Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Improved Image Compression Scheme Using Hybrid Encoding Algorithm","authors":"Y. Salih, A. Mohammed, Loay E. George","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"A color image compression is the most challenging task in the field of multimedia. During last decades several techniques are developed for improving the quality, coding time and compression ratio using different coding strategies. In this work, an effective compression method for hybrid images is proposed based on the discrete wavelet transformation and hybrid encoding algorithm (Huffman and SPIHT). This paper's primary participation is to take advantage of the hybrid encoding technique to maintain the quality of the reconstructed image and the reduction of time complexity. The sample test images are taken from both standard image database and high-quality images (SD and HD). The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by using different metrics such as (PSNR, compression ratio and encoding time). Test results indicate that the time and compression ratio of encoding are improved in the expense of the image quality.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Additive Materials on Indirect Tensile Strength and Moisture Sensitivity of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP)","authors":"S. M. Ebrahim, Hardy Karim","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Using reclaimed asphalt pavement with additives as part of new road construction has economic and environmental advantages. As an attempt to preserve aggregate resources and save money, and knowing the effects of the selected additive materials, this study was done in Sulaimani City. The samples of the RAP were selected from the Sulaimani municipality stockpiles. The ignition and centrifuge testing machines were used to separate the aggregate and binder of the RAP. Based on the standard deviation of the obtained asphalt content, the blend was decided to be 40% RAP and 60% new material. The aggregate tests were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the PAR aggregate. The performance grade test was done for the reclaimed asphalt binder. Three types of additives, which were Styrene Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), Crumb Rubber (CR), and Polypropylene (PP), mixed with the reclaimed asphalt binder with three different percentages of the binder which were 3%, 5%, and 7%. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test was performed to the conditioned and unconditioned mixtures. To evaluate the effects of additives on the moisture sensitivity of the reclaimed mixtures, ITS Ratios were obtained. Most of the percentages of additives decreased the ITS of the conditioned and unconditioned samples. The only percentage of the additive material increased the ITS was 5% of PP in conditioned case. However, additives did not benefit the ITS, they benefited the ITSR greatly. The best obtained ITSR for each additive material was 7% SBS, 3% CR, and 5% PP that had 99.71%, 97.1%, and 90.7%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and Controlling Electric Power Stations Using GSM Network","authors":"Goran Ismail, Bilal A. Mubdir, A. Majeed, A. Al-hindawi","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a system design for monitoring and controls the components of power generation station and substation with help of existing communication link based on GSM network. In this design, a selected Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) connected to the fields that needed to be monitored and continuously read changes in measurements of electrical parameters like voltage, current, bus bar circuit breakers…..etc.. These parameters have been monitored by PLC, on the base of conditions that PLC is programmed. PLC generates a text message and forward to other side; control center or mobile phone of engineer and technicians; who are responsible of monitoring. At control center, another GSM modem which has capability to connect with personal computer, receives that text massage using SMS and executes it. Software written with Vb.Net, works as Human Machine Interface (HMI) for this purpose. The system performance is acceptable in terms of errors in readings and time delay. The percentage error for the current is about 1%, and for the voltage is about 0.2%. The delivery time to receive new analog and digital inputs data is about 14.125 seconds, while the control of the circuit done after 4.68 seconds.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Onboard Smartphone Sensors Measurements to Improve Heading Estimation for Indoors Positioning Solutions","authors":"Haval D. Abdalkarim, H. Maghdid","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, there is a significant progression and huge demand in using technology; specifically, those technologies are embedded in smartphones (SP). Examples of these technologies are embedding various sensors for multi-purposes. Positioning sensors (Accelerometer, Gyroscope, and Magnetometer) are one of the significant technologies. Besides this, indoor positioning services on smartphones are the main advantage of these sensors. There are many indoor positioning applications, for instance; billing, shopping, security and safety, indoor navigation, entertainment applications, and other point-of-interest (POI) applications. Nevertheless, precise position information through current positioning techniques is the main issue of these applications. The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) technique is one of the techniques in which the integration of onboard sensors is used for locating smartphones. Estimated distance, heading, and typical speed can be measured to determine the estimated position of the smartphone via using the PDR technique. The PDR technique offers a low positioning accuracy due to existing accumulated errors of the embedded sensors. To solve this issue, this article proposes a hybrid multi-sensors measurement to reduce the existing sensors drifts and errors and to increase estimated heading accuracy of the smartphone. Further, the sensors’ measurements with the previously estimated position are fused by using KALMAN Filter to determine the current location of the smartphone in each step of walking with better angular displacement accuracy. Proposed algorithm depends on increasing estimated angular displacement of the smartphone using combination of the integrated sensors’ measurements. The achieved positioning accuracy through the proposed approach and based on trial experiments is around 2 meters, which is equivalent to 10% improvement in comparison with state of the art.