Uzma Kausar, Amir Ahmad, Muhammad Sohail, Anjum Noor, Areeba Sohail
{"title":"Women s' perception on role of breast self-examination in early breast cancer detection","authors":"Uzma Kausar, Amir Ahmad, Muhammad Sohail, Anjum Noor, Areeba Sohail","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.827","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: A good knowledge of the predictive and precepting factors can reduce the risk of breast cancer. This study aimed to assess female patients' knowledge of breast cancer, self-examination techniques, and other screening methods. \u0000METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the territory care hospital Khurrianwala Faisalabad, including 500 women attending the outpatient department from June 2022 to November 2022 after taking informed consent. Data collected by filling out a validated questionnaire was analyzed through SPSS software version 22.0. Relationships between categorical variables were tested by using the chi-square test, and a p<0.05 is considered highly significant. \u0000RESULTS: Out of 500 study participants, 304(60.8 %) know about breast cancer, of which 64(12.8 %) have a positive family history, 436(87.2 %) have no history of breast cancer, and 196(39.2%) were unaware of breast cancer. Out of the total participants, 60.8 % were aware of Breast self-examination, while 39.2% did not know. There is a significant association for the practice of breast self-examination in the population above higher education p-value≤0.001. Similarly, occupation p-value≤0.001, marital status p-value=0.040, and education p-value≤0.001 have significant associations with BSE. \u0000CONCLUSION: The current study showed that knowledge of breast cancer and the practice of BSE and mammography were very poor. A health education program involving the local and governing bodies should be organized to reduce the prevalence and create awareness.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127955747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing Urological Surgery: Exploring the Potential of Single-Port Robotic Applications","authors":"A. Anwara, Muhammad Akram Malikb","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.917","url":null,"abstract":"Technological breakthroughs are ongoing and creating an impact on all aspects of life, especially in the field of medicine where these cutting-edge robotic technologies have given a new shape to surgical practices. Nowadays, in many developed countries. a vast number of minimally invasive (MIS) keyhole operations are performed with the assistance of a robot. These robotic systems have changed the whole paradigm of patient care, safety and surgical training. Multiport and single port robotic surgeries have overcome the technical limitations of laparoscopy, enabling trained robotic surgeons of this era to perform more complex and delicate procedures with improved dexterity and great precision. Urology as a surgical sub-speciality is at the forefront of advancement. As a Urologist our top goal is patient's safety; robotic surgery gives us improved control and dexterity to carry out challenging operations with higher accuracy. The wristed instrumentation and three-dimensional visualisation offered by the robotic platform helps us with careful dissection, meticulous suturing, and rebuilding [1]. Studies have demonstrated that single-port robotic surgery in urology can lead to better clinical results, including: reduced blood loss, less pain during surgery, shorter hospital stays and swifter recovery [2]. These advantages help patients feel better and get back to their regular routines more quickly. Similarly, single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy has shown equivalent oncological results to conventional multi-port techniques in prostate cancer one of the most frequent urological malignancies-while providing the benefits of less scarring and improved cosmesis [3]. For the treatment of kidney tumours, robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy has grown in popularity. Particularly in patients with complex renal anatomy or numerous tumours, this method enables precise tumour removal while maintaining renal function [4]. The results of robot assisted restorative surgeries like urinary diversion and pyeloplasty is comparable to traditional surgical approaches. The articulating devices of the robotic platform enable precise anastomosis and suturing, which improves both short term and long-term surgical outcomes [5]. In paediatric urology operations, robotic surgery has showed promising results; robot assisted surgeries benefit this population of vulnerable patients by reducing invasiveness and improving cosmesis. Initial results point to its viability and safety in surgeries like ureteral re-implantation and pyeloplasty [6]. To conclude, robotic surgery especially single-port robotic surgery has a lot of potential, however it also yields a number of challenges. These consist of: the price of different robotic systems, their limitations, the learning curve for surgeons, and the accessibility of the necessary equipment. Therefore, to overcome these obstacles and broaden the uses of singleport robotic surgery in urology, further technological advancement","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130402664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaukat Hayat Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz, Raza, Iffat Ara, Rehan Wani, Khalid Mehmmod
