Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of protein quality and level in pigs’ diets to reduce nitrogen excretion in pork production","authors":"Sergii Zinoviev, S. Semenov, Mariia Pushkina","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-11","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock is a significant source of reactive nitrogen in the environment. It is\u0000estimated that of the total amount of NH3 and N2O released into the environment as a\u0000result of human activities, about 70 % and 30 %, respectively, are formed in the livestock\u0000industry. Reducing the protein content of the diet is an effective way to reduce the\u0000excretion of N in pig urine. This can be done by improving the amino acid balance, which\u0000leads to a reduction in excess protein in the diet. Without the right combination of amino acids in the diet is inconceivable efficient and cost-effective production of livestock products. Two physiological balance experiments were conducted on the basis of the physiological yard of the Institute of Pig Breeding and APV NAAS to optimize nitrogen emissions of pigs into the environment. The first study on the optimization of nitrogen emissions by pigs under the conditions of combined use of plant and animal resources of feed protein for this purpose was formed 2 research groups of 8 heads each. The first group received a normal diet, the second received feed using plant and animal sources of feed protein. The second investigated the optimization of nitrogen emissions by pigs under conditions of reduced protein levels in diets using balancing amino acids and multienzyme compositions. To conduct a physiological balance experiment, three groups of pigs of 6 heads each were formed. The first group received a standard diet, the second with a reduced protein content and the addition of balancing amino acids, the third the second with a reduced protein content and the addition of balancing amino acids and multi-enzyme complex. It was found that the use of experimental diets with low fiber and anti-nutritional factors that use combined sources of protein nitrogen excretion in animals is likely to decrease, and the efficiency of nitrogen use increases by 3.12 % (p≤0.05) and 2.88 % (p≤0.05) from digested. Nitrogen uptake rates by animals receiving feeds with low dietary protein content but with the addition of balancing amino acids and multi-enzyme complex were at the level of animals in the control group. Nitrogen was released using a low-protein diet with the addition of balancing amino acids and (or) multi-enzyme complex, and the environment was lower by 8.71 % in the first and 11.23 % in the second experimental group.\u0000Key words: pigs, nitrogen, excretion, protein, amino acids, digestibility, multienzyme composition, low-protein diet, balancing","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping pigs of Ukrainian breeds by microsatellite loci with a tetranucleotide motif","authors":"S. Korinnyi, Andriy Onyshchenko, L. Peretiatko","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was genotyping animals of Ukrainian pig breeds according\u0000to microsatellite loci of the genome for further creation and implementation of the\u0000methodology for determining gene complexes of pig adaptability. Research methods:\u0000zootechnical – the analysis of genealogy and the productivity indexes of animals of\u0000different breeds; bioinformation - work with databases of the primary genome sequences for the design of oligonucleotide primers; molecular genetic - nucleic acid extraction, the determination of purity and concentration of DNA preparations, the amplification of microsatellite loci in PCR with subsequent electrophoretic separation of the amplification products in denaturing gel; statistical – the determination of population-genetic parameters on the basis of typing data on microsatellite loci, the relationship of microsatellite loci with performance indexes, the search for adaptive complexes. It was carried out genotyping animals of the Ukrainian meat breed in SE “RF Elita MIW named after V. M. Remeslo NAAS \"of Kyiv region for 6 microsatellite loci with tetranucleotide repeats, a panel of primers of its own design. It was found the fact that the average number of alleles per locus was 5.2 alleles. The level of actual heterozygosity was 0.830, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.780. However, this difference is not significant. DNA typing animals for 6 loci of microsatellite DNA of 17 heads of Poltava meat breed of SE \"EB Nadiia\" was carried out. As a result of genotyping, the average number of alleles per locus was 3.8. The actual and expected heterozygosity levels were 0.680 and 0.730, respectively. By loci of microsatellite DNA, we found in animals of Myrhorod breed: for locus FH3628 – 5 alleles of 200-228 nucleotides, FH1865 – 5 alleles (size from 109 to 129 nucleotides), FH4219 – 2 alleles of 80 and 92 nucleotides, FH1885 – 4 alleles from 205 up to 213 nucleotides, FH3764 – 2 alleles 138 and 146 nucleotides, and for FH4231 – 2 alleles 116 and 120 nucleotides. The level of actual heterozygosity was 0.860, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.810. Thus, in three breeds of Ukrainian selection for 6 loci of microsatellite DNA with tetranucleotide repeat, the level of actual heterozygosity was in the range of 0.680 in animals of Poltava meat breed to 0.860 in animals of Myrhorod breed. The level of expected heterozygosity is 0.730 in animals of Poltava meat breed to 0.810 in Myrhorod breed. The high level of heterozygosity, as well as the average number of alleles per locus allows to search for alleles and genotypes associated with the adaptability of animals in breeds of pigs of Ukrainian selection.