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43480967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Food-Drug Interaction in the Intensive Care and Emergency Hospitals","authors":"Samir Y. Lafi, A. Kamali, B. O. Sharif","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Usually supplement is essential and fundamental components for ensure and creating the human body, also drugs seem to survey the life of each individual and ensure the wellbeing for a long life aimed most of illness, but in case nourishment sedate interaction ignored since of information shortage almost it or any reason maybe lead to futile of medicine for the patients or cause life threatening condition because of that, one of the most significant ethical point in every health care setting in the world is patient's safety;  and  the care for patients must be improved in every country to prevent complication of interaction between food and drug. The main objective of this cross-sectional study has been conducted to assess the nurses' knowledge regarding food-drug interaction (FDI) at the intensive care in both of Shar and emergency hospitals in the Slemani city, the data were collected during the period of October up to the end of December. Non-probability, (purposive sample) of 78 nurses at both hospitals, a questionnaire was designed according to literatures and books regarding FDI which contained 25 items, 8 items for demographic characteristics, and 17 items concerning FDI. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a panel of 7 experts, a pilot study was carried out to check the reliability of the questionnaire which determined through the use of stability reliability (test-retest) approach which was estimated as r = 0.81.  The data were collected through the interviewing of the study sample and analyzed through the using of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, version 23, and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the present study conclude that more than half of nurses had low knowledge and none of them had high level of knowledge, also there is no significant association between the levels of knowledge with age, gender, educational level, years of experience and working place. The study suggested extends the knowledge of nurses regarding the FDI, by training courses from clinical pharmacologists.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laborer’s Efficiency of Gypsum Plastering in Sulaimani City’s Projects","authors":"A. K. Abdullah, N. Ali, P. Abdullah","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the Laborer’s Efficiency (LE) in building projects in Sulaimani City practically on field sites were investigated for Gypsum plastering (GP). Accordingly, four constructional different buildings as Multistory, commercial and houses were considered. Overall 11 main important factors during 30 practical records on field sites were practically observed.  As a result, for the first time the Laborers’ Efficiency (LE) was measured and classified into three categories high, medium and low for two specific heights which were 0-2 m and 2-3 meters height of walls. On the other hand, it concluded that the LE for the height of 0-2m affected on LP from 15.18 to 21.35m2/hr., with a proportion of 40.6%. In addition to the LE affected-on LP for the height of 2-3m and varied the LP range between 13.33-15 m2/hr., with a proportion of 12.5%.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48693052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved Fully Homomorphic Encryption model based on N-Primes","authors":"M. A. Mohammed, F. S. Abed","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing is the provision of computing services over the internet, which provides unlimited computing capabilities to its users. Cloud Service Providers (CSP) in the distanced places helps the users such as businesses and individuals to use its software and hardware means.  The physical distance between the users and providers allows third parties to be capable of accessing the data which threats the privacy of the users. Thus, its security is the main concern when it comes to transform data from a locally owned storage to cloud storage. Cloud providers are required to save an encrypted version of user’s data on their storage. The traditional encryption schemes have been used for data encryption prior to sending them to the provider. Thought, the secret key has to be provided by the users to the server so as to decrypt the information prior to the requirement of calculations. Therefore, the traditional cryptographic schemes cannot be used to process cloud’s data. After the encryption of the information data are revealed to calculation in clouds, so confidentiality is not guaranteed and this result in difficulty in using cloud. In Homomorphic Encryptions calculation on ciphertext can be performed with no need for decryption.  This paper, develops and designs a new mathematical model to achieve the characteristics of the Fully Homomorphic Encryption. The proposed model’s security depends on the problem of Factorization the integers to their primary numbers. In this paper, instead of dealing with two prime numbers it is expanded to deal with n prime numbers. The security of the presumptive algorithm to be more efficient in front of the security challenges facing cloud computing. What distinguishes this proposed system is that it deals with the explicit text after converting it to the ASCII code instead of converting it to the binary system as it is in the existing systems, thus providing speed in the encryption process and returns the encryption.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41843929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nurses’ Performance Regarding Personal Protective Equipment at Rania Teaching Hospital","authors":"B. O. Sharif, Frishta M. Khdir, Padasht M. Khdir, Sarezh A. Rasul","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.ichms.