Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes used in Kurdistan for Piping System of Potable Water","authors":"Sarkawt Rostam Hassan","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are recently used in the water distribution network in Kurdistan to replace the old pipes. In this investigation, two types of HDPE pipes (namely A and B) available in the local market have been studied and their properties were compared. Mechanical properties through tensile tests have been investigated and valuable data were collected that could provide a guideline reference for the designers and end-users utilizing these pipes for water supply networks. Furthermore, the HDPE samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that the ultimate tensile strength recorded for pipe B was greater than pipe A by 8%. Besides, both the elongation at break and strain at break for pipe A was outperformed by almost 6%. On the other hand, the tests showed that the transition from elasticity behavior to ductility behavior for pipe B occurs earlier in comparison to pipe A. It was noted from the gathered information that the two tested pipes were within the standards with variations in their characteristics. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiological characteristics coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Halabja province/Kurdistan -Iraq","authors":"O. Shareef, Othman A. Mohammed, Dashty Aziz Ghafor, A. Ali, H. R. Baqi, Ali A. Ali, A. Faraj, Syamand A. Qadir, Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabary","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The new highly transmitted pathogenic viral infection started from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization publicized that it is phylogenetically belonging to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), introduced as COVID-19 pandemic disease, and spread around the world. The first confirmed case in Kurdistan region was on 1st of March, 2020. While the first COVID-19 case in Halabja province/Kurdistan region was recorded on 27th of March, 2020. This study was designed, when the Wafa Hospital constructed in Halabja/Kurdistan region for infected patients. The data were collected from 14th April to the end of December, 2020 and included name and age of the infected persons. Samples were obtained nasopharyngeal using a sterilized swab following WHO guidelines and then the real time PCR (RT-PCR) machine was used for analysis. This study was particularly representing the impact of COVID-19 on suspected person. It was focused on the susceptibility of suspected cases in Halabja province, according to ages and sexes. During the study, 5183 cases were tested, 2796 (54%) cases were confirmed as positive result and 2387 (46%) cases were negative, including all ages, males and females. Confirmed male cases among 3116 cases were 1646 (60.1%), and 1150 (39.9%) positive cases recorded among 2067 female tests. In addition, the ages of the tested cases were divided into 10 sub-groups (0-9) years old to (90-99) years old, subsequently. The result of this study for both sexes, revealed that, the most confirmed cases among (30-39) years group and (40-49) years group were (1521) and (1223) confirmed positive cases. The lowest cases were among over 80 years old   and below 9 years old (10, 3) confirmed cases. Besides, the confirmed cases for other age groups for both sexes were (50-59) years old was 397, (60-69) years old was 205, (70-79) was 77. Finally, the data showed that, the common confirmed cases were among groups 20-59 years old and the rare cases were under 9 and over 80 years.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction and Some Socio Demographic Characteristics in Sulaimani City","authors":"B. O. Sharif, Samir Y. Lafi","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Back ground: Coronary heart disease is one of the vital causes of morbidity and death in Iraq. Socioeconomic status is also affected by coronary heart disease. These risk factors in Sulaimani city of Iraq is remain uncertain. This is a shortage of study of master student. The current study’s main aims were to explore the potential association between several predisposing factors and heart attack in Sulaimani, Iraq, and to some socio demographic in this participant. 165 contributors who were attending to the Cardiac Specialty Hospital, (Coronary Care Unit), and they were definitely diagnosed as having MI participated in the current study between 2015 and 2016; in Sulaimani, Iraq.  The study was attentive on exploring the socioeconomic status, lifestyle, family history of heart attack and classical predisposing factors such as (Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, smoking cigarette, and dyslipidemia).   For collecting the data, the questionnaire was designed according reading literature and books. The tests of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Pearson and Spearman were used for the current data analysis. The finding: patients at the age of ≥61 years was a common group age for myocardial infarction. Sedentary lifestyle (81.8%) and smoking (Ex- passive and current smoking 69.7% was predominance. The prevalence of BMI > 25 was (75.15%). Hypertension accounted (61.2%), dyslipidemia (39.4%), and diabetes (20%) of the subjects. A positive first-degree history of classical MI risk factor of the participants was (54.5%, 39.2% and 28.4%) for hypertension, heart attack and diabetes, respectively. (98.2%) of the selected patients no eating fish. (56.4%, 58.8%) of them were not eating daily fruit and vegetable respectively.  