{"title":"Effects of Smartphone on physical activity and academic performance of medical undergraduates of Islamabad: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Amna Imran, Ayesha Fazal, Seemi Tanvir, Sadia Zafar, Nadia Tariq, Sadaf Tariq","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i2.765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i2.765","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Smartphones have become an essential part of our life, serving multiple functions like messages, calls and navigation. Smartphone users will increase up to 7.5 billion by 2026. Overuse of smartphones not only causes time wastage and health hazards but also have effects on physical activity and academics. Evaluation of these effects was the need of time, so this study was conducted to assess duration of smartphone usage in undergraduate medical students, and their association with physical activity and academic performance was determined. \u0000METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey among 384 undergraduates was conducted from April to August 2019 in Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad. Convenient sampling technique was done. Structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic information along with a smartphone addiction scale was used. IPAQ long form was also used to determine physical activity among the participants. Academic performance was determined through marks percentage obtained in Annual Professional examination. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS 21. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and tests of significance were applied. \u0000RESULTS: It was observed that smartphone addiction was more pronounced in male participants 112(64.4%) than in females 109(51.9%). Thus, more male participants were found overweight (16.6%) than females (13.8%). Excessive smartphone usage was found to be significantly associated with physical activity (p-value 0.03). However, excessive smartphone usage had insignificant association with academic performance (p-value=0.250). \u0000CONCLUSION: A strong association between excess smartphone usage with reduced physical activity was found. However, smartphone usage had no association with the academic performance of students.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"52 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127572095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revolutionizing Healthcare with AI: The Role of ChatGPT","authors":"Saba Tariqa, Sundus Tariqb","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i2.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i2.850","url":null,"abstract":"Many significant improvements in a variety of disciplines, including healthcare, have been made through technological innovations and artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligence (AI) model, ChatGPT, has the potential to transform clinical management and medical education and mak significant advancements in both fields [1]. However, it is important to monitor and ensure that the AI used in healthcare is ethical and responsible within the limits provided and allowed for them. The ChatGPT AI model can generate content that seems like it was written by a human and respond to inquiries in conversational language. Thanks to this model, healthcare professionals now have access to a wealth of medical knowledge that can be used to enhance clinical management processes and educational initiatives. ChatGPT enables medical professionals to swiftly evaluate and analyze large amounts of data and acquire the knowledge they entail to make well-informed decisions [2]. Medical education is a critical component of healthcare, which calls for ongoing learning and improvement. Physicians can take benefit from ChatGPT's ability to stay informed about the most recent developments in the area. It can be used to create clinical summaries, notes, and other documentation, which would save time and lower the possibility of human error. It also offered support and treatment recommendations based on patient symptoms and medical history, even though a health professional should always have the final word in any medical choice [3]. Moreover, ChatGPT can help with clinical management procedures. By reviewing the patient's symptoms and medical background, healthcare professionals can use ChatGPT to diagnose and treat patients. Predicting the chance of disease recurrence, unfavourable outcomes, and other possible health effects are also possible with its aid. Additionally, ChatGPT can help in the development of patient care plans by generating tailored therapy suggestions based on data about specific patients. Despite ChatGPT's many advantages for the medical sector, some issues remain with its application. Some claim, for In conclusion, ChatGPT integration in clinical management and medical education has the potential to completely transform the healthcare sector. Medical practitioners can gain access to a variety of information from ChatGPT that will enable them to make better decisions and treat their patients more effectively. To balance the advantages and disadvantages of applying AI and ML models in healthcare, though, is crucial. ChatGPT and other AI and ML models can be effective tools in the hands of medical practitioners, helping to improve clinical management and medical education with the right legislation and control.