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.ichms.20","url":null,"abstract":"Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing that acts as a barrier between infectious materials such as viral, bacterial contaminants and the skin, mouth, nose, eyes and mucous membranes. It includes gloves, mask, eye goggles and gown. It is a shortage of study of university students. The aim of the current study was performing to provide demographic data and to evaluate nurse’s performance regarding PPE at Rania teaching Hospital in Kurdistan region of Iraq, during the period of 10th October up to 7th of March. A non- probability purposive sample of (72 nurses), data collection of the study instrument was constructed of total (42) items. A professional team that contains of (11) experts were performed validity of the instrument. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of Equivalence (inter-rator or inter-observer), the data were collected through the use of evaluation technique then organized and coded into computer files. Statistical approaches were uses for data analyzed, also data analysis by (SPSS version 25). The result has revealed that highest age of the sample was between 30-39  years and most of them were institute nurses and more than half of nurses had less than 10 years of employment but most of them not trained yet. The majority of nurses were performed many nursing procedures such as wound dressing, suturing, suctioning, naso-gastric tube and  Foley catheter insertion without using PPE properly and without washing hands before procedures. Also, there was no significant relationship between personal protective equipment and some socio- demographic data. The researchers recommended training course regarding personal protective equipment by the ministry of health/infection control department and participants of symposia.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of documentation on current medical records of patients in Accident and Emergency Hospital of Sulaimani-Iraq","authors":"Delan Jamal Qader, F. H. Faraj","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The patient record is an essential patient data were the nursing documentation part is fundamental. .Competent nursing care is based on correct and complete records, and keeping record is an essential skill that needs to be developed by each and every health staff. The present study was conducted in order to assess the documentation on current medical patient’s records in the Accident and Emergency Hospital/Sulaimani city. A quantitative descriptive design. Research was accomplished, based on retrospective data made available by the Accident and Emergency Hospital. Non-probability (purposive sample) of 201 patient files were selected from 1,194 patient files during 6 months between Jun to December 2016.The present study showed that the face sheet was completely recorded about %95 which means satisfactory, other items which were recorded by physician such as chief complaint and history of present illness, radiology, laboratory, medication intervention report, consent forms, physical examination, and consultant report were unsatisfactorily recorded. Last items which were recorded by the nurse who working in Accident and Emergency Hospital medication and administration record and a graphic sheet of vital signs were unsatisfactorily recorded. Deficiency in documentation system and most of the provided medical and nursing care remains undocumented given numerous deficiencies in the documentation system. It is recommended the components of the nursing record tool can be utilized once a paperless system is implemented as planned in the hospital.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45957153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes after Surgery for Malignant Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","authors":"Omar H. Ghalib Hawramy, K. Abdullah, Barham M. M. Salih, Qalandar Hussein A. Kasnazani, D. Gharib, Dara Ahmed Mohammed","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.ichms.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.ichms.14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to declare the role of surgery in potentially curative malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, in term of prognosis, survival and complications after the surgical procedures. Does the surgery play a significant role in the best patient’s interest even in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors? Clinical and pathological factors that changed the outcomes were also analyzed. It is retrospective, case series study. All patients who were undergoing surgery for malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from 2013 to 2018. Results show that, sixteen patients were recruited with a mean age at diagnosis of 49.31 years, (ranging from 19-80 years). There were 8 male and 8 female patients. Common symptoms were abdominal pain 12 (75%) of them three cases had clinical jaundice 3 (18.8%) and one case had acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis. One (6.3%) patient had functional tumor, and the rest 15 (93.8%) were nonfunctional tumors; all of the patients were sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Overall morbidity was (43.8%) with no perioperative mortality. The median follow-up period was 23 months, ranging from 5-68 months. Recurrence occurred in four cases with a median disease-free interval of 9.5 moths with grade of differentiation (P-value 0.027), lymph node metastases (P-value 0.027) and tumor stage (P-value 0.017) were associated with recurrent disease. The overall 5 year survival was 81.2% and the disease free survival was (75%) at 5 year, with grade of tumor (P-value 0.001), lymph node metastases (P-value 0.001), invasion of other visceral organs(P-value 0.018) and recurrence (P-value 0.001)were associated with decreased survival. In conclusion, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have favorable long-term survival after surgical resections even in the presence of liver metastases depending on the grade of differentiation of tumor and lymph node metastases rather than liver metastases and other factors","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43333849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}