Immunological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Human fetal T cells: Insights into developmental specialization and mechanisms of lineage transition","authors":"Trevor D. Burt,&nbsp;Joseph M. McCune","doi":"10.1111/imr.13195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The switch from primitive to definitive hematopoiesis occurs early in development through the emergence of a wave of definitive hematopoietic stem cells from intraembryonic sites, supplanting the original primitive population of extraembryonically derived stem cells. When it became clear that unique features of the fetal immune system could not be reproduced by adult stem cells, it was hypothesized that a lineage of definitive fetal hematopoietic stem cells predominates antenatally, ultimately giving way to an emerging wave of adult stem cells and resulting in a “layered” fetal immune system consisting of overlapping lineages. It is now clear, however, that the transition from human fetal-to-adult T cell identity and function does not occur due to a binary switch between distinct fetal and adult lineages. Rather, recent evidence from single cell analysis suggests that during the latter half of fetal development a gradual, progressive transition occurs at the level of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) which is reflected in their T cell progeny. At a transcriptional level, clusters of genes are up- and down-regulated with sequenced timing, suggesting that the transition is under the control of master regulatory factors, including epigenetic modifiers. The net effect is still one of “molecular layering,” that is, the continuous layering of iterative generations of HSPCs and T cells that arise through progressive changes in gene expression. This review will focus on recent discoveries that elucidate mechanisms of fetal T cell function and the transition from fetal to adult identity. The epigenetic landscape of fetal T cells facilitates their ability to fulfill the dominant fetal mandate of generating tolerance against self, maternal, and environmental antigens by supporting their predisposition to differentiate into CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells (T_Regs). We will explore how the coordinated development of two complementary populations of fetal T cells—conventional T cells dominated by T_Regs and tissue-associated memory effector cells with innate-like inflammatory potential—is crucial not only for maintaining intrauterine immune quiescence but also for facilitating an immune response that is appropriately tuned for the bombardment of antigen stimulation that happens at birth.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"315 1","pages":"126-153"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5806189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layered immune system development in mice and humans","authors":"Kenneth Dorshkind,&nbsp;Gay Crooks","doi":"10.1111/imr.13198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13198","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;It is fitting to begin the introduction to this volume of &lt;i&gt;Immunological Reviews&lt;/i&gt; by discussing a 1986 review in this journal from Herzenberg and colleagues which introduced the concept of layered immune system development.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; That contribution summarized functional differences between conventional B cells, which participate in adaptive immune responses and constitute the majority of B lymphocytes in mouse tissues, and a minor population of Ly-1 B cells that are innate-like effectors. Ly-1 B cells are now referred to as B-1 B cells while conventional B cells are designated as B-2 B cells. Based on data showing that neonatal bone marrow cells reconstituted B-1 B cells in irradiated recipients but adult bone marrow could not do so, B-1 and B-2 B cells were proposed to be distinct developmental lineages. This view was later reinforced by data from Hardy and Hayakawa, who discovered B-1 B cells in Leonore Herzenberg's laboratory,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; showing that fetal liver pro-B cells could reconstitute cells with a B-1 B cell phenotype in immunodeficient mice while adult bone marrow cells failed to do so.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The developmental distinctions between B-1 and B-2 B cells were the basis for a now widely cited 1989 commentary in &lt;i&gt;Cell&lt;/i&gt; by Leonore and Leonard Herzenberg in which they presented the basic tenets of layered immune system development.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Their &lt;i&gt;layered immune system hypothesis&lt;/i&gt; proposed that the various types of lymphocytes that constitute the adult immune system developed in waves from distinct progenitors that emerged at different times during development. B-1 B cells emerged in the first, most primitive wave of development along with fetal erythrocytes and selected γδ T cells. A subsequent wave produced the so-called Ly-1 B sister population. The B-1 B cells in these two waves would now be referred to as B-1a and B-1b B cells which are known to function differently.