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115306953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effective mentorship in health care, need of the time","authors":"Sundus Tariq, Saba Tariq, Tauseef Ahmad","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.825","url":null,"abstract":"A mentor is a guide, a trusted advisor, a guru, an experienced person who aids in improving the skills, knowledge, attitude and abilities of its mentees and helps them in moving up their career ladder faster by a reciprocal learning relationship. Mentorship is vital for trainees and even professionals within the health care system, which not only includes hospitals and universities but also training organizations and regulatory bodies. It is a collaborative effort in achieving goals set during the mentoring process. Mentoring is a process where the mentor agrees to empathetically share his generous time, knowledge and skills for the success of others while positively dealing with the unrealistic expectations and imbalance of power [1].","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116552655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Munawer Latif Memona, Ijaz Alib, Brig Muhammad Alia, Sarwat Saeedc
{"title":"Comparison of Harmonic scalpel and conventional homeostasis in understanding complications followed by total thyroidectomy","authors":"Munawer Latif Memona, Ijaz Alib, Brig Muhammad Alia, Sarwat Saeedc","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.802","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thyroidectomy is a classic surgical procedure used worldwide for thyroid gland excision. A study was conducted to compare the outcomes (mean operative time, drainage volume, postoperative pain and hospital stay) and postoperative complications of Harmonic scalpel and conventional homeostasis in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy \u0000METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted at the department of general surgery, POF hospital Wah Cantt. The study duration was six months (June 2020-Novemebr 2020). A sample size of 70 patients was calculated using the WHO calculator. Patients for total thyroidectomy were selected through a non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients whose total thyroidectomy was planned were divided into two groups using a random number table. In Group A, we used a harmonic scalpel, while in Group B, we used the conventional homeostasis method to secure homeostasis operatively. Patients were followed after 4 weeks for complications. Chi-Square test and t-test was applied. \u0000RESULTS: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The mean operative time was 44.5 min±1.4 in the HS group and 66.0 min±2.0 in the conventional homeostasis group (p≤0.001). Hospital stay was significantly less in the HS group as compared to the conventional homeostasis group (2.3 days ±0.4 vs 3.3 days ±0.4, p≤0.001). Postoperative drainage was significantly high in conventional homeostasis group as compared to HS group (56.4±1.5 mL vs 36.5±1.5 mL, p≤0.001). \u0000CONCLUSION: Harmonic scalpel is an effective, reliable and safe tool for better outcomes in terms of less operative time, lower drainage volume and short duration of hospital stay as compared to conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134628033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muddassir Zafar, Wajiha Rizwan, Muhammad Rafique, Shahid Mahmood, Yasir Javed
{"title":"Effectiveness of Ondansetron in comparison to Domperidone for treating vomiting in acute gastroenteritis among children in a tertiary care hospital setting: A quasi-experimental study","authors":"Muddassir Zafar, Wajiha Rizwan, Muhammad Rafique, Shahid Mahmood, Yasir Javed","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.693","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is inconsistent evidence on using antiemetic drugs (ondansetron and domperidone) in children with vomiting associated with gastroenteritis having dehydration. The study's objective was to compare the effectiveness of oral domperidone with ondansetron for treating vomiting during acute gastroenteritis in children with either mild or moderate dehydration. \u0000METHODOLOGY: This non-controlled quasi-experimental study was conducted at Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, in the department of Pediatrics from 1st October 2019 to 31st December 2019. Sixty children aged 1-12 years having acute gastroenteritis, with mild or moderate dehydration after the failure of initial oral rehydration therapy, were included. Children in-group A (n=30) received a single dose of an orally disintegrating tablet of ondansetron, and children in-group B (n=30) were treated with domperidone. The absence of vomiting for 6 hours and subsequent successful rehydration in these two groups was the primary outcome. The Chi-square test was applied to compare the frequency of primary outcome between the ondansetron and domperidone groups, considering p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 4.4±1.8 years in group A compared to 5.1±2.7 years in group B. Oral Ondansetron was successful in controlling vomiting in 19(63.4%) patients compared to 11(36.6%) in domperidone group (p=0.39). \u0000CONCLUSION: The single dose of oral ondansetron compared to domperidone was significantly effective in controlling the vomiting in-patient with acute gastroenteritis presented with either mild or moderate dehydration, resulting in effective oral rehydration subsequently.