Historische Sprachforschung最新文献

{"title":"Steps in the middle (voice): ancient Greek grammarians, Bopp and beyond","authors":"M. Benedetti","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper highlights some crucial turning points in the transmission and development of the label / notion “middle voice”, from the Greek origins through the pioneering phases of historical comparative linguistics (with special reference to Bopp’s works), up to recent typological and theoretical approaches. This brings to light a complex and circuitous net of continuities and discontinuities, and suggests some general considerations: categories through which we observe and describe languages are actually the result of a long historical process, and reflect multiple, historically conditioned views on language(s). Being aware of the value and burden of such a long-lasting prestigious heritage helps developing critical awareness of models and notions commonly adopted in linguistic analysis.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121086388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quelques réflexions sur la reconstruction du système phonologique indo-européen","authors":"J. Feuillet","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"DeutschDie Rekonstruktion des phonologischen indogermanischen Systems bleibt immer noch ein strittiges Thema seit dem Anfang der vergleichenden Grammatik, und man kann nicht sagen, dass Einstimmigkeit auf diesem Gebiet herrscht. Beim Auftauchen der Laryngaltheorie, sowie auch der Wurzeltheorie von Benveniste, sind die Spezialisten mehr und mehr dazu geneigt, die Zahl der ursprunglichen Vokale zu reduzieren, und einige sogar furchten sich nicht, ein einziges Vokal anzusetzen. Nun aber fuhrt nichts im phonologischen System zu solcher Rekonstruktion: Es handelt sich um morphologische Betrachtungen, die auf dem Ablaut beruhen. Dieser Artikel setzt sich zum Ziel, diese Hypothesen, die den elementaren Daten der Phonetik widersprechen, wie die Vokalisierung der Laryngale oder deren vermeintliche vokalische Spiegelung, einer strengen Kritik zu unterziehen. Die sogenannte Farbung“, die die Laryngale sowie auf die vorhergehenden als auch auf die nachfolgenden Vokale bewirken wurden, ist in keiner indogermanischen Sprache bezeugt. Tatsachlich ist die Uberfulle von Laryngalen in den rekonstruierten Wurzeln zum Teil der Theorie von Benveniste zuzuschreiben, die keine Anfangsvokale zulasst. Man muss mit dieser Logik brechen und ein gewohnlicheres System mit einem einzigen Laryngal und funf Kurzvokalen rekonstruieren. Andererseits zwingen typologische Betrachtungen dazu, ein anderes Bild des Konsonantensystems zu bieten, in dem die Mediae aspiratae nicht mehr als primitiv gelten EnglishThe reconstruction of the Indo-European phonological system has been a matter of discussion since the beginning of comparative linguistics, and one cannot say that a consensus has been reached in this domain. With the emergence of the laryngeal theory and Benveniste’s root theory, specialists are more and more inclined to reduce the number of primitive vowels, and some of them are not afraid to envisage a onevowel system. As it happens, nothing in the phonological system leads to such a reconstruction, except morphological factors based on alternations. This paper critically examines these hypotheses, which contradict the basic phonetic data, such as the vocalisation of laryngeals or their vocalic reflection. The ‘coloration’, which the laryngeals supposedly would bring about on the preceding as well as on the following vowels, is not attested in the Indo-European languages. Actually, the profusion of laryngeals in the reconstructed roots is partially a consequence of Benveniste’s theory, which does not accept initial vowels. It is necessary to break with this logic and to devise a much more common system with a single laryngeal and five short vowels. From another point of view, typological considerations lead to propose another pattern for the consonant system, in which the voiced aspirated occlusives are no more considered as primitive francaisLa reconstruction du systeme phonologique indo-europeen est un sujet tres debattu depuis les debuts de la linguistique comparee, et l’on","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131793769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holger Pedersen’s ‘präidg. ǥ’ in the Light of Advances in the Laryngeal Theory","authors":"Luka Repanšek","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.126","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfasung H. Pedersen’s Theorie uber das ʻpraindogermanisches *ǥ’, das den coefficients sonantiques F. de Saussures und den Laryngalen H. Mollers im Wesentlichen entspricht, wird in den vier Paragraphen (§§106–109) seiner Vergleichenden Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (1909) am systematischsten dargestellt. Da die Vergleichungen hauptsachlich das keltische Sprachmaterial umfassen, handelt es sich gleichzeitig auch um die erste Lehre von den Laryngalreflexen fur das Keltische. Offensichtlich stutzten sich Pedersen’s Beobachtungen auf den Feststellungen beider seinen Zeitgenossen, weichen sich aber in dem ab, dass er von nur einem Laryngal spricht, der keine Umfarbungsfahigkeit besitzt. Sein praidg. *ǥ wird als ein weiterer ʻSilbenkeim’ genommen und entsprechend behandelt, was im Lichte des Fortschritts in der Laryngaltheorie nicht mehr gerechtfertigt ist und was ihm das Zusammenbringen in vielen Fallen unverwandter Lexeme ermoglichte. Die folgende Diskussion basiert auf einem Versuch kritischer Eror...","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131921953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La terre entre les eaux","authors":"X. Delamarre","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133009783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Καλούκωνες und Calluc sowie Κόρκοντοι","authors":"Norbert Wagner","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114117569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gr. ἔρι-, ved. 2ṛ und arí-, die uridg. Wurzel *h1er- ~ *h1ar- und uridg. *h1ér- ~ *h1ár- ‚ Widder, Schafbock‘","authors":"Roland A. Pooth","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.94","url":null,"abstract":"English abstract Greek ἔρι- f., ἔριφο- m.f., Latin ariēs m., etc. and Vedic 2 ṛ and ari- all have the same PIE root etymology. This root *h1er- ~ *h1ar- had a polysemous meaning HIT, MEET, COME UPON, CONTACT, PUT/COME/BE TOGETHER, FIT, SUIT, … Greek ἔρι- f. ultimately goes back to a PIE root noun *h1er- (plus *-i- → PIE *h1eri-) with a meaning comparable to the German verbs aneinandergeraten, aufeinandertreffen, zusammenstosen.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying Undeciphered Writing Systems","authors":"Andreas Fuls","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"English abstract Writing systems are classified as logographic, syllabic, or alphabetic, although in ancient times most writing consisted of a mixture of logograms and syllables (logographic-syllabic). The number of signs and their frequencies depend on the type of writing system and describes the degree of phonetization of a specific script. It can be shown that the mean word length depends on the sign distribution expressed by a linear relationship between mean word length and the exponent of a power law of the sign frequencies. The function allows the classification of the language of undeciphered writing systems as polysynthetic or fusional. The exponent of a power law of the sign frequencies also shows a relationship to the percentage of syllables or one-consonant signs, which makes it possible to estimate the degree of phonetization of undeciphered scripts. Both statistical relationships allow the classification of logographic-syllabic writing systems in greater detail than previously possible count...","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Length of y in the Old English Adjective dryge ‘dry’","authors":"Aurelijus Vijūnas","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128615493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zur Vorgeschichte von toch: 'a kayurṣ' B 'kauurṣe'","authors":"Ruixuan Chen","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114160531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teuoχ Tonioṇ! And related matters","authors":"J. Eska","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2015.128.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133392498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}