Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of Cosmetic Factors Contributing to Rhinoplasty among Both Genders in Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"A. Kamali, Hedi Hassan Rostam, A. Khdir, Omer Aula Mina","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2020.ICHMS2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"The most outstanding feature of face is the nose which is in furthering than any other feature to facial characteristics. Furthermore, the appealing aspects of the nose is an essential olfactory organ. Over and beyond the aesthetic and functional aspects the client's reaction to his/her own nose as well as the reaction of the people around to it impacts to the psychic characteristics. A non-probability purposive sample of this cross - sectional descriptive study was consisted of 100 young male and female in Kurdish ethnicity, their ages ranged between 21-25 years. The main objective of the study is conducted to assess the cosmetic factors, contribute to Rhinoplasty among both genders at Raparin District. The data collecting period were during the (December 15th, 2019 to January 5th, 2020). A self-administration questionnaire was used for data collection and it was designed according guidelines, literatures, and articles concerning Rhinoplasty; which consisted of 26 variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The study results revealed that most of participants (67%) were female when only (17%) of them were married, however, more than half (67%) were students. Whenever, they about (56%) were barely sufficient in their monthly income. Moreover, about (61%) of participants interested to surgically alter the appearance of their nose, closely two-third (74%) of participants wanted to surgically change the function of their nose. Therefore, almost (87%) of participant relatives have been operated with Rhinoplasty. Also, the study demonstrated there is a statistically significant relationship between cosmetic factors contributing to Rhinoplasty with age (p=0.035) and occupation (p=0.037). When, there were strongly statistically significant association between cosmetic un-functional factors contributing to Rhinoplasty with level of education (p=0.003). The study recommended to plastic surgeons evaluate patients carefully before Rhinoplasty surgery to get rid of unnecessary surgeries because there are lots of complications related to Rhinoplasty and the psychological needs of the patients who undergo Rhinoplasty should be considered.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49458022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Spike and Envelope Proteins for a Number of Bat Coronaviruses for Understanding the Hypothesis of Possible Origin for the Novel 2019-nCoV","authors":"S. Ibrahim Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) emergence reveals  globally a great health issue and due to the limited information and knowledge on the origin of this novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the evolution and analysis of molecular epidemiology for both Spike and Envelope proteins of 20 available complete genome sequences of different bat coronaviruses including 2019-nCoV in order to find out which type of bat coronaviruses is more likely to be the origin of this new 2019-nCoV and also multiple amino acid sequences of Envelope protein for all bat coronaviruses were aligned for the purpose of finding the greater probability of novel 2019-nCoV original host   among bat coronaviruses. Phylogenetic tree analysis for Spike protein revealed that all 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses isolated from these species of species are discovered in China and Hong Kong and the Middle East bat are less likely to contribute in spreading or to become the origin of 2019-nCoV and all coronaviruses that from Hong Kong and China are located into one clade next to the clade that contains 2019-nCoV coronaviruses which indicates that this group of coronaviruses are genetically different for 2019-nCoV; moreover, Hong Kong and USA bat coronaviruses does not contain the bat coronavirus from China and are located into one clade far from the clade that contains 2019-nCoV indicates that all coronaviruses are genetically very different from 2019-nCoV, and USA bat coronavirus may has no role in generating of 2019-nCoV. The phylogenetic trees analysis of Envelope protein showed that Envelope protein of different coronaviruses are more similar in comparison to Spike protein, USA bat coronavirus has a relatively closeness relationship to 2019-nCoV. Furthermore, Envelope protein alignment showed the closely related amino acid sequence which confirms that the outcomes of phylogenetic tree analysis in which that these bat coronaviruses have genetically close relationship together and more interestingly amino acid sequence (MG772934.1) shows 100% identity with the amino acid sequence of 2019-nCoV (NC 045512.2) and the same virus has a close relationship in both Spike and Envelope due to that in both phylogenetic tree analysis are neighbored with 2019-nCoV in the same clade. ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43050718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Rod Shaped Gram-negative Hospital Acquired Bacterial Infection and Antibiotic Resistance: A Retrospective Based Population Study","authors":"Kamal Jalal Rashid","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.9","url":null,"abstract":"The gram-negative, especially rod shapes vary in the frequencies that they cause the most frequent types of hospital-acquired infection: pneumonia, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, diabetic infection, burn and bloodstream infection. The presented study determined the microbial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolated from various infection sites in hospitalized patients in Sulaimani city. This study included 735 patients who underwent surgical and wound treatment admitted to the hospital. A microbiological standard technique was used for Identification, isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility. The data in this job were scaled into excel sheets and transferred to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 24.0 software. The significance of associations between variables and predictor done by Chi-square (χ2). P-value of <0.05 was regarded significant. Male was the most common cases 52.5%. Patients less than 18 years-old were the most frequently affected 54.3%. Gram negative infection is the most common and most serious complication of burn injuries and it is the majority suspected clinical finding nearly to 60%. The most common bacteria separatedd from wound and sepsis were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 91.91%. Individual pathogens’ incidence differ significantly between location of infection p<0.001. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, only resistant stabled at the lowest rates for Colistine and Imepenim (0.1% and 7.8%) and significant finding was confirmed p<0.001. But highly resistance to Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid, Cefepime, Tobramycin, and Gentamicin (85.6%, 80.8%, 79.3%, 79.2%) .In conclusion, these population-based study gram-negative infections predominate in burn wounds. Microbial resistance to the confirmed drugs leads to repeated antimicrobial treatment modifications and long-time of treatments.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90580224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Polymorphism In A Promoter Of MBL2 Gene Result In Lower MBL Expression In Chronic Infection Caused By HCV","authors":"Paywast Jamal Jalal","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.13","url":null,"abstract":"The Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) is an active protein in the immune system. The PRRs that secreted in the liver and we addressed were L-ficolin, MBL and H-ficolin. Previous studies revealed that both MBL and L-ficolin were hampered the HCV entry and infectivity. However, H-ficolin impact still needs to be addressed more so as determining their role during HCV infection. For these purposes, we aimed to determine the effect of different level in the serum of these proteins on the HCV infection and treatment outcome. Initially, we selected (25) HCV positive patients and (25) HCV negative control patients from the Trent Cohort and Regional Haemophiliac Study and to present the differences in serum concentrations of MBL, H- and L-ficolin. The level of these proteins was measured by ELISA method and compared with each other based on the detected SNPs by PCR and sequencing methods in the responsible genes. Our results showed that the polymorphism at position -221 in the MBL2 promoter significantly reduce the level of MBL protein more than the SNP at position -551. Interestingly, a new deletion of six nucleotides [AGGAAG] detected in the promoter at position -319 to -324 that succeeded by four other mutations at position -328, -336, -349 and -427 in most of the analyzed sequences. The 6bp deletion was statistically decreasing the concentration of MBL below 1µg.mL-1, precisely among non-responder patients. In conclusion, the existence of the new deletion in the promoter region of MBL2 gene and the additional newly detected polymorphisms, reduce the level of MBL protein and as a result impacts on the response to treatment among HCV-infected patients.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89163208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kurdish Language Learning Tool in Serious Game","authors":"Gulala Ali Hama Amin, K. Sharif","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this era, technology has a great impact on the educational system as they have on the other different areas of today’s life, for instance, smartphone devices are the best examples. Software technology vendors moving toward developing tremendous applications in the education field. However, the lack of applications that satisfy the ambition of those wishing to learn the Kurdish language is still an obstacle in this field, specifically the field of smartphone devices technology and gaming industry. Hence smartphone devices become user-friendly and necessary tools in every individuals’ life, as it is a multi-function device. In this paper we designed and implemented a smartphone application to learn the Kurdish language and improve vocabulary via a serious game. The application designed for android devices, enables users to learn and improve the Kurdish language. The application is also suitable for foreign people who desire to learn the Kurdish language. The system proposed in this paper introduces a smartphone application with an acceptable user interface for an exciting, interesting and challenging puzzle game at a time. The main goal is to learn Kurdish vocabulary using crossword puzzle, solving hidden words, find and circle the crossword in the puzzle solution in the context of a serious game.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Walkability in Sulaimani City Center","authors":"Roza Abdullatif Radha, R. Mohammed-Amin, Alan Faraydoon Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Walkability within urban design and planning context refers to urban environments that are friendly and supportive for the pedestrian. Walkable environments offer many economic, social, health, and environmental benefits and contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In public places, including city centers, walkability is a major asset for making them vibrant by attracting and maintaining pedestrians, including tourists. It is no coincidence that the top tourist destinations and livable cities as well as popular city centers and streets all share walkability character. Walkability quality in city center streets and any urban environment require planning. Good planning needs to be informed by measuring and assessing the state of walkability in existing streets and environments. While the literature presents systematic walkability assessment studies from different city centers of developed and developing countries, such studies are rare in the context of many other developing regions and countries like the Kurdistan Region and the rest of Iraq. Since walkability character can be contextual and affected by different socio-economic and environmental factors and dynamics, systematic and comprehensive assessment of under-researched environments and city centers are essential. To address this gap in the literature, this study systematically assesses the state of walkability in the city center of Sulaimani, the cultural capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and a UNESCO creative city in literature. This paper report results from assessing and comparing the physical characters of the six major interconnecting streets (Mawlawy, Kawa, Sabunkaran, Peramerd, Goran, and Bekas streets) in the center of Sulaimani city. The assessment considers the five main walkability factors of function, safety, destination, aesthetic, and comfort identified from the literature.