\u0000Key words: pigs, microsatellite loci, genome, average number of alleles, level of\u0000heterozygosity, population, variability.","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131792330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining promaternal breeds in the final hybrids of pigs using mitochondrial genome polymorphism","authors":"Yelyzaveta Budakva, K. Pochernyaev, S. Korinnyi, M. Povod","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-05","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to determine the origin of pigs of the final hybrid\u0000(Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro using mitochondrial DNA markers. Bristle from the\u0000auricle of pigs (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro was used as genetic material. DNA\u0000isolation was carried out according to the method of S. M. Korinnyi et al. 2005, using the\u0000Chelex - 100 ion exchange resin. The method of PCR-amplified restriction fragment\u0000length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze the mitochondrial genome. Sections of the D-loop of the pig mitochondrial genome with a size of 428 nucleotide pairs (with Tas 1 recognition sites at positions 15558, 15580, 15616, 15714, 15758) are subject to analysis. The comparison of maternally inherited restriction fragments in the breed made it possible to obtain reliable information about the origin of the experimentally studied sample of pigs of the final hybrid (n=15) from LLC \"Globynsky Svynocompleks\", Globyno, Poltava Region, Ukraine.The laboratory research was carried out on the basis of the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the laboratory of genetics. By analyzing nucleotide sequences, one monomorphic site at position 15558 bp and three polymorphic sites at positions 15580, 15616, and 15758 were identified and experimentally studied for endonuclease Tas I (↓AATT). To systematize the combinations of restriction fragments of mitochondrial DNA, three breed-specific mitochondrial haplotypes were determined in the experimentally studied sample of hybrid pigs (n=15). As a result it was obtained the\u0000haplotypes of the studied pig population (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro according to\u0000mitochondrial DNA markers: 4 animals with haplotype C - Landrace, Hampshire,\u0000Wales,a subspecies of wild pig (Ukraine, Poland); 5 pigs have mitochondrial haplotype\u0000N –the Large White (Asian type), Berkshire, the Asian wild boar; 6 pigs with mitochondrial haplotype O are Landraces, a subspecies of wild boar (Scandinavia). The obtained results indicate that two-breed sows were the result of direct the (Large White×Landrace) and reciprocal crossing (Landrace×Large White). Based on\u0000the example of the developed systematization of the combination of restriction fragments by Pocherniaev K. F., in the future it is proposed to create a database of reference haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA of pigs of the final hybrid (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro. It will be used in future studies to reconstruct the\u0000demographic history of commercial breeds of hybrid pigs of foreign selection. The work\u0000was carried out with the support of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of\u0000Ukraine 31.01.00.07.F. \"To investigate the pleiotropic effect of genes whose SNPs are\u0000used in marker-associated selection of pigs.\" SR No. 0121U109838.\u0000Key words: mitochondrial DNA, D-loop, pigs, final hybrid, (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro, haplotype, haplogroup, PCR-PDRF, selection, origin.","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125089954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural factors of increasing the resistance of animals","authors":"Tetyana Konks, V. Ivanov, Oleksiy Saglo, Andriy Onyshchenko","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-09","url":null,"abstract":"It has been studied the issue of technology and economic efficiency of housing\u0000different sex, age and production groups of pigs in summer camps; to give the features of housing lactating and single sows, repair and fattening pigs in the camps; to study the expediency of combining camp maintenance with the pasture; to develop equipment that will improve the technology of summer camp housing pigs. Experimental studies on the development of technological elements of summer camp housing pigs and determining its benefits were conducted in the farms of Poltava and Myrhorod districts of Poltava region on the live-stock of pigs of the Large White and Myrhorod breeds. The camps of simpler design with shadow canopies were equipped for the group housing of other age and production groups of pigs. It has been determined the cost of green mass and concentrated feed per head, the average daily gain of animals, their safety, time spent on the production of one quintal of live weight, as well as took into account the load per operator, in an innovative plan it has been developed the detachment (Fig. 1) for grazing pigs, which provides the preimaginal principle of pasture use and gentle vegetation. In the course of research the generally accepted zootechnical and economic indexes were studied.