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5-7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; A third wave generated conventional B and T cells from self-replenishing progenitors in postnatal bone marrow throughout life. Studies conducted over the past 30 years have validated many aspects of the layered immune system hypothesis and suggested that the layering of immune system development is more extensive than initially envisioned by the Herzenbergs. The contributions that form this edition of &lt;i&gt;Immunological Reviews&lt;/i&gt; provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence for developmental layering of many if not all lineages of the innate and adaptive immune system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is no general consensus regarding the number of waves of immune and hematopoietic system development that occur in the fetus and adult. However, the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lymphoid and myeloid progenitors in mice can be considered in the context of three broad developmental windows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;1. Pre HSC hematopoiesis&lt;/i&gt;: It has been recognized for decade","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"315 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6023869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells","authors":"Shicheng Sun,&nbsp;Kevin Wijanarko,&nbsp;Oniko Liani,&nbsp;Kathleen Strumila,&nbsp;Elizabeth S. Ng,&nbsp;Andrew G. Elefanty,&nbsp;Edouard G. Stanley","doi":"10.1111/imr.13197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA-sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell-based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non-HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"315 1","pages":"154-170"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5734430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple waves of fetal-derived immune cells constitute adult immune system","authors":"Michihiro Kobayashi,&nbsp;Momoko Yoshimoto","doi":"10.1111/imr.13192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has been over three decades since Drs. Herzenberg and Herzenberg proposed the layered immune system hypothesis, suggesting that different types of stem cells with distinct hematopoietic potential produce specific immune cells. This layering of immune system development is now supported by recent studies showing the presence of fetal-derived immune cells that function in adults. It has been shown that various immune cells arise at different embryonic ages via multiple waves of hematopoiesis from special endothelial cells (ECs), referred to as hemogenic ECs. However, it remains unknown whether these fetal-derived immune cells are produced by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during the fetal to neonatal period. To address this question, many advanced tools have been used, including lineage-tracing mouse models, cellular barcoding techniques, clonal assays, and transplantation assays at the single-cell level. In this review, we will review the history of the search for the origins of HSCs, B-1a progenitors, and mast cells in the mouse embryo. HSCs can produce both B-1a and mast cells within a very limited time window, and this ability declines after embryonic day (E) 14.5. Furthermore, the latest data have revealed that HSC-independent adaptive immune cells exist in adult mice, which implies more complicated developmental pathways of immune cells. We propose revised road maps of immune cell development.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"315 1","pages":"11-30"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5703032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR35 and mediators from platelets and mast cells in neutrophil migration and inflammation","authors":"Marco De?Giovanni,&nbsp;Hongwen Chen,&nbsp;Xiaochun Li,&nbsp;Jason G. Cyster","doi":"10.1111/imr.13194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neutrophil recruitment from circulation to sites of inflammation is guided by multiple chemoattractant cues emanating from tissue cells, immune cells, and platelets. Here, we focus on the function of one G-protein coupled receptor, GPR35, in neutrophil recruitment. GPR35 has been challenging to study due the description of multiple ligands and G-protein couplings. Recently, we found that GPR35-expressing hematopoietic cells respond to the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). We discuss distinct response profiles of GPR35 to 5-HIAA compared to other ligands. To place the functions of 5-HIAA in context, we summarize the actions of serotonin in vascular biology and leukocyte recruitment. Important sources of serotonin and 5-HIAA are platelets and mast cells. We discuss the dynamics of cell migration into inflamed tissues and how multiple platelet and mast cell-derived mediators, including 5-HIAA, cooperate to promote neutrophil recruitment. Additional actions of GPR35 in tissue physiology are reviewed. Finally, we discuss how clinically approved drugs that modulate serotonin uptake and metabolism may influence 5-HIAA-GPR35 function, and we speculate about broader influences of the GPR35 ligand-receptor system in immunity and disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"317 1","pages":"187-202"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5688600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 as potential therapeutic targets","authors":"Takehiko Yokomizo,&nbsp;Takao Shimizu","doi":"10.1111/imr.13196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) was recognized as an arachidonate-derived chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and an important drug target even before the molecular identification of its receptors. We cloned the high- and low-affinity LTB₄ receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, respectively, and examined their functions by generating and studying gene-targeted mice. BLT1 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immune diseases, including asthma, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Meanwhile, BLT2 is a high-affinity receptor for 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, which is involved in the maintenance of dermal and intestinal barrier function, and the acceleration of skin and corneal wound healing. Thus, BLT1 antagonists and BLT2 agonists are promising candidates in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"317 1","pages":"30-41"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5836921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembling the layers of the hematopoietic system: A window of opportunity for thymopoiesis in the embryo","authors":"Francisca Soares-da-Silva,&nbsp;Ramy Elsaid,&nbsp;Marcia Mesquita Peixoto,&nbsp;Gon?alo Nogueira,&nbsp;Pablo Pereira,&nbsp;Antonio