Smoking was significant correlation with age, gender, level of education, and marital status (r = 0.34, 0.38, -0.23 and 0.17) respectively) (p value less than 0.05). Conclusions: In Sulaimani city of Iraq the strong predictors of heart attack were included:  sedentary lifestyle, high body mass index, positive family history, unhealthy diet, smoking cigarette, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Mellitus. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48381499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of Health Care Provider's Patient Safety Culture in Kurdistan/Iraq","authors":"Ismail Ahmed Ali, Shewaz Abdalrahman Hussein, Shelan Omar Ali, Fuaad Azad Muhamad","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, improving and promoting patient safety has been given a lot of attention in order to develop the standard of healthcare and conserve the clients from trauma. The study purposed to recognize the perception of the Health Care Provider (HCP) regarding patient safety culture. A quantitative design /descriptive method were carried out during the period from 12th to 24thJanuary 2019 at Rania teaching hospital. Data was collected through a hard copy self-managed survey form using the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC).Data was entered to SPSS and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The final study sample included 130 cases (74.5% response rate). The total mean positive answer rate for the hospital survey dimensions was (42.28%) with arrange of (79% - 4.6%). Approximately 60% of HCP was perceived patient safety culture practice negatively. However, only two dimensions from 11 had reached positive response rate by respondents which include teamwork within Units (76.2%) and organizational learning (79%) dimensions, while the lowest dimension’s positivity include the frequency of reporting errors (4.6%). Furthermore, more than half (64.6%) of the study sample estimated the grade of patient safety as agreeable level, also only two of the respondents (1.5%) rated excellent grades for patient safety in their hospitals. Almost, three fourths (75.8%) of study sample were reported that no events had reports in the previous year. Statistically, the results of the study showed a significant association among {educational status (p=0.006), work areas (p=0.014), staff position (P=0.001), and mean score of HSOPSC. These findings demonstrated that attitudes and perception of HCP about patient safety culture is extremely low. Fundamentally, there is a necessity for systemic change at the level of health organization and continuous training course for HCP to improve patient safety culture are strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47993323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of Nasturtium officinale and Allium polyanthum extracts against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in albino rats","authors":"Shkar Rzgar K.Rostam, Z. H. Ibrahim, Rebaz Rebwar Mala, Soran Qadir Abdul","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim: This study was designed to explore the potential hepatoprotective effects of Nasturtium officinale and Allium polyanthum plant extracts against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rat model. \u0000Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups: Normal control (NC), Positive control (Pos-C), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE), Allium polyanthum extract (APE), and NOE + APE. The animals were fed with a standard diet and distilled water ad libitum. Except for NC, all other groups were exposed to CCl4 at every 72 hours for 3 weeks to induce hepatic damage. Corresponding treatments were established to the respective groups during study period. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total serum bilirubin (TSB), Total protein (TP), Albumin (ALB) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in serum at the end of the study. Histopathological analysis of the liver sections was also determined. \u0000Results: CCl4-treated rats were showed significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of serum enzyme activities (AST, ALT, & ALP), TSB and MDA; reflecting the hepatocellular damage caused by CCl4 compared with NC rats, whereas   the levels of TP and ALB were decreased. Furthermore, the histological examination of liver tissues showed that CCl4 triggered several histological variations in the liver tissues.  Treatments of NOE and APE along with CCl4 for 3 weeks significantly (P<0.05) improved the CCl4-induced changes in serum biochemical parameters and liver histology as compared to Pos-C rats indicating the protection of hepatic cells. \u0000Conclusion: Treatments of NOE and APE either in separate or in combination have shown significant improvement in CCl4-induced hepatopathy in experimental rats as evidenced by observed results in serum and hepatic histopathological examinations","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy and Child History in Dr Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital Sulaimani /Iraq","authors":"A. Abdulkareem","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a chronic neurological illness that is the most prevalent severe brain problem worldwide .The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of certain risk variables for epilepsy in children in Sulaimani City, such as age, gender, head trauma, nervous system infectious diseases including meningitis and unusual perinatal history, low birth weight, neonate respiratory failure, neonatal seizure, socioeconomic status, as well as parent consanguinity. This research was created based on 104 cases (where 51 of the patients were male, while 53 of the patients were female) among the inpatient and outpatient neurology unit of Dr. Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric teaching Hospital from 20/12/2020 to 29/4/2021 . In this research, all the children were evaluated, as well as their medical & personal information were collected .A relation between the phenomenon of epilepsy with numerous risk factors were made; the ratio was calculated to determine the essential variables linked with epilepsy. Data was collected through interviewing of the patients then analyzed through the application statistical analysis descriptive. Results: age, head trauma, gender, febrile, positive family history for epilepsy, unusual perinatal history, and neonatal infection has been shown to have a statistically significant link to epilepsy. Conclusion: The majority of the samples was aged between six to ten while most of them were the middle child of their families. The results of survey also showed that most of the children were diagnosed between ages one to five while most of the samples have a generalized seizure. On the other hand, there was a statistical significant association between febrile convulsion and family history of epilepsy depending. \u0000Recommendation: Health staff (maternity staff) should not be excessively forced to pull the child's delivery. Informing the child's parents about the disease so that they do not become worried about any neurological disorders, our recommendation for staff working neurology field neurologist when such child enter the hospital immediately and quickly and get the necessary treatment.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42698414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kalar1 and Kalar2, newly released wheat varieties for cultivation under rain-fed conditions","authors":"Star Ali Awtaq, Ali Shamsullah Azeez, Yadgar Ali Mahmood, Narmeen Rashid Abdulkareem, Khalil Musa Jamal","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Improving new varieties plays an important role to increase the productivity of wheat grain yield in Iraq. Garmian region as a semi-arid area is extremely suffering with low wheat yield production as a result of continuing yield potential reduction of the local cultivars over the time. This project was conducted at the Directory of Garmian Agricultural Research to develop new cultivars through four field trials from 2009 to 2013. In the selection phase, 50 lines of Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nurseries (16th FAWWON-IR) were screened, and three superior lines (SL1; CH75479/SARDARI-HD74, SL2; CATBERD/CNO79*2/HEF1, and SL3; ID800994.W/VEE/5/CA8055/4/ROMTAST/BON/3/DIBO//SU) to the best local check (Aras) for grain yield, thousand grain weight, anthesis date and plant height were selected for testing in three field trials of comparison phase. Averaging over years, the results of this project significantly confirmed that two of the selected lines (SL1 and SL2) performed superior (4.24 and 4.73 t h-1, respectively) to the local check (Aras; 2.83 t h-1) with regards to grain yield production by about 50-60% (P < 0.001). This superiority of the selected lines compared to the local check was due to significant longer spike through increasing grain number (P < 0.001), and wider flag-leaf area which leads to assimilate more CO2 to the grain during grain filling duration (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the superior genotypes (SL1 and SL2) were then qualified for identification and officially released (Reference Number 192, dated November 21, 2018) as new cultivars namely Kalar1 (SL1) and Kalar2 (SL2) by the National Committee for Recording and Protecting Agricultural Varieties in Iraq for the climate of Garmian region.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49661811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Proposed Hybrid Algorithm for detecting COVID-19 Patients","authors":"A. A. Hassan, Tarik A Rashid","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, one of the most dangerous pandemics, is currently affecting humanity. COVID-19 is spreading rapidly due to its high reliability transmissibility. Patients who test positive more often have mild to severe symptoms such as a cough, fever, raw throat, and muscle aches. Diseased people experience severe symptoms in more severe cases. such as shortness of breath, which can lead to respiratory failure and death. Machine learning techniques for detection and classification are commonly used in current medical diagnoses. However, for treatment using neural networks based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), known as PSONN, the accuracy and performance of current models must be improved. This hybridization implements Particle Swarm Optimization and a neural network to improve results while slowing convergence and improving efficiency. The purpose of this study is to contribute to resolving this issue by presenting the implementation and assessment of Machine Learning models. Using Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization to help in the detection of COVID-19 in its early stages. To begin, we preprocessed data from a Brazilian dataset consisted primarily of early-stage symptoms. Following that, we implemented Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. We used precision, accuracy score, recall, and F-Measure tests to evaluate the Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. Based on the comparison, this paper grouped the top seven ML models such as Neural Networks, Logistic Regression, Nave Bayes Classifier, Multilayer Perceptron, Support Vector Machine, BF Tree, Bayesian Networks algorithms and measured feature importance, and other, to justify the differences between classification models. Particle Swarm Optimization with Neural Network is being deployed to improve the efficiency of the detection method by more accurately predicting COVID-19 detection. Preprocessed datasets with important features are then fed into the testing and training phases as inputs. Particle Swarm Optimization was used for the training phase of a neural net to identify the best weights and biases. On training data, the highest rate of accuracy gained is 0.98.738 and on testing data, it is 98.689. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42387487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fresh and Mechanical Characteristics of Eco-efficient Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating Nano-silica: An Overview","authors":"H. Sharif","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology can be regarded as one of the most active studies regions with both novel technological know-how and useful packages which have gradually received attention, especially over the past two many years. The nanotechnology development offers new performance to the materials. Recently efforts have been made to incorporate nanoparticles in construction materials to enhance properties and produce concrete with improved performance. progress in the improvement of geopolymer concrete is fast becoming a feasible alternative to conventional cement-based totally concrete because geopolymer concrete is measured as an eco-efficient green concrete that consumes a large quantity of commercial and agro byproduct substances consisting of fly ash, floor granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash. To improve the overall performance of geopolymer concrete several methods have been investigated including using nanomaterials to enhance the chemical reactivity of the geopolymer concrete mixture and provide fine particles to fill nanopores and voids. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review was carried out on the impact of nano-silica inclusion on the fresh and the mechanical characteristics of geopolymer concrete. So that current and The majority of the most current studies previously published were investigated to draw attention to the influences of nano-silica on the workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Based on the analyzed data, the incorporation of nano-silica affected the fresh properties adversely while improves the mechanical performance up to the appropriate dosage of geopolymer concrete.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46815003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LoRa: A Proposed Connectivity Technology for Internet of Things Applications in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Sarko Salahadin Ahmad, Bakhtiar Ibrahim Saeed","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most important trends of this century. Recent advances in many different communication technologies and protocols, and access to low-cost and low-power microcontrollers and sensors have made it more prevalent. \u0000Globally, most IoT adoption comes from developed countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Western Europe, and East Asia, as these countries have a well-established nationwide IoT infrastructure. In contrast, the IoT application in developing countries such as Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) remains restricted as deployment faces main challenges. On the one hand, selecting the right technology for IoT applications can be complicated with so many IoT connectivity technologies such as Cellular, Wi-Fi, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), Bluetooth, and ZigBee on the market. On the other hand, the main impediment seems to be the lack of IoT infrastructure technologies in developing countries. \u0000In this paper, a comparative study on the main LPWAN technologies has been carried out in terms of cost and coverage of the network and range to become connectivity technology for IoT applications in the KRI. Based on the study, LoRa technology has been presented and proposed as the optimal connectivity technology to establish an IoT infrastructure for the KRI. The proposed network enables the deployment of IoT applications easier and faster. In addition, various LoRa based IoT applications have been proposed that benefit many sectors. A potential application has been set out as a case study to show case the significance of the new infrastructure. \u0000The proposed LoRaWAN infrastructure can accommodate a vast range of applications and will revolutionize IoT applications in the KRI as it enables data transmission over a long distance while using extremely low power.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44371572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}