\u0000Regular motion, sun, clean air - this is a set of healing natural factors that have\u0000allowed to grow strong and healthy piglets, capable of high growth rate in their further\u0000rearing for reproductive and fattening purposes. The camp housing helped to increase\u0000the reproductive function of the maternal live-stock. The productivity of young animals\u0000also increased significantly with a significant reduction in their deaths. The live weight\u0000of piglets at weaning increased by two kilograms compared to those indoors ones. Net\u0000profit from pork sales amounted to 17.6% of total net profit from livestock. We also\u0000developed in co-authorship a detachment for grazing pigs, which prevents damage to the sod layer of the pasture, reduces material consumption, labor costs for the movement of the detachment on the pasture. So, camp and pasture maintenance in the experimental conditions had a positive effect on the economic efficiency of pig breeding in the whole enterprise, as well as increased the reproductive characteristics of the breeding stock. The use of green and succulent feeds, up to 35 percent in nutritional value, significantly improved the taste qualities and biological value of the diet of pigs.\u0000Key words: pigs, summer camp pasture maintenance, pasture, green conveyor,\u0000natural factors, animal resilience, mobile detachment.","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131667368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of climatic factors on the reproductive ability of sows","authors":"P. Vashchenko, Mykola Berezovskyi","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-03","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the low level of inheritance of reproductive qualities, it is\u0000important to search other factors that may affect the productivity of sows. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the influence of climatic factors - in this case, the average annual air temperature and humidity on the level of phenotypic manifestation of\u0000quantitative traits. In the experiment it was involved a livestock of pigs of the Large White breed of the breeding farm \"Ukraine\" of Poltava region (factory type \"Bahachanskyi\"). The research methodology was based on the use of regression and analysis of variance.\u0000The estimation of ecological and genetic parameters of plasticity and stability was\u0000determined by the method of Eberhart S. J. and Russel W. J. (1966) in the modification\u0000of Pakudin V.Z. and Lopatina L.M. (1984). Animals were characterized both by absolute\u0000indexes of the productivity and by the selection index (Berezovsky M.D. and others,\u00002002), and all calculations were performed according to MS Excel 2010. The initial data\u0000were formed in a matrix of the type \"family-line\". When comparing the plasticity of\u0000families, genotypes with a coefficient ri> 1.0 were referred to as highly plastic,\u0000when1>ri≥0 - relatively plastic. A family in which the plasticity is equal to one and the\u0000deviation is minimal is considered as stable.\u0000When studying the strength of the interaction influence of climatic factors\u0000(temperature and the amount of precipitation per month) on the indexes of reproductive\u0000qualities of sows,it has been determined a significant strength of the interaction influence of climatic factors on the fertility of sows (10.62 %). In the study of average indexes of fertility, it was found out the fact that the largest difference in this feature between 2019 and 2020 was recorded in May: fertility in May 2019 was by 1.7 heads higher than in the same period in 2020. The indexes of plasticity (r) and stability (S2) were studied in the context of families. It was determined that the fertility of the sow families are differed by the highest plasticity, and the most stable were sows on the basis of the number of weaned piglets. The greatest reaction in terms of fertility was shown by sows of the families Volshebnytsia and Snizhynka, and the most stable (adapted) were animals of the families Ch. Ptychka and Geran.\u0000According to research, a significant effect of temperature and humidity on the fertility of sows of the factory type \"Bagachansky\", and high values of plasticity of families on this index indicate about an insufficient adaptation of these animals and indicate the feasibility of developing technological measures to mitigate environmental factors.