of individual cells generates a critical mass of effectors for the control of acute infections, as well as a pool of memory cells protecting against future pathogen encounters. Classically associated with the adaptive immune system, recent work has demonstrated that innate immune memory to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is stably maintained as large clonal expansions of natural killer (NK) cells, raising questions on the mechanisms for clonal selection and expansion in the absence of re-arranged antigen receptors. Here, we discuss clonal NK cell memory in the context of the mechanisms underlying clonal competition of adaptive lymphocytes and propose alternative selection mechanisms that might decide on the clonal success of their innate counterparts. We propose that the integration of external cues with cell-intrinsic sources of heterogeneity, such as variegated receptor expression, transcriptional states, and somatic variants, compose a bottleneck for clonal selection, contributing to the large size of memory NK cell clones.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"80-106"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Zhang, Albert M. Li, Emily R. Kansler, Ming O. Li
{"title":"Cancer immunity by tissue-resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells and killer innate-like T cells","authors":"Jing Zhang, Albert M. Li, Emily R. Kansler, Ming O. Li","doi":"10.1111/imr.13319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer progression can be restrained by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a process termed cancer immunosurveillance. Based on how lymphocytes are activated and recruited to the tumor tissue, cancer immunity is either pre-wired, in which innate lymphocytes and innate-like T cells are directly recruited to and activated in tumors following their differentiation in primary lymphoid organs; or priming-dependent, in which conventional adaptive T cells are first primed by cognate antigens in secondary lymphoid organs before homing to and reactivated in tumors. While priming-dependent cancer immunity has been a focus of cancer immunology research for decades, in part due to historical preconception of cancer theory and tumor model choice as well as clinical success of conventional adaptive T cell-directed therapeutic programs, recent studies have revealed that pre-wired cancer immunity mediated by tissue-resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and killer innate-like T cells (ILTCKs) is an integral component of the cancer immunosurveillance process. Herein we review the distinct ontogenies and cancer-sensing mechanisms of ILC1s and ILTCKs in murine genetic cancer models as well as the conspicuously conserved responses in human malignancies. How ILC1s and ILTCKs may be targeted to broaden the scope of cancer immunotherapy beyond conventional adaptive T cells is also discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"150-163"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early life imprinting of intestinal immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis","authors":"Yoselin A. Paucar Iza, Chrysothemis C. Brown","doi":"10.1111/imr.13321","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13321","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Besides its canonical role in protecting the host from pathogens, the immune system plays an arguably equally important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within barrier tissues that interface with the external microenvironment, induction of immune tolerance to innocuous antigens, such as commensal, dietary, and environmental antigens, is key to establishing immune homeostasis. The early postnatal period represents a critical window of opportunity in which parallel development of the tissue, immune cells, and microbiota allows for reciprocal regulation that shapes the long-term immunological tone of the tissue and subsequent risk of immune-mediated diseases. During early infancy, the immune system appears to sacrifice pro-inflammatory functions, prioritizing the establishment of tissue tolerance. In this review, we discuss mechanisms underlying early life windows for intestinal tolerance with a focus on newly identified RORγt<sup>+</sup> antigen-presenting cells–Thetis cells–and highlight the role of the intestinal microenvironment in shaping intestinal immune system development and tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"303-315"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebekka Scholz, Desirée Brösamle, Xidi Yuan, Marc Beyer, Jonas J. Neher
{"title":"Epigenetic control of microglial immune responses","authors":"Rebekka Scholz, Desirée Brösamle, Xidi Yuan, Marc Beyer, Jonas J. Neher","doi":"10.1111/imr.13317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microglia, the major population of brain-resident macrophages, are now recognized as a heterogeneous population comprising several cell subtypes with different (so far mostly supposed) functions in health and disease. A number of studies have performed molecular characterization of these different microglial activation states over the last years making use of “omics” technologies, that is transcriptomics, proteomics and, less frequently, epigenomics profiling. These approaches offer the possibility to identify disease mechanisms, discover novel diagnostic biomarkers, and develop new therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on epigenetic profiling as a means to understand microglial immune responses beyond what other omics methods can offer, that is, revealing past and present molecular responses, gene regulatory networks and potential future response trajectories, and defining cell subtype-specific disease relevance through mapping non-coding genetic variants. We review the current knowledge in the field regarding epigenetic regulation of microglial identity and function, provide an exemplary analysis that demonstrates the advantages of performing joint transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of single microglial cells and discuss how comprehensive epigenetic analyses may enhance our understanding of microglial pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"209-226"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: A trained Gutkeeper","authors":"Nicolas Serafini, James P. Di Santo","doi":"10.1111/imr.13322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imr.13322","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are tissue-resident immune lymphocytes that critically regulate intestinal homeostasis, organogenesis, and immunity. ILC3s possess the capacity to “sense” the inflammatory environment within tissues, especially in the context of pathogen challenges that imprints durable non-antigen-specific changes in ILC3 function. As such, ILC3s become a new actor in the emerging field of trained innate immunity. Here, we summarize recent discoveries regarding ILC3 responses to bacterial challenges and the role these encounters play in triggering trained innate immunity. We further discuss how signaling events throughout ILC3 ontogeny potentially control the development and function of trained ILC3s. Finally, we highlight the open questions surrounding ILC3 “training” the answers to which may reveal new insights into innate immunity. Understanding the fundamental concepts behind trained innate immunity could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for improving immunity-based modulation therapies for inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"323 1","pages":"126-137"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}