{"title":"Frequency of interior knee joint pain after interlocking intermedullary nailing for fracture tibia shaft","authors":"Shaukat Hayat Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz, Raza, Iffat Ara, Rehan Wani, Khalid Mehmmod","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.724","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE:Tibial shaft fracture treatment with intermedullary nailing is very common these days. In the current study, our objective was to determine the percentage of patients with anterior knee pain following tibial shaft fracture treatment with interlocking intermedullary nailing. \u0000METHODOLOGY:Our research design was a Descriptive cross-sectional study. The study duration was approximately one year (03-3-2020 to 3-3-2021). The study was conducted at the orthopedics department of CMH Muzafarrabad. A sample of 125 participants was calculated. All patients underwent interlocking intermedullary nailing. We analyzed data using SPSS version 24. p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for result authenticity. \u0000RESULTS:In the present study 125 patients were included.Mean age of patients was 42.4±8.6SD years.Among all the patients, 82(65.6%) reported no pain while 43(34.4%) reported pain. Visual analogue scale showed mean pain scores 3.22±2.5SD and lysholm scores were 80.74±3.28SD (p≤0.000 and p≤0.000, respectively). \u0000CONCLUSION:Tibial shaft fractures are common these days. A relatively high incidence of anterior knee pain following intermedually nailing after tibial shaft fracture was found in our study.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114882997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zara Khalid Khan, Sadaf Jafar, Sheeba Shabbir, Muhammad Zeeshan Anwar, Rabea Nasir, Attea Zaman, Momin Iqbal, Syed Irfan Raza
{"title":"Whole exome sequencing reveals a missense mutation in the ADA gene causing severe combined immune deficiency in a Pakistani family ADA gene mutation causing SCID","authors":"Zara Khalid Khan, Sadaf Jafar, Sheeba Shabbir, Muhammad Zeeshan Anwar, Rabea Nasir, Attea Zaman, Momin Iqbal, Syed Irfan Raza","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.859","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Human adenosine deaminase deficiency, OMIM 102700 (ADA deficiency) is a genetic disorder which causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The enzyme adenosine deaminase is a housekeeping in nature and is involved in purine catabolism by catalyzing irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine. The SCID patients’ immune system is unable to fight off most of the bacterial and fungal infections due to profound lymphopenia (T-B-NK+). About 20% of the SCID patients are genetically homozygous for defective ADA gene. In our study we aimed to find out genetic variant in ADA gene in a family carrying severe combined immune deficiency. Objective in the current study is to unravel and characterize the molecular cause of the patient suffering from by birth SCID. \u0000METHODOLOGY: In the present study we enrolled a 6-month-old female SCID patient belonging to highly consanguineous Pakistani family. Patient clinical features included repeated chest infection with failure to thrive, fever and chronic diarrhea. Whole blood samples from patient, parents and healthy siblings were acquired in EDTA tubes. DNA was extracted from all the blood samples. \u0000RESULTS: Flowcytometry revealed lymphopenia (T-B-NK+) type of SCID. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) identified a one nucleotide change (c.716G>A) in ADA gene exon 8. The segregation of the identified variant in the family was confirmed through Sanger Sequencing. \u0000CONCLUSION: In this study, we presented detailed clinical and genetic description of patient suffering from severe combined immune deficiency. The immunological and genetic findings presented in this study will facilitate early diagnosis of the disease. Segregation of the identified variant in the family members will also aid in genetic counseling the family. ","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117029021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Significance of shadowing and its contribution to the development of competent healthcare providers.","authors":"Saba Tariq, Sundus Tariq, M. Abbas","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.905","url":null,"abstract":"a Professor, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University Medical & Dental College Faisalabad/ Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Birmingham, England, UK. bProfessor, Department of Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan. cPre-medical Student, Queen Elizabeth School, England, UK. Correspondence:*drsabatariq1@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.905","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123944162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of safety and effectiveness between phacoemulsification and suture less small incision procedures in Cataract surgery","authors":"Asma