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130441666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of metoclopramide–dexamethasone combination and metoclopramide alone for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy","authors":"Humaira Ahmad, Sarwat Bibi, Samina Aslam, Asif Sagheer","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.668","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an important concern in laparoscopic surgeries. Aim of this study is to identify the role of metoclopramide dexamethasone combination for prophylactic management of post laparoscopic cholecystectomy nausea and vomiting in comparison to metoclopramide alone. \u0000METHODOLOGY: The study group comprised of 150 patients. These were the patients with symptomatic gallstones for whom elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was planned. Study was conducted from 15-04-2018 to 15-07-2019. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used.Two groups were generated by simple random method. Group M was given injection metoclopramide only, whereas patients in Group D+M were injected with both dexamethasone and metoclopramide, intravenously, before induction of anesthesia. Parameters observed for 24 hours during postoperative period included; nausea, episodes of vomiting, requirement for rescue antiemetic drugs and total duration of hospital stay after the surgical procedure. \u0000RESULTS: In Group D+M (dexamethasone+metoclopramide), out of total 75 patients, 8% developed nausea while 5.33% had both nausea along with emesis. While in group M (metoclopramide), 16% out of the total 75 patients had nausea only but 18.7% patients had complaints of nausea and emesis. Three patients out of 75, that is 4% from group (D+M) had extended duration of in hospital admission (> 24 hours), while in groupM, this percentage was 13.33% (n=10) patients. \u0000CONCLUSION: A combination of metoclopramide with dexamethasone for prophylaxis against PONV in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients is preferred to metoclopramide alone.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122471427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personalized Management of Breast Cancer, In the Era of Precision Medicine","authors":"Saira Saleem, Saleem S. Personalized","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.823","url":null,"abstract":"This is an era of technological advancement and its use to provide a precise and safe patient care. Our knowledge of disease pathogenesis as well as approach to manage patients has changed significantly with recent scientific developments and breakthroughs so that we can now offer a more predictable, precise and powerful health care according to individual patient needs [1]. A very widely used definition of precision medicine (PM) as defined by President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) is; “the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient to classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease or their response to a specific treatment. Preventative or therapeutic interventions can then be concentrated on those who will benefit, sparing expense and side-effects for those who will not” [2]. In simple words, Precision medicine is a way of offering specific and individualized care to the patients, based on their genes and thus making a more accurate diagnosis and patient specific treatment [3]. Breast cancer is the most common cancer of the women. Breast cancer is very heterogeneous, that means within same tumour, we can find different subtypes. Treatment of breast cancer is therefore very challenging. Advancements in molecular medicine, has now enabled us to differentiate between these different intrinsic subtypes and tailor the breast cancer treatment according to molecular characteristics of individual tumours. This approach has done a significant contribution to improve disease outcomes. Offering personalized care starts with screening. Women with family members affected by breast cancer are at increased risk of developing the disease. This risk increases further if such women carry genetic mutations e.g.; the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. So women with a history of breast or ovarian cancer in their families and test positive for BRCA mutations or other high penetrance genes should undergo a more frequent screening. Especially addition of MRI breast to mammography in these patients improves the detection of breast cancer at an early stage [4].","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122578694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saleh Ahmad, Saeed-ur-rehman, Qazi Ikramullah, Iqbal Ahmad
{"title":"Frequency of Thrombocytopenia in Malaria and its prognostic significance","authors":"Saleh Ahmad, Saeed-ur-rehman, Qazi Ikramullah, Iqbal Ahmad","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.722","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological manifestation of malaria, but locally there is limited data on the association of thrombocytopenia degree and malarial species in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the frequency of thrombocytopenia and its severity among patients with malaria. \u0000METHODOLOGY: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 120 patients with smear-positive for malaria on microscopy were included. The patient's complete blood count (CBC) was assessed daily to monitor the platelet counts, and thrombocytopenia was divided into four categories, i.e., mild, moderate, severe, and very severe