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46257139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Tumors Diagnosis Utilizing Case Based Reasoning and The Expert System","authors":"Roza Fuad Majeed, Soran Saeed, Dana Abdulmajeed Abdilkarim, H. M. sidqi","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Skin cancer is considered as the most type of cancer that happens in humans. Three basic types of cancer occur which are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Skin cancer leads to death if it is not diagnosed in an early stage. Fortunately, early diagnosis of skin cancer raises the survival rate of victims. Computer-aided has a great role to detect skin cancer which leads to saving human life. Based on that, this study proposes a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system that detects skin cancer using digital images, techniques of image processing, by using the case-based reasoning and expert system. The main goal for designing this system is to create a cheap, easy-to-use, and relatively accurate system for detecting skin cancer in an early stage to save human life, raises the survival rate, and decreases the cost of the dermoscopy test.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42695871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of New High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analytical Technique For Separation of Diclofenac Sodium and Lidocaine Hydrochloride From Ampoule Injection","authors":"M. A. Salih, Dlivan Fatah Aziz, S. Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2020.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the current investigation, a number of chromatographic methods with the accurate, precise and specific criteria have been developed and validated for diclofenac sodium and lidocaine hydrochloride Commitment of their large quantities ampule of pharmaceutical dosage form. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system was performed at 25 ° C; with appropriate chromatographic isolation accomplished through the use of Waters Symmetry SB-C7 column with a mobile phase containing 0.1 M sodium acetate and methanol (40:60) (v/v). During development the portable stage was delivered at a stream rate of 1 mL/min, the wavelength was adjusted at 254 nm. First of all, the retention times for diclofenac sodium and lidocaine HCl were about 4.1 and 10.8 min accordingly. A performance and technical demonstration of the suggested Revers phase-HPLC method has been numerically challenged with support to process appropriateness, verticality, scales, simplicity, repeatability, sensitivity, stability, discovery and limits of quantification. In addition, the calibration curves for diclofenac sodium active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with linear regressions > 0,999895 obtained linear in the distances 1870-5600 μg / mL. Moreover, for determining of lidocaine HCl drug, a range of 500 - 1500 μg/mL of working standard was used, the result showed for lidocain HCl that a linear curve with correlation coefficients of > 0.99980. Finally, the both drugs were isolated and resolute with selective and stable characteristics by the proposed technique. In the conclusion, successful validation of the HPLC approach has been demonstrated with high precision and accuracy for the assessment of both the mixed dosage form type of both diclofenac sodium and lidocaine HCl.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44238772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of school closure on transmission of COVID-19. A rapid systematic review","authors":"Zana Faris Muhammed","doi":"10.24017/covid.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/covid.12","url":null,"abstract":"Globally school closure is one of the social distancing strategies used to mitigate transmission of pandemic novel corona virus (COVID-19) among school populations. However, there are uncertainties around when, how and for how long schools need to be closed. There is limited evidence for the impact of school closure on the number of cases and spread of COVID-19 to inform management of future outbreaks.  Several databases were searched using an adapted search strategy to obtain studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A large number of studies were found and they were quality appraised.  Eight good quality studies were identified and these were reviewed. The studies that contained the desired outcomes were three epidemiological studies, and five modeling studies using actual data that making assumptions about changes in transmission dynamics after school closure is applied. The results show that schools were closed for different timings related to the peak epidemics. School closure almost reduced the transmission of the COVID-19. Delay in closing schools and combinations with other control and management measures may affect the likelihood of drawing consistent conclusions about the effectiveness of school closure on COVID-19.     ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the performance of big data databases","authors":"D. R. Arif, Nzar Abdulqadir Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2019.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time monitoring systems utilize two types of database, they are relational databases such as MySQL and non-relational databases such as MongoDB. A relational database management system (RDBMS) stores data in a structured format using rows and columns. It is relational because the values of the tables are connected. A non-relational database is a database that does not adopt the relational structure given by traditional. In recent years, this class of databases has also been referred to as Not only SQL (NoSQL).  This paper discusses many comparisons that have been conducted on the execution time performance of types of databases (SQL and NoSQL). In SQL (Structured Query Language) databases different algorithms are used for inserting and updating data, such as indexing, bulk insert and multiple updating. However, in NoSQL different algorithms are used for inserting and updating operations such as default-indexing, batch insert, multiple updating and pipeline aggregation. As a result, firstly compared with related papers, this paper shows that the performance of both SQL and NoSQL can be improved. Secondly, performance can be dramatically improved for inserting and updating operations in the NoSQL database compared to the SQL database. To demonstrate the performance of the different algorithms for entering and updating data in SQL and NoSQL, this paper focuses on a different number of data sets and different performance results. The SQL part of the paper is conducted on 50,000 records to 3,000,000 records, while the NoSQL part of the paper is conducted on 50,000 to 16,000,000 documents (2GB) for NoSQL. In SQL, three million records are inserted within 606.53 seconds, while in NoSQL this number of documents is inserted within 67.87 seconds. For updating data, in SQL 300,000 records are updated within 271.17 seconds, while for NoSQL this number of documents is updated within just 46.02 seconds. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46550229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}