Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research最新文献_第6页

The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Investment Projects Case Study: Kurdistan Region of Iraq 金融危机对投资项目的影响——以伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区为例

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.10

Amanj Jalal Faiq

{"title":"The Effect of the Financial Crisis on Investment Projects Case Study: Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Amanj Jalal Faiq","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic and international investments are critical for a country's economic growth since they facilitate the transfer of technology, job creation, increase the exports of goods, and services. The financial crisis in Kurdistan region has several economic consequences for domestic and foreign investments, especially on the investment projects throughout: the rate of capital, the numbers of projects, the rate of sectors distribution, nationality investors and the distribution of projects on governors. Since 2014, the Kurdistan region faced financial and economic crisis, which had a huge negative effect on investment projects. As a result, the influence of the investment projects of economic development suffered from fluctuation and instability. This study attempts to evaluate the effect of financial crises on investment projects in Kurdistan regional which are implemented by domestic and foreign investors. To accomplish this objective the statistical technique and economic analysis was applied for annual time series data from 2006 to 2017 by applying the compound annual growth rate Gordon growth model (CAGR). This study finds that the financial crisis has a huge negative effect on local and international investment initiatives.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47113709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An Online Course Registration and Advisory Systems based on Students’ Personal and Social Constraints 基于学生个人与社会约束的在线课程注册与咨询系统

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.8

Bamo Nadir Faraj, Aree Ali Muhammed

{"title":"An Online Course Registration and Advisory Systems based on Students’ Personal and Social Constraints","authors":"Bamo Nadir Faraj, Aree Ali Muhammed","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Komar University of Science and Technology (KUST) is among very few universities in Iraq that follows the prerequisite system which is very common in the tertiary level institutions around the world. In such kinds of systems, the prerequisites represent a one or set of courses a student must have completed in order to be able to enrol on a specific course. Although these kinds of systems give total freedom to students on when and how they are going to take courses, deciding which course to take that serves in the best interest of the student is very challenging and sometimes time consuming.This paper presents a web based system developed and implemented by KUST facilitating course registration for the students and administrative staff such that the best possible schedule and course/section combination is presented to the students considering their personal constraints and course requirements. To assist students to make proper decisions the system provides them with collected and analyzed historical data about each offered course such as passing rate of the course, the number of selected friends who registered for and marked the course as favorite and how many courses the selected course is prerequisite of. The collected data is gathered from the currently in place database containing course registration data since spring 2016 which is believed to be adequate to produce accurate results.The system also has the role of academic advisor, which plays an important role in the students’ academic life. Since traditional advising requires extra effort, times and sometimes the suggestion that comes from an academic advisor might not be in the best interest of students due to the lack of information about the student’s academic background or not having sufficient time advising a large number of students in a short window of registration period.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46253810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Between the MEWMA and Mahalanobis Distance Control Chart MEWMA与马氏距离控制图的比较

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.9

K. Rashid

{"title":"Comparative Between the MEWMA and Mahalanobis Distance Control Chart","authors":"K. Rashid","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical Process Control (SPC) is approaching that uses statistical techniques to monitor the process. The methods of quality control are widely used in controlling any strategy—the widely used control charts. A traditional variable control chart includes three lines: the Centre Line (CL), the Upper Control Limit (UCL), and the Lower Control Limit (LCL), all of which are represented by numeric values—represented by numeric values. A control chart illustrates the centerline of the average value of the quality feature under investigation. \u0000Depending on numeric observation values, a process is either \"in control\" or \"out of control.\" \u0000 Considering the current, there are no questions regarding the observations and their values during the production process. However, when these observations include human judgments, assessments, and choices, a continuous random variable (xi) of a manufacturing process should be made up of the variable. \u0000The MEWMA and Mahalanobis distance control chart techniques are used when more than one variable is involved. \u0000This paper aims to compare the MEWMA and Mahalanobis distance chart for three compounds for water drinking production in the ALA -Factory in the Sulaimani-Iraq region. \u0000So, linguistic terms can be used instead of the exact value of the continuous random variable. Today, quality control has become one of the most essential techniques for studying all variables to control production or consumption decision factors. Quality control's primary aim is to guarantee that the goods, services, or processes delivered satisfy particular standards and are reliable and satisfactory. The factor's direct approach is based on the product's quality.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pear Fruits Ripening Response to Ethylene and Temperature Treatments 乙烯和温度处理对梨果实成熟的影响