Aftab, Imran Khan, Yaseen Lodhi, Marrium Shafi, Saad Rauf Khan","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.819","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cataract is major cause of preventable blindness, worldwide. Phacoemulsification and manual small incision are most common surgical methods of cataract. The objective of our study was to compare surgical outcomes and complications in phacoemulsification (Phaco) and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) patients \u0000METHODOLOGY: A Prospective Observational study was conducted at Ophthalmology department of POF Hospital Wah Cantt, Pakistan. Study duration was 6 months (January 2020-June 2020). We calculated sample size of 30 cataract patients. Selection of cataract patients in OPD was done through non probability consecutive sampling technique. Afterwards, they were divided randomly into two different groups using lottery method; Group A patients cataract extraction was done with Phacoemulsification while in group B patients cataract extraction was done with small incision cataract surgery. Patients were followed for 5 weeks. Fisher-exact test and independent and paired T-test was applied to get statistically significant results. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. \u0000RESULTS: Total 30 patients were included in study. There were 19(64.5%) male and 11(35.5%) female. Mean age of patients was 48.3±7.5SD. There was a significant change in pre and post operative visual acuity in both groups (Group A p=0.000 and Group B p=0.000). MSICS showed high surgery duration as compared to phacoemulsification (29.6±1.5 vs 22.2±2.1, p=0.000). \u0000CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and Manual small incision cataract surgery are safe and clinically effective surgical techniques that did not show any difference in surgical outcomes. However, Phacoemulsification is associated with less post-operative complications as compared to MSICS.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125671957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of topical vs. combination ciprofloxacin for the treatment of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media","authors":"Nasir Wakeel, Aasma Tariq, Iqra Gull, Hamna Hafeez","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.697","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Topical antibiotics are a popular choice for treating chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), but there is no consensus on their penetration ability in the middle ear, mastoid cavities, and effectiveness against the causative pathogens. Hence, the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of empirical treatment of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) with topical ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with oral ciprofloxacin. \u0000METHODOLOGY: In this prospective study, 98 consecutive patients presented with diagnosed CSOM of tubotympanic type were recruited from the ENT Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital. The enrolled patients were randomly subjected to the treatment groups (49 in each group), i.e., topical ciprofloxacin drops alone or oral and topical ciprofloxacin in combination; the therapy continued for 1 week. After 7 days of treatment, patients were assessed to observe the resolution of discharge and adverse effects of the drugs. \u0000RESULTS: It was observed that 95.9% of the patients had complete resolution of discharge after 7 days of treatment; the outcomes were comparable in both treatment groups (p=1.00). There was no statistically significant difference between the patients of both treatment groups concerning gender, age, and discharge duration (p>0.05). There were minimal side effects but apparently, they were more frequent among group B patients than in group A. \u0000CONCLUSION: It is concluded from the study that topical ciprofloxacin alone is as efficacious as oral and topical combination therapy for the treatment of CSOM.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124641645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mazhar Mahmood, Abdul Hannan, Usama bin Saeed, Asad Ramzan, Huzaifa Tariq, Hamza Tariq
{"title":"Clinical outcome of femoral diaphyseal fractures in adults treated with open verses closed interlocking nail","authors":"Mazhar Mahmood, Abdul Hannan, Usama bin Saeed, Asad Ramzan, Huzaifa Tariq, Hamza Tariq","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.731","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There are different methods for treatment of the long bone fractures, including femoral diaphyseal fractures, ranging from closed intramedullary nail, open intramedullary nail to flexible nail, plating, and external fixator in open type 3 B and 3C fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the functional outcome of open versus closed techniques in treating femoral diaphyseal fractures in skeletally mature adults. \u0000METHODOLOGY: A simple observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, from January 2018 to January 2020 with a total of 60 skeletally mature patients with mean age 38.4+1.2 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were operated, and five patients lost in follow-up. Group A