\u0000Key words: sow, breed, family, line, factory type, reproductive qualities, selection,\u0000adaptation, ecological plasticity, index.","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116682003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of chlamidiosis in animals and ways to solve them (review)","authors":"Oleksandr Bindiug, V. Rokotianska","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-12","url":null,"abstract":"It was conducted a chamber analysis of scientific trends in solving the problems of\u0000chlamydia in pigs and focusing on the most effective methods of the disease prevention\u0000and the treatment of animals. It has been determined that chlamydia are positioned as\u0000bacteria and viruses, and therefore are quite common among farm animals, and poultry:\u0000about 90 million new cases of chlamydia disease in animals, in particular pigs, are\u0000registered in the world. Some types of chlamydia threaten the health of people and\u0000animals, reducing the productivity of the latter. Chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate\u0000intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle consisting of two stages, such as the elementary body (infectious) and the reticulum body. This determines their latency and resistance to antibiotics and other therapeutic drugs. It has been determined that chlamydia are similar to viruses and have the ability to cause dangerous formations in the body of animals. Chlamydial disease in pigs manifests as conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and pseudomembranous or necrotizing enteritis, which is confirmed by the experimental reproduction of the infection in gnotobiotic pigs using clinical isolates. In addition, chlamydia is associated with pericarditis, polyarthritis and polyserositis in piglets and numerous reproductive problems such as vaginal discharge from the sow, disruption of the sexual cycle, abortions, mummification of fetuses, the birth of weak piglets, the increased perinatal and neonatal mortality, as well as orchitis, epididymitis and urethritis in boars. However, for most of these diseases, the ultimate role of chlamydia is not fully defined.\u0000Chlamydia is considered a pathogen in pigs, chlamydia tests are not performed in\u0000most available veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Chlamydia often occurs together with\u0000other pathogens, and this phenomenon complicates the recovery of pigs to a certain\u0000extent. Infection of animals with chlamydia occurs as a result of direct contact of their\u0000mucous membranes with the causative agent of the disease. The systematic control of the presence of chlamydia in animals of the breeding herd will prevent a decrease in their productivity, that is, the substantial economic losses. The study of chlamydia by the molecular genetic method (PCR) will allow to identify sick animals and carry out their\u0000illumination, which is the most promising and will ensure the detection of sick animals.\u0000Key words: chlamydia, infection, bacteria, animal, pig, pathogenesis, symptoms,\u0000diagnostic methods.","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134306554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive qualities and the level of their phenotypical consolidation in sows of different operational value","authors":"V. Khalak, O. Tsereniuk, Ludmila Gryshyna, M. Ilchenko","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-01","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies of indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of different\u0000operational value, the level of their phenotypic consolidation are presented, and the\u0000economic efficiency of using sows in experimental groups is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in LLC \"Druzhba-Kaznacheevka\" in the\u0000Dnepropetrovsk region and in the laboratory animal husbandry of the State Institution\u0000\"Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine\". The work was carried out according\u0000to the program of scientific research of NAAS No. 31 \"Genetic improvement of farm\u0000animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity (Genetics, conservation and\u0000reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry)\" task \"To determine the\u0000adaptive characteristics and the nature of inheritance of polygenic-hereditary traits of\u0000pigs of different genotypes and to develop an integrated system for creating a highly productive population\". The object of research was sows of the Llarge White breed. It\u0000was found that the sows of the main herd, according to the characteristics of reproductive ability, belong to the I class and the elite class. The number of sows from which 100 or more live piglets were obtained during the breeding period is 27.45 %. Sows in the \"high operational value\" category exceed their peers in the \"average operational value\" category in terms of life expectancy and breeding use by 25.1 and 26.2 months respectively.\u0000A significant difference between the animals of the indicated groups was\u0000established according to the indicators \"received farrowings\", \"received live pigs in total, head\", \"multiple births, head.\", \"weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg\" and the index of N. D. Berezovsky. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (К1, К2) range from – 0.050 to +0.231 units, which indicates an insufficient level of consolidation of reproductive qualities in sows of the controlled population and\u0000determines the vector of further work of agricultural specialists and research workers -\u0000curator of work in this direction. The coefficient of pair correlation between the breeding\u0000index of sow reproductive qualities (SIRQS) and the absolute indicators of reproductive\u0000qualities of sows of different operational value ranges from –0.525 (tr = 3.09) to +0.934\u0000(tr = 81.8). The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of\u0000the \"high operational value\" category – + 3.41 %, and its cost is 92.44 UAH /heard/\u0000farrowing.\u0000Key words: sow, breed, reproductive qualities, operational value, coefficient of\u0000phenotypic consolidation, cost of additional production, variability, correlation.","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121715499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GMO analysis technique based on PCR and real-time PCR methods","authors":"A. Saienko, M. Peka, Viktor Balatsky, S. Korinnyi, O. Tsereniuk","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-06","url":null,"abstract":"The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is promising for overcoming the\u0000shortage of food products in the world and solving the problem of hunger arising in\u0000various regions. At the same time, the use of GMOs has become a cause of debate, as the safety of consuming GMO products for human health remains unproven. The risks\u0000associated with GMOs cause public concern, which has led to the restriction of the use\u0000of GMOs and their products in many countries and the need for constant control of their\u0000content in food products. This study describes methods based on the polymerase chain\u0000reaction (PCR), such as Real-time PCR and PCR with electrophoretic separation of\u0000amplificates, which are generally accepted in GMO analysis. In order to control the\u0000presence of GMOs in food raw materials, feed and finished products of plant and animal\u0000origin, screening is carried out for the presence of the most common genetic engineering structures used during the creation of GMOs: CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator.\u0000Both Real-time PCR and PCR with electrophoretic separation of amplificates allow to\u0000establish the presence of GMOs with high accuracy, and Real-time PCR is also used to\u0000determine the concentration of GMOs in the studied samples. The work presents a typical electrophoresis with visualization of the obtained PCR fragments that required\u0000electrophoretic separation and fragments that were synthesized in the Real-time PCR\u0000reaction, and determined the approximate sizes of the obtained fragments relative to the pBR322 DNA-MspI molecular weight marker. The approach described in this study,\u0000based on the use of PCR techniques, can be successfully used for GMO analysis of all\u0000groups of raw materials and finished products of animal and plant origin, and is also\u0000well adapted for the detection of various genetic engineering structures, not limited to the CaMV 35S promoter and terminator NOS, which makes it possible to increase the\u0000efficiency of such analysis and continue its application in relation to new genetic\u0000engineering structures used during the creation of GMOs.\u0000Keywords: genetically modified organisms (GMOs), PCR methods, GMO analysis,\u0000raw materials and finished products of plant and animal origin","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122320320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the reproductive qualities of crossbred sows and determining the effect of a combination at crossing","authors":"V. Tsybenko, Ludmila Gryshyna, L. Peretiatko","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-02","url":null,"abstract":"It is presented the comparative analysis of a manifestation of reproductive qualities\u0000of purebred and two-breed sows in combination with boars of different genotypes and the definition of the best forms for further receiving highly productive marketable young pigs. The researches were conducted in the conditions of SE EE \"im. Dekabrystiv \"of Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP NAAS of Myrhorod district of Poltava region. 5 groups of young animals were formed for the experiment: 1 – (LW×Landrace)×Landrace, 2 –\u0000(LW×Landrace) x Duroc, 3 – LW×Duroc, 4 – Landrace×Landrace, 5 – Myrhorod breed\u0000x Myrhorod breed. It was determined the fact that by index of the number of piglets born, sows of the combination (LW×L)×D were dominated the purebred Landrace females by 7.41 % (p≤0.05) and pigs of Myrhorod breed by 9.59 % (p≤0.001). The significant variability of the rich fertility index in the sows of the combination of LW×L was revealed: the standard deviation in them was 3.56 heads (compared to 1.22 in other groups), the indicators of the magnitude of variation and the coefficient of variability were also the largest (respectively 10 heads and 10.71 %), which is confirmed by the value of the coefficient of excess – 2.689. The crossbred sows with the LW×L combination