Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Detection Of Antichlamydial Antibody in Patients With Ectopic Pregnancy and Normal Pregnancy","authors":"Srwa Jamal Murad","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the current research is to assess the Chlamydia Trachomatis infection role in the development of early pregnancy complication including ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage in Sulaimanyia Maternity Teaching Hospital. It is a comparative study conducted in Gynecology Clinic and Emergency department of Sulaimanyia Maternity Teaching Hospital during the period from 1st of September 2018 to 31st of March 2019. The study groups included of 70 pregnant women; the first group included 35 ectopic pregnant women and the second group included 35 normal pregnant women that both groups had been selected randomly. Pregnant women with history of ectopic pregnancies, women used intrauterine device, in vitro fertilization, assisted reproduction and history of pelvic surgery. Blood sample (2 ml venous blood) collected to test for antibodies level for Chlamydia Trachomatis by Alegria test system for both studied groups and patients with ectopic pregnancy detected by beta human chorionic gonadotropin and ultrasound scanning. The collected data analyzed by SPSS program and for compare between means of two variables independent sample t-test was used while for comparison of categorical variables Chi square test was used with considering ≤ 0.05 P-value as significant level. The results shows that the mean age of normal pregnancy were (28.3±4.6) group compared with mean age ectopic pregnancy (29.5±4.9) group. The mean IgG (6.3±5.1) of patients with ectopic pregnancy was found to be significantly higher than mean IgG (2.8±1.1) for normal pregnant patients (P-value 0.01) and IgM mean (4.5±2.4) of patients with ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher than mean IgM (1.6±1.2) for normal pregnant patients with P-value 0.01. In conclusion, infection of Chlamydia Trachomatis has a significant relationship with the development of ectopic pregnancy therefor screening and treatment of Chlamydia infection may reduce ectopic pregnancy rate with low cost","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68819490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Hepatitis B in Rania Hospitals","authors":"Zhino Raouf Ali, Mohammed Rasol Ahmed, Khalid Muhamad Hamad, Z. Wsu","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.20","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide especially for healthcare professionals (HCPs). It is a potentially life-threatening condition because leads to liver infection, and liver cancer. There is a shortage of research on undergraduate students. The main aim of this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of health care professionals regarding HBV at Rania hospitals in the Kurdistan region of Iraq during the period of 20th October 2019 to 16th April 2020. Non- probability purposive sample of (303) HCPs; for data collection, the study instrument was constructed and designed through reading literature, books, and articles which included (42) items. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of stability reliability (test and retest) approach which was estimated as r = (0.83.)The data were collected through the use of the interview technique then organized and coded into computer files. Statistical approaches were uses for data analysis, which includes: descriptive and inferential statistics and chi-square, data analysis (SPSS version 25). The results indicated that the majority of the study samples were in the age group (≤ 30)) years and the female participants was more than male, three-quarters of the participants were married, most of them were graduated from institute nursing and less than half of HCPs had 6-10 years of employment, but the majority of the participants were not trained at all, and most of them had not immunized against HBV vaccine. Three-quarters of HCPs had moderate knowledge regarding HBV infection. Also, the current study demonstrated a significant association between the educational level and HCP's knowledge regarding HBV, at a P value less than 0.05. on site other hand, there was no significant association between HCP's age, gender, marital status, years of employment, and training course concerning hepatitis with the level of knowledge regarding HBV. The researchers recommended to the ministry of health and directorate of health in Rania city to complete vaccinate against HBV for all HCPs and participating their staff in healthy scientific issues and symposiums.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43916540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Type I Tympanoplasty using a Cartilage Shield Graft","authors":"Murad Ghazi Ahmed, Said M. Said Aljaff, Hiwa Asaad Abdulkareem","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type I tympanoplasty surgery is an effective routine technic that had been used for tympanic reconstruction to improve hearing. Objectives: The aim was to measure the effect of type I tympanoplasty surgery using the cartilage shield graft (CSG) in term of graft uptake (anatomical outcome) and hearing gains (functional outcomes) of patients with poor prognostic factors. Method and Materials: In this study, 20 patients with perforation exceeded 50%, but limited to the tympanic membrane were recruited for type I tympanoplasty surgery. The study was conducted in the Otolaryngology/Head and Neck surgery training center in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani city for one year period. Bellucci classification was used to evaluate otorrhea risks. Results: The majority of patients were female (90%), with a mean ± SD (standard deviation) of ages of 37.15 ± 14.01 years. Most of the patients (40%) were presented with a mild hearing loss of 26-40 decibels (dB). Type I tympanoplasty surgery using the cartilage shield graft (CSG) had significantly decreased the hearing loss and air-bone gap (p-value = 0.046 and 0.006, respectively). The mean differences in hearing loss and air-bone gap were 5.05 dB and 6.75 dB, respectively. Conclusions: CSG in type I tympanoplasty surgery is an effective solution in anatomical outcome (Graft uptake) and functional outcomes (hearing gains) which had been reflected in reducing hearing loss and air-bone gap (average hearing gain of 5dB) in patients presented with tympanic membrane perforations. No improvement in the functional outcomes was observed in patients presented with severe hearing loss pre-operatively.