consisted of 27 patients (18 males and 9 females) who were operated with closed interlocking technique. Group B consisted of 28 patients (12 males and 16 females) who were operated with open technique. Both groups were followed prospectively for two years to evaluate the outcome. T-test was used for statistical analysis. \u0000RESULTS: The rate of union in group A was better than in group B. Patients in group A had a reunion 1.99±0.86 weeks earlier than group B a significant difference between the two groups with p<0.001. Nonunion occurred in 02(7.40%) patients of group A and 03(10.71%) patients of group B. Only 01 (3.7%) patient from group A and 02 (7.40%) patient of group B suffered from deep infections. \u0000CONCLUSION: Closed interlocking for femoral diaphyseal fractures provides earlier reunion of the bone and should be considered the treatment of choice. In case of lack of technical availabilities, open interlocking should be considered as a suitable option.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126488353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of titanium elastic nailing and spica casting outcomes in preschool children following femoral diaphyseal fractures","authors":"Muahmmad Ikram, Ejaz Rao, Nadia Gul, Sadia Ijaz, M. Memon, Sohail Muzammil","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.818","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Pediatric femoral diaphyseal fractures are common fractures in preschool children. The titanium elastic nailing technique is becoming prevalent in developed and developing countries. To compare the frequency of efficacy, safety and mean surgical fixation outcomes among patients who underwent titanium elastic nailing versus spica casting in diaphyseal femur fractures \u0000METHODOLOGY: A prospective study was conducted at department of orthopedics, Pakistan Ordinance Factory (POF) hospital. The study duration was 2 years (March 2018-March 2020). A sample size of 42 children was calculated using WHO calculator. Children selection was made on the basis of non-probability (consecutive) sampling. Group TEN underwent titanium elastic nailing, while group SPICA underwent hip spica casting. Patients were followed for six months. We used SPSS version 24 for the analysis of data. Fisher exacts and independent T-test were applied for measuring associations and comparisons of two groups. P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. \u0000RESULTS: Total of 42 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 3.4 years±1.4SD. The TEN group showed satisfactory results in malalignment (p=0.000) and complications (p=0.000). SPICA group showed significantly high assisted weight bearing duration (p=0.000), full weight bearing duration (p=0.000), greater operative time (p=0.000), lower range of motion (p=0.000) and less patient satisfaction (p=0.000) as compared to TEN group. \u0000CONCLUSION: Titanium elastic nailing is safe, effective, and allows faster recovery in pediatric patients with diaphyseal femoral fractures. We recommend titanium elastic nailing as a valid treatment option for femur fractures in preschool children.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ketamine as a pre-emptive analgesia in patients undergoing caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia","authors":"Humaira Ahmad, Samina Aslam, Sahir Shafiq, Asif Sagheer, Sarwat Bibi","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i3.744","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) leads to moderate to severe pain in the patient. Pain severity is directly proportional to the functional limitations and depression in the postpartum period, making it essential to provide good pain relief after surgery. Maternal wellbeing and better nursing care of newborn requires good postoperative analgesia with minimal side effects. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of intravenous low-dose ketamine, when administered pre-emptively, in patients undergoing caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Two groups were made, each with 50 full-term pregnant females with a plan of caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Group-A received spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.5% along with intravenous placebo of 2cc normal saline, whereas group-B received 0.5mg/kg ketamine intravenously after administration of spinal anesthesia but before the start of surgical incision. Pain intensity was monitored using a visual rating pain scale (VRS), till the need for the first analgesic dose postoperatively. \u0000RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in terms of age and weight. Analgesia was markedly prolonged, and postoperative pain scores were significantly less in Group-B (ketamine group) as compared to Group-A; with p-value< 0.001, demonstrating analgesic properties of ketamine when administered pre-emptively as an intravenous dose. \u0000CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that pre-emptive analgesic dose of ketamine (administered before surgical incision), leads to prolong analgesia in post-operative period in patients who underwent LSCS under spinal anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115501149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}