thrombocytopenia. \u0000RESULTS: Out of the total 120 malaria-positive cases, 78(65%) were positive for P. vivax, 32(26.7%) were affected by P. falciparum, and 10(8.3%) patients had mixed infection. Thrombocytopenia developed among 73% of the total patients with malaria; of these, 35.23% developed mild thrombocytopenia, while 31.82%, 23.86%, and 9.09% developed moderate, severe, and very severe thrombocytopenia, respectively. Among those 30(34.0%) infected with P. falciparum, 8(26.7%) developed mild thrombocytopenia, while 8(26.7%) and 14(46.7%) developed moderate to very severe thrombocytopenia. Similarly, most patients with P. vivax 23(39.7%) had mild to moderate 20(34.5%) thrombocytopenia, 15(25.9%) had severe, and only 5.19% had very severe thrombocytopenia p-value=0.141 shows non-significant association. Furthermore, P. vivax group developed complications, while two of the four patients of the P. falciparum group developed cerebral malaria, one developed renal failure, and the last one had pancytopenia. \u0000CONCLUSION: In conclusion, thrombocytopenia is frequent among patients with malaria. Moreover, the severity of thrombocytopenia and complications are more evident among those infected with P. falciparum than those with P. vivax.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129856013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critical Thinking in the Nursing Profession: Analysis with a Socratic Method and Nurse Theorist Philosophy","authors":"Badil, Najma Naz, Mehrin Kausor","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.778","url":null,"abstract":"Critical thinking skills are increasingly imperative skills in the nursing profession. Both the Socratic method and nursing theorist philosophy can lead to enhance critical skills. The Socratic method has been rooted in ancient Greek Philosophy, whereas nursing theorist philosophy in the 21st century. This paper discusses critical thinking in the nursing profession and compares the critical thinking concept with the Socratic Method and nurse theorist philosophy. The prime aim of this study is to compare which method is effectively utilized in the nursing profession. The literature pertinent to the topic was searched using the database library, including PubMed, BioMed, Google Scholar, PakMediNet, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature CINAHL. Literature was searched using keywords including Socratic method, nurse theorist philosophy, critical thinking skills, nursing education, and nursing clinical practice. The full-text article was included in the study. Relevant original articles, systemic reviews, quasi-experimental design, philosophical papers, and cross-sectional studies focusing on nurses' critical thinking skills, the Socratic Method, and nurse theorist philosophy were included. The study analysis portrayed Socratic questioning as primarily embedded in critical thinking concepts which nurses utilized in theoretical knowledge. The Socratic Method is explicitly known as the student-centered method that probes critical thinking in classroom teachings. Critical thinking has become vital in professional accountability and excellent nursing care. Nurse theorists have generally employed critical thinking skills to obtain the maximum patient care outcome. In conclusion, the Socratic method increases critical thinking in academia while nursing’s theorist philosophy in nursing clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131921170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afifa Ehsan, Naila Umer, Ali Raza, Maryam Masood, Farhan Riaz, Sana Akram
{"title":"Students’ perception of WhatsApp usage as an additional learning aid at a Dental College in Pakistan","authors":"Afifa Ehsan, Naila Umer, Ali Raza, Maryam Masood, Farhan Riaz, Sana Akram","doi":"10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v14i1.747","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Technological advancements have transformed society into a global entity; medical education is no exception. Innumerable social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Edmodo encourage collaborative learning, improved communication, and knowledge-sharing. The current study aims to assess students' perception of WhatsApp as an additional educational and learning aid for communication purposes, sharing of learning materials, and as a discussion forum. \u0000METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2021 to December 2021 at Faryal Dental College, Sheikhupura, Pakistan. A standardized questionnaire was prepared and circulated amongst students of 1st Year BDS to Final Year BDS. Responses were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. \u0000RESULTS: The study comprised 150 participants; the majority, i.e., 62% (n=93), were females, and 38% (n=57) were males. Learning through WhatsApp was found to be useful by 90% of students. An association (p≤0.02) was found among both genders regarding the usefulness of WhatsApp as an additional learning aid. \u0000CONCLUSION: These days, social media is a dominant mechanism used for communal exchanges and is also utilized as an additional aid for teaching and learning purposes. Incorporating social media with conventional class teaching in medical education has evident advantages.","PeriodicalId":178216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of University Medical & Dental College","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121889527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}