had the highest litter weight, they exceeded the sows of Myrhorod breed by 44.2 % (p <0.001) and tended to exceed the sows of Landrace breed by 3.51 %. It should be noted that the weight of the litter at weaning in Landrace sows was 68.3 kg, with a positive asymmetry – 0.743 and an excess coefficient of 0.467; the coefficient of variation was low, which indicates targeted selection for growth intensity in pigs of this breed. According to the results of the researches, the level of combination and the effect of crossing genotypes by multiplicity and the litter weight at weaning were determined. The level of combination of genotypes by crossing exceeded the level of combination by purebred breeding and had positive values in terms of fertility. The highest value of this indexes was obtained from the combination of crossbred sows with boars of Duroc breed – +0.70 units.The next stage of researches was to determine the effect of heterosis. The efficiency of combination (LW×L)×D was determined – 106.93 points for the multiplicity. According to the index of litter weight at weaning, the effect of heterosis was found out at crossing and in pigs of Landrace breed (for purebred breeding). Its highest value was determined in the combination of LW×L – 111.34 %, which indicates the effective use of this combination in the first stage of hybridization. The use of industrial crossbreeding and hybridization in the herd of SE \"EE im. Dekabrystiv” helps to increase the multiplicity rate of sows, as well as proves the effectiveness of the use of crossbred sows of the combination LW×L in the first stage of the hybridization to increase the growth rate of young animals. Indexes of the level of combination and the effec","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127810951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of animal domestication processes using mitochondrial genome polymorphism (review)","authors":"K. Pochernyaev","doi":"10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-07","url":null,"abstract":"In the article it is presented the results of studies of domestication processes of the\u0000main species of agricultural animals, which were carried out with the involvement of\u0000mitochondrial genome polymorphism. Mitochondrial genome polymorphism was used in\u0000the research of domestication processes for the reason that the inclusion of mitochondrial genes in domestic animal populations occurred only as a result of domestication of females. Most often, mitochondrial DNA sequences are used to determine possible wild ancestors, the number of maternal lines and their geographic origin. Domestication can be may be considered as the final phase of intensification of relations between subpopulations of animals or plants and human societies. It consists of several degrees of intensification, which in different ways and during different periods can end with the appearance of domestic animals, plants and microorganisms formed by people. While domestication of wild animals is a form of domestication that does not entail any visible morphological changes, at least from an archeological point of view (Vigne, 2011). The emergence of agriculture in Neolithic times included the domestication of ungulates animals and was a critical moment in human development. The goat (Capra hircus) was one of the first domesticated species of ungulates animals. The main centers of domestication are believed to be the eastern half of the Iranian plateau and eastern Anatolia (Naderi et al., 2008). Sheep (Ovis aries) were domesticated in the so-called Fertile Crescent region about 9,000–8,000 years ago. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism studies from 323 modern and 221 fossil pig bones collected throughout western Eurasia showed that domestic pigs of Near Eastern origin introduced to Europe during the Neolithic (potentially via two separate routes) reached the Paris Basin at least as early as the 4th th millennium BC. The native European wild pig had also been domesticated by that time, possibly as a direct result of the introduction of domestic pigs from the Middle East (Larson, et al. 2007). After the species of wild ancestors of domestic animals were determined, the question became of identifying molecular genetic signs of domestication. Traditionally, such research involves comparing DNA samples of wild and domestic animal populations of the same species and searching for genomic regions that demonstrate significant genetic differentiation between them. The genetic differentiation is generally based on differences in allele frequencies between populations, calculated using FST or similar statistical methods. For example, a comparison of the genomes of the Asian mouflon (Ovis orientalis), the bezoar goat (Capra hircus aegagrus), as well as domestic local breeds of sheep and goats within the geographic centers of domestication and cross-border commercial breeds, identified the regions of the genome that were subjected to the strongest selection pressure. By sequencing a library of DNA frag","PeriodicalId":178711,"journal":{"name":"Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131646087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}