Bandeira,&nbsp;Ana Cumano","doi":"10.1111/imr.13187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During embryonic development, several independent generations of hematopoietic cells were identified. They occur in the yolk sac and the intra-embryonic major arteries, in a narrow window of development. They arise sequentially, starting with primitive erythrocytes in the yolk sac blood islands, progressing to less differentiated erythromyeloid progenitors still in the yolk sac, and culminating with multipotent progenitors, some of which will generate the adult hematopoietic stem cell compartment. All these cells contribute to the formation of a layered hematopoietic system that reflects adaptative strategies to the fetal environment and the embryo's needs. It is mostly composed, at these stages, of erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages both of yolk sac origin, the latter persisting throughout life. We propose that subsets of lymphocytes of embryonic origin derive from a different intra-embryonic generation of multipotent cells occurring before the emergence of hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. These multipotent cells have a limited lifespan and generate cells that provide basic protection against pathogens before the adaptive immune system is functional, contribute to tissue development and homeostasis, and shape the establishment of a functional thymus. Understanding the properties of these cells will impact the understanding of childhood leukemia and of adult autoimmune pathology and thymic involution.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"315 1","pages":"54-70"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6073982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1759-7714.14495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.14495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43566306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the roles of prostanoids, leukotriens, and dietary fatty acids in cutaneous inflammatory diseases: Insights from pharmacological and genetic approaches","authors":"Tetsuya Honda,&nbsp;Kenji Kabashima,&nbsp;Jun Kunisawa","doi":"10.1111/imr.13193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prostanoids and leukotrienes (LTs) are representative of ω6 fatty acid-derived metabolites that exert their actions through specific receptors on the cell surface. These lipid mediators, being unstable in vivo, act locally at their production sites; thus, their physiological functions remain unclear. However, recent pharmacological and genetic approaches using experimental murine models have provided significant insights into the roles of these lipid mediators in various pathophysiological conditions, including cutaneous inflammatory diseases. These lipid mediators act not only through signaling by themselves but also by potentiating the signaling of other chemical mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. For instance, prostaglandin E₂-EP4 and LTB₄-BLT1 signaling on cutaneous dendritic cells substantially facilitate their chemokine-induced migration ability into the skin and play critical roles in the priming and/or activation of antigen-specific effector T cells in the skin. In addition to these ω6 fatty acid-derived metabolites, various ω3 fatty acid-derived metabolites regulate skin immune cell functions, and some exert potent anti-inflammatory functions. Lipid mediators act as modulators of cutaneous immune responses, and manipulating the signaling from lipid mediators has the potential as a novel therapeutic approach for human skin diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"317 1","pages":"95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5762934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mast cell ontogeny: From fetal development to life-long health and disease","authors":"Shin Li Chia,&nbsp;Simran Kapoor,&nbsp;Cyril Carvalho,&nbsp;Marc Bajénoff,&nbsp;Rebecca Gentek","doi":"10.1111/imr.13191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found in most organs of the body, where they also contribute to normal tissue functioning, for example by engaging in crosstalk with nerves. Despite this, they are most widely known for their detrimental roles in allergy, anaphylaxis, and atopic disease. Just like macrophages, mast cells were conventionally thought to originate from the bone marrow. However, they are already present in fetal tissues before the onset of bone marrow hematopoiesis, questioning this dogma. In recent years, our view of myeloid cell ontogeny has been revised. We now know that the first mast cells originate from progenitors made in the extra-embryonic yolk sac, and later get supplemented with mast cells produced from subsequent waves of hematopoiesis. In most connective tissues, sizeable populations of fetal-derived mast cells persist into adulthood, where they self-maintain largely independently from the bone marrow. These developmental origins are highly reminiscent of macrophages, which are known to have critical functions in development. Mast cells too may thus support healthy development. Their fetal origins and longevity also make mast cells susceptible to genetic and environmental perturbations, which may render them pathological. Here, we review our current understanding of mast cell biology from a developmental perspective. We first summarize how mast cell populations are established from distinct hematopoietic progenitor waves, and how they are subsequently maintained throughout life. We then discuss what functions mast cells may normally have at early life stages, and how they may be co-opted to cause, worsen, or increase susceptibility to disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":178,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Reviews","volume":"315 1","pages":"31-53"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imr.13191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6150910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}