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.7

Ikbal Muhammed Gharib Tahir

{"title":"Pear Fruits Ripening Response to Ethylene and Temperature Treatments","authors":"Ikbal Muhammed Gharib Tahir","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"A factorial experiment with complete randomized design carried out in Erbil governorate, Iraq on two varieties of pears (Pyrus communis L.) spadona and compote cv. to investigate the effects of ethylene and temperature treatments on fruits ripening. The experiment includes four treatments; the control (cold storage at 0±1 C° and 85-90 relative humidity), the second was putting the fruits in ambient temperature with exposure to ethylene gas (300 mg/l) for 24 hours, third and fourth treatments were putting the fruits in the ripening cabinet at 20 C° either for 8 days, or 12 days. Results indicate that compote variety was differing significantly in decreasing weight loss and fruits firmness and increasing fruits peel pigments content and peroxidase enzyme activity compared to spadona variety. Slower ripening process was gained from cold storage treatment where the fruits remain non-ripened compared to other treatments, whereas ripening fruits at 20C° for 12 days fastened the ripening process by giving highest TSS, and lowest fruits firmness, in addition to percent of weight loss. For the condition of northern Iraq, the best treatment for ripening pear fruits is treating with ethylene gas or ripening the fruits at 20C° for 8 days.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47396588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Light Intensity on Tobacco Responses to Drought Stress 光照强度对烟草干旱胁迫反应的影响

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-10-06 DOI: 10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.2.1

Brwa Rasool

{"title":"Influence of Light Intensity on Tobacco Responses to Drought Stress","authors":"Brwa Rasool","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of high irradiance, drought stress and their cross-talk were explored in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tobaccum) grown under low light (250 μmol m-2 s-1) irradiance (LL) and high (1600 μmol m-2 s-1) irradiance (HL) then exposed to water deficient condition for 7 or 14 days. The detached leaves of HL-treated plants showed less water loss compared to LL plants. The HL-treated and 7 days drought-stressed plants had higher fresh and dry weights, as well as water content than the LL and drought-stressed leaves. The survival rate in 21 days drought-stressed plants after 3 days of re-watering was 50% in HL-grown and 0% in LL-grown plants. \u0000A transcriptome profiling analysis of the tobacco responses to light intensity highlights the increased abundance of a large group of drought-related transcripts including DROUGHT-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTORS (DREBs), C-REPEAT/DROUGHT-RESPONSIVE BINDING FACTOR 1 (CBF1), GLYCINE-RICH RNA BINDING PROTEINS (GRPs), WRKY33 and MYCs transcription factors, as well as zeaxanthin epoxidase, which play as a regulator of plant responses to water deficient condition. \u0000These findings identify light-dependent changes in the cell redox state that limit water loss and enhance plant responses to drought stress.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45903439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Middle hepatic vein incorporation in live donor liver graft transplantation; implication and safety 肝中静脉掺入活体供肝移植；含义与安全