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73053474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Diode Laser versus Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) for the management of Hirsutism in Sulaimani Government","authors":"Burhan Tahir Saeed","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"Hirsutism defined as excessive hairiness, hirsutism can negatively affect individuals, particularly females. Hirsutism has been attributed to the presence of high levels of androgen. There are different procedures to treat hirsutism; however, diode laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) are the most common methods. The present study was carried out in order to compare diode laser and IPL procedures regarding their effectiveness in decreasing hirsutism, patient satisfaction, and pain level. The present cross-sectional prospective study was carried out on 66 patients with hirsutism who regularly visited a dermatology clinic in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq over a period of 8 months from February to October 2020. They were assigned into a diode laser group (n=35) and an IPL group (n=31). Each patient had 8 laser sessions, once every month. Required data were collected through photos taken in every session. The collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0). The patients’ mean age was 33.12 years. Over 53% and 35% of them had a family history of first- and second- degree hirsutisms, respectively. Both procedures led to good and very good primary outcomes in 43.9% and 36.4% of the patients, respectively. Patient satisfaction was high in 42.4% of them. Our research has showed that IPL has fewer side effects (p-value<0.001), better primary outcome (p-value<0.001), and better patient’s mood (p-value<0.002). The two procedures led to similar level of patient satisfaction, and they were not significantly different in this regard (p-value=0.3). In terms of hair types, the two procedures were significantly different (p-value<0.001), such that IPL was better for thin hair, while diode laser for thick hair. Both diode laser and IPL procedures were found to be efficient in terms of primary outcome, patient satisfaction, and patient’s mood. However, diode laser is proper for dark-skinned patients with thick hair and IPL for thin hair. Diode laser was found to be better choice for our patients because most clients in the region are dark-skinned with thick hair.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79362256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization Of Vaginitis Among Women Complaining Of Genital Tract Symptoms","authors":"Hemin Muheddin Kareem, Muhammed Saed Qadir, Safa Bakr Karim, Solaf Jawhar Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.17","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginitis is the inflammation of the vagina as a result of a change in the balance of normal flora affecting women of reproductive age. It is one of the most frequent reasons that women visit clinics. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of \u0000laboratory diagnosis methods in the treatment of the disease and to study the symptoms and risk factors associated with vaginitis among women with genital tract symptoms. Vaginal swabs were collected from 50 women attending Maternity hospital and Chwarchra dormitory camps in Sulaimani city. Samples were examined microbiologically and causative agents were isolated. All relevant clinical information such as patient demographic profiles, socioeconomic variables, risk factors and symptoms have been collected by questionnaire based study. Different species of microorganisms were isolated from vaginal samples including yeast and bacteria. Culture analysis and gram stain had shown that bacterial vaginosis was 22%, while the rate of yeast infection was 16%. The higher percentage was 62% for the normal flora (Lactobacillus). Microscopic examination of patient’s vaginal swabs revealed that 63.6% of infectious group had high level of epithelial cells (>10), while the most patients with non-infectious vaginitis had (10) or less epithelial cell in the microscopic field. The presence of epithelial cell was significantly associated with infectious vaginitis (p-value 0.04). Most patients were aged between 25-35 years. The result showed a significant association between infectious vaginosis with education level (p-value 0.02). The most common symptom present among patients with infectious vaginitis group was itching (38.5%) and smelly discharge (40%). The majority of women had history of previous infections in both infectious and non-infectious vaginitis groups. Furthermore, there was different types of vaginitis including infectious vaginitis (bacterial and yeast infection) and non-infectious vaginitis. Therefore, it is essential to perform laboratory examination for the patients to detect the causative agents of vaginitis, and ensure the most appropriate treatment can be administered. In addition, the treatment of vaginitis can be done by topical application of Lidocaine 5% ointment (as a local anesthetic) nightly for seven weeks has been shown to decrease the pain of vaginitis in women.  ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79953840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Patients","authors":"Shawnm Ahmed Aziz","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance has become a major world health challenge and has limited the ability of physician's treatment. Staphylococcus aureus the most notorious pathogens causes morbidity and mortality especially in burn patients. However, Staphylococcus aureus rapidly acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe Methicillin Resistance S. aureus infections. This study aimed to detect the emergence of beta-lactam and glycopeptide resistance genes. 50 clinical specimens of S. aureus collected from burn patients in burn and plastic surgery units in Sulaimani-Iraq city. All specimens were confirmed to be positive for S. aureus. All the isolates were assessed for their susceptibility to different antibiotics depending on NCCL standards, followed by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase detection by double disk diffusion synergy test. The production of β- lactamases was evaluated in the isolated strains by several routine methods and polymerase chain reaction. Among the isolates 94% were Methicillin resistance and 34.28% were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producer. PCR based molecular technique was done for the bla genes related to β- lactamase enzymes by the specific primers, as well as genes which related to reduced sensitivity to Vancomycin were detected. The results indicated that all isolated showed the PBP1, PBP2, PBP3, PBP4, trfA and trfB, graSR, vraS except the vraR gene and the prolonged therapy of Methicillin resistance infection with teicoplanin have been associated with progress of resistance and the rise of tecoplanin resistance may be a prologue to evolving Vancomycin resistance. In conclusion, beta-lactam over taking can rise Vancomycin- Intermediate S. aureus strains leading to appearance of Vancomycin resistance although the treatment of Vancomycin resistant infections is challenging.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87529564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Ketotifen Fumarate in Syrup Dosage Form by High Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"M. A. Salih, Dlivan Fatah Aziz, S. Ali","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the current study was to establish and authenticate an isocratic reverse-stage High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying ketotifen fumarate (KF) in pharmaceutical liquid dosage compositions. Easy, quick, accurate, exact, and accurate reverse-stage high-performance liquid chromatography was advanced for the simultaneous assessment of ketotifen fumarate in the liquid syrup dosage type. The HPLC system using isocratic elution method with reverse-phase Inertsil ODS-(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column was detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 297 nm with no interference from widely using excipients, the mobile phase (A) is a mixture of triethylamine and water (175 μl in 500 ml of water), and the mobile phase (B) is a mixture of triethylamine and methanol (175 μl in 500 ml of methanol) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min (mobile phase A 40 %:mobile phase B 60%) at column temperature using 40 ° C, the retention time for ketotifen fumarate was 6.4±0.5 min. The concentration curves were linear in the range of 10.0 to 35.0 μg / ml (R2 = 0.9999). The developed method was tested for the specificity, precision, linearity, precision, reliability, robustness, and consistency of the solution. The regeneration of ketotifen fumarate in formulations was found to be 99.75 %, 99.91 %, and 100.05 % respectively. The percent RSD for percent recovery was found to be 0.21 and 0.17 and 0.10 for ketotifen fumarate. In the conclusion, the suggested technique was successfully used for the quantitative determination of ketotifen fumarate in formulations.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Using Motorized Diamond Burr Polisher Instrument in Minimizing the Recurrent Rate of Pterygium Excision","authors":"Sakar Abdulkarim Nidhamalddin","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"To compare the effects of using motorized diamond burr polisher in pterygium excision versus manual polishing of the corneoscleral bed in reducing the recurrent rate. A prospective, comparative and interventional study of 90 consecutive patients with different grads of primary pterygium, who underwent pterygium excision at Shahid Aso teaching eye hospital in Sulaimani city, between August 2018 till September 2019, which was performed by single surgeon. In group A (45) eyes polishing of the corneoscleral bed done using motorized diamond polishing burr, and in group B (45) eyes using manual crescent blade for polishing. Recurrent rate was evaluated after about (8±2) months postoperatively. Ethical consideration of the risks and the benefits of the procedure was observed for each individual patient. A 90 patients with the mean age of group A (48.84±12.7) years and group B (49.67±12.3) years, complained of different grads of primary pterygium, group A had 31(68.9%) male and 14(31.1%) female, while group B had 22(48.9%) male and 23(51.1%) female. Each individual factors like age, gender, visual acuity, BCVA pre and postoperatively, IOP measurement, dryness of the eye and risk factors like smoking and UV exposure affecting the recurrence were assessed. In both groups the main indication for surgery was sign of irritation. The mean surgical time was calculated and the difference between two groups were significant. After follow-up of average six months the outcomes and recurrent rate were checked, recurrent rate was in group A 1(2.2%) while in group B was 6(13.3%) patients. it significantly decreased. Corneal scar happens in only 1(2.2%) case of group A while in 11(24.4%) cases in group B, Corneal scar was statistically significant. In both groups the change of BCVA was significant but the visual change was more significant in group A in compare to group B. Motorized diamond burr is a safe instrument for polishing the cornea during pterygium excision, it is easy to handle, low price, need lesser operative time, its effect on recurrence postoperatively is significant and beside it leaves lesser corneal scar and early visual recovery postoperatively.   ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Cosmetic Factors Contributing to Rhinoplasty among Both Genders in Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"A. Kamali, Hedi Hassan Rostam, A. Khdir, Omer Aula Mina","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"The most outstanding feature of face is the nose which is in furthering than any other feature to facial characteristics. Furthermore, the appealing aspects of the nose is an essential olfactory organ. Over and beyond the aesthetic and functional aspects the client's reaction to his/her own nose as well as the reaction of the people around to it impacts to the psychic characteristics. A non-probability purposive sample of this cross - sectional descriptive study was consisted of 100 young male and female in Kurdish ethnicity, their ages ranged between 21-25 years. The main objective of the study is conducted to assess the cosmetic factors, contribute to Rhinoplasty among both genders at Raparin District. The data collecting period were during the (December 15th, 2019 to January 5th, 2020). A self-administration questionnaire was used for data collection and it was designed according guidelines, literatures, and articles concerning Rhinoplasty; which consisted of 26 variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The study results revealed that most of participants (67%) were female when only (17%) of them were married, however, more than half (67%) were students. Whenever, they about (56%) were barely sufficient in their monthly income. Moreover, about (61%) of participants interested to surgically alter the appearance of their nose, closely two-third (74%) of participants wanted to surgically change the function of their nose. Therefore, almost (87%) of participant relatives have been operated with Rhinoplasty. Also, the study demonstrated there is a statistically significant relationship between cosmetic factors contributing to Rhinoplasty with age (p=0.035) and occupation (p=0.037). When, there were strongly statistically significant association between cosmetic un-functional factors contributing to Rhinoplasty with level of education (p=0.003). The study recommended to plastic surgeons evaluate patients carefully before Rhinoplasty surgery to get rid of unnecessary surgeries because there are lots of complications related to Rhinoplasty and the psychological needs of the patients who undergo Rhinoplasty should be considered.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49458022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Spike and Envelope Proteins for a Number of Bat Coronaviruses for Understanding the Hypothesis of Possible Origin for the Novel 2019-nCoV","authors":"S. Ibrahim Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) emergence reveals  globally a great health issue and due to the limited information and knowledge on the origin of this novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the evolution and analysis of molecular epidemiology for both Spike and Envelope proteins of 20 available complete genome sequences of different bat coronaviruses including 2019-nCoV in order to find out which type of bat coronaviruses is more likely to be the origin of this new 2019-nCoV and also multiple amino acid sequences of Envelope protein for all bat coronaviruses were aligned for the purpose of finding the greater probability of novel 2019-nCoV original host   among bat coronaviruses. Phylogenetic tree analysis for Spike protein revealed that all 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses isolated from these species of species are discovered in China and Hong Kong and the Middle East bat are less likely to contribute in spreading or to become the origin of 2019-nCoV and all coronaviruses that from Hong Kong and China are located into one clade next to the clade that contains 2019-nCoV coronaviruses which indicates that this group of coronaviruses are genetically different for 2019-nCoV; moreover, Hong Kong and USA bat coronaviruses does not contain the bat coronavirus from China and are located into one clade far from the clade that contains 2019-nCoV indicates that all coronaviruses are genetically very different from 2019-nCoV, and USA bat coronavirus may has no role in generating of 2019-nCoV. The phylogenetic trees analysis of Envelope protein showed that Envelope protein of different coronaviruses are more similar in comparison to Spike protein, USA bat coronavirus has a relatively closeness relationship to 2019-nCoV. Furthermore, Envelope protein alignment showed the closely related amino acid sequence which confirms that the outcomes of phylogenetic tree analysis in which that these bat coronaviruses have genetically close relationship together and more interestingly amino acid sequence (MG772934.1) shows 100% identity with the amino acid sequence of 2019-nCoV (NC 045512.2) and the same virus has a close relationship in both Spike and Envelope due to that in both phylogenetic tree analysis are neighbored with 2019-nCoV in the same clade. ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43050718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}