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.1.14

Mahmoud Ali Abdi, T. Kareem, A. Hassoun

{"title":"Middle hepatic vein incorporation in live donor liver graft transplantation; implication and safety","authors":"Mahmoud Ali Abdi, T. Kareem, A. Hassoun","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: In this study, we have used the middle hepatic vein with the right lobe, and we studied the venous outflow dynamics immediately after transplant retrospectively meanwhile we studied the impact of the graft function on donor functionality and overall donor safety. \u0000Method: Between October 2017 to October 2020, we performed 40 adult to adult live donor liver transplants at Zheen International Hospital (Erbil, Kurdistan Region). Postoperative Doppler ultrasound was performed for recipients and donors immediately after surgery and then daily until discharge. \u0000Results: The donor age (28.5 ± 6.9) year, male/ female 19/ 21, intensive care unit stay (1.2 ± 0.43), floor stay (5.2 ± 1.4) days, their portal vein velocity (43.5 ± 18.4 ml/sec), hepatic artery resistive index (0.6 ± 0.09) and triphasic/ continuous venous outflow 30/10, their postoperative day one and at the discharge total serum bilirubin were (2.8 ± 1.8) and (2 ± 1.4), their postoperative day one and at the discharge international normalization ratio were (1.7 ± 0.5) and (1.2 ± 0.2) respectively. The recipient age (48.5 ± 11.3), male/female 27/13, intensive care unit stay (4.75 ± 3.9), floor stay (7.7 ± 3.7) days, portal vein velocity (63.96 ± 24.65 ml/sec), hepatic artery peak systolic velocity (74.76 ± 32.85) hepatic artery resistive index (0.7 ± 0.15), and triphasic/continuous venous outflow 27/13. \u0000Conclusions: Middle hepatic vein incorporation in live donor liver graft is safe with a favorable outcome for recipient and donor, doppler US is one the important tool for evaluation and follow up of donor and recipient for detection of vascular complications and assessment of venous outflow and graft function. In addition, early discharge of the donor is a reasonable option. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47461744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of timing of stoma closure on low anterior resection syndrome in patient who underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer 直肠癌症低位前切除术患者吻合口关闭时机对低位前切除综合征的影响

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.1.13

Hemn H. Kaka Ali, Q. H. Abdulkarim, Karzan Seerwan, Barham M. M. Salih, Omar H. Ghalib Hawramy, Dara Ahmed Mohammed, Syamand Orhaman Ahmed

{"title":"The impact of timing of stoma closure on low anterior resection syndrome in patient who underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer","authors":"Hemn H. Kaka Ali, Q. H. Abdulkarim, Karzan Seerwan, Barham M. M. Salih, Omar H. Ghalib Hawramy, Dara Ahmed Mohammed, Syamand Orhaman Ahmed","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"This is a multi-center retrospective study of patients underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Ileostomy had been done to protect low lying Colo-rectal anastomosis, closure of ileostomy had been delayed in some patients due to patient own will, surgical complications (anastomotic leak) or coarse of chemotherapy. This study aimed to find the effect of temporary ileostomy on post-operative bowel defunction which is called Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), and include; urgency, difficulty in emptying of bowel, and incontinence for feces and flatus. A total of 50 patients included in this study, the age ranges from the 19 to 80 years old with a mean age of 51.96 years. The total number of males was (33, %66). Majority of patients were overweight (21, 42%). The distance of tumors from the anal verge were less than 10 cm in (31,62%). The mean duration of fecal diversion was 7.17 months. Loop ileostomy were closed before six months in (27,54%). The mean duration of diversion of patients developed no LARS was 6.87 months which is shorter than those of developed LARS (7.31). Lower BMI patients are more prone to develop LARS, while Obese patients are more susceptible to develop major LARS. Nineteen cases developed LARS among those patient’s ileostomy closed before six months, and 15 cases developed LARS in those ileostomies closed after six months. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43502249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shadi Park Renovation with Social Development Emphasis: A Case Study Halabja City, Iraq 以社会发展为重点的Shadi公园改造——以伊拉克哈拉布贾市为例

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.12

M. Mustafa, M. Faraji, Zaniar Jamal Salih, Muhammed S. Rasheed

{"title":"Shadi Park Renovation with Social Development Emphasis: A Case Study Halabja City, Iraq","authors":"M. Mustafa, M. Faraji, Zaniar Jamal Salih, Muhammed S. Rasheed","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of urbanization and the lack of open spaces in cities, urban green spaces have become very important, especially in recent decades. Among urban green spaces, parks are important because they have leisure and recreational functions, and the favorable physical and mental effects on humans have been proven today. Depreciation of materials, park equipment, destruction of vegetation and lifestyle changes over time have changed the needs and desires of the people and caused the old parks do not meet the needs of citizens. Today, improving parks is a new approach that makes parks matches the demands human beings have evolved over time with the advancement of technology. Shadi Park in Iraq is one of the regional urban parks; the lack of its design, as well as the wear and tear of some uses, lack of optimal lighting system and various uses by different age groups reduces the number of visits. In this research, based on field perceptions of the park and public opinion polls, prioritization and solutions to strengthen the presence of people has been pointed out. The results of the questionnaire indicate the priority of people's demands, the most important of which include: building a sports venue for women, proper service of restaurants and cafes during the day and night, the presence of swimming pools and fountains in the park, parking at the entrances, space allocation to hold cultural and artistic festivals.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46010515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potassium Adsorption Phenomenon in Calcareous Soils of Shahrazur Plain 沙赫拉祖尔平原钙质土壤对钾的吸附现象

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.10

K. Saeed

{"title":"Potassium Adsorption Phenomenon in Calcareous Soils of Shahrazur Plain","authors":"K. Saeed","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A laboratory study for adsorption of potassium (K) determination was conducted on six soils located in Sharazur plain from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in 2021 using the batch technique method. Potassium (K) adsorption isotherms were achieved by equilibrating 5.0 g of soil samples with eight grades of K (0 to 300 mg L-1) as KCl in 50 ml of 0.01M CaCl2 solution. To match the data of adsorption, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used. The results show that the amount of adsorbed K ranged between (45.78 to 52.49) % added K. The Freundlich model fit the equilibrium K adsorption data better for the Serwan location of soil (silty loam), as demonstrated by a greater coefficient of determination (R2 =0.90). The value of heterogeneity factor 1/n for the Freundlich model ranged from (0.34 to 0.47) kg mg-1, which was less than one. The sorption processes for all of the studied soils were normal adsorption. The constant of the Langmuir isotherm (KL) aligned from (0.107 to o.425) L mg-1. Smaller KL values mean that more adsorbed K would be transformed to a non-exchangeable form, either through the creation of crystalline K or through ion occultation. The RL values indicate the type of isotherm, the values of RL> 1 that means the adsorption nature to be unfavorable. The Temkin equilibrium binding constant (AT) was high for all studied soils except the soils of Bestan Sur and Grdigo locations, the high value of AT indicates high binding energy. The Temkin constant (bT) ranged from (10.46 to 13.47) J mole-1 that was related to the nature of the adsorption energy, a positive value indicates that the adsorption process is exothermic. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48505630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The assessment of hepatic mineral composition in sheep, cattle, chicken, and fish in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区埃尔比勒市羊、牛、鸡和鱼肝脏矿物质组成的评价

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.6

A. Hussein

{"title":"The assessment of hepatic mineral composition in sheep, cattle, chicken, and fish in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq","authors":"A. Hussein","doi":"10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/SCIENCE.2021.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Liver mineral concentrations of 232 samples from slaughtered animals, including lamb, yearling, sheep, and cattle, checkin, and fish were detrmined, using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, to provide data regarding to the liver mineral concentrations (mg/kg dry weight). The mean liver Zn and Co liver conentrations of lambs (286, 1.9), yearling (233, 1.7), sheep (254, 1.8), and cattle (276, 1.8) in majority samples were adequate, while liver Pb concentrations of mentioned animals (45.3, 48.1, 46.4, 39.6) mg/kg respectively were high and exceeded toxic levels. In checkin, the mean liver Cu, Zn, and Co were also adequate, with the mean values of (26.4), (298.8), and (1.8) mg/kg respectively. Though, the mean liver Fe concentration (2257.0 mg/kg) was high, and liver Pb concentration (6.2 mg/kg) was reched toxic level. In fish, for majority liver samples, the mean concentration of Cu (191.8), Fe (6800.0), Zn (202.8), Co (3.3), Pb (8.6), and Ni (6.3) were high and toxic. In conclusion, liver Pb (and Ni only in fish) concentration in all studied animals for the majority of examined sample were higher than normal and toxic. Wherese, other studied minerals in majority of liver samples were adequate. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are problems on animal and human health (due to high concentration of Pb and Ni) would be raised at present from the consumption of ovine, bovine, checkin, and fish slaughtered from the city of Erbil.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47198687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0