Journal of Viral Hepatitis最新文献

{"title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Mediates Hepatitis E Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation","authors":"Bingyan Wei,&nbsp;Huopeng Li,&nbsp;Minheng Cheng,&nbsp;Yifei Yang,&nbsp;Bo Liu,&nbsp;Yuewei Tian,&nbsp;Yaxin Sun,&nbsp;Tianlong Liu,&nbsp;Ruiping She,&nbsp;Jijing Tian","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13998","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13998","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that is supposed to be one of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis. However, HEV infection has been recently associated with a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations, particularly neurological disorders. Previous studies have shown that HEV is able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induce inflammatory response of the central nervous system. However, the pathogenesis of HEV-induced neuroinflammation and tissue injury of the central nervous system have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome following HEV infection were investigated. In a gerbil model infected by HEV, brain histopathological changes including gliosis, neuronophagia and neuron injury were observed and expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were elevated. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are key components of the BBB that protects the brain from various challenges. Following HEV infection, virus-like particles range from 30 to 40 nm in diameter were observed in human BMECs (hBMECs). Enhanced expression levels of NLRP3 and subsequent ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were detected in infected cells. Treatment with MCC950 alleviated HEV infection induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial damage and VE-cadherin degradation. The findings provide new insights into HEV-associated neuroinflammation. Moreover, targeting NLRP3 inflammasome signalling is a promising therapeutic in HEV-induced neurological disorder.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"729-738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed-Genotype HCV Direct Acting Antiviral Outcomes: A CANUHC Analysis","authors":"Haris Imsirovic,&nbsp;Gisela Macphail,&nbsp;Brian Conway,&nbsp;Chris Fraser,&nbsp;Sergio Borgia,&nbsp;Daniel Smyth,&nbsp;Alexander Wong,&nbsp;Marie-Louise Vachon,&nbsp;Duncan Webster,&nbsp;Hongqun Liu,&nbsp;Jordan Feld,&nbsp;Sam Lee,&nbsp;Curtis Cooper,&nbsp;the Canadian Network Undertaking against Hepatitis C (CANUHC) Cohort Investigator Team","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13995","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of mixed hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype infection in a representative Canadian HCV cohort is reported and virological response with direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment was evaluated. 3272 HCV-positive participants were enrolled, of which 2945 (90.0%) initiated DAA therapy. 0.8% were identified with mixed genotype infection. Overall sustained virological response (SVR) was 99.1% and did not differ based on mixed genotype status. Any historical disadvantage to achieving cure with HCV treatment in mixed genotype infection has been overcome by current DAA regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"775-779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.13995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hepatitis E Virus-Associated Hospitalisations in the United States With a Focus on Pregnancy: A Nationwide Population Study, 1998–2020","authors":"Paul Wasuwanich,&nbsp;Tony S. Wen,&nbsp;Robert S. Egerman,&nbsp;Wikrom Karnsakul","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13994","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13994","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is typically asymptomatic in developed countries but can be more severe in certain populations. We aim to describe the epidemiology of HEV-associated hospitalisations from 1998 to 2020 in the United States, investigate risk factors for inpatient mortality and describe outcomes in pregnant women. We utilised the National Inpatient Sample and extracted cases of HEV-associated hospitalisations using ICD-9/10 diagnostic codes. Demographic, clinical and pregnancy data were extracted and analysed by chi-square and logistic regression. We identified 3354 cases of HEV-associated hospitalisations; 1689 (50.4%) were female and 1425 (42.5%) were non-Hispanic White. The median age was 50 (IQR: 37–59) years. Hospitalisation rates for HEV ranged from 2.5 per 10,000,000 in 2008 to a peak of 9.6 per 10,000,000 people in the general U.S. population in 2004. The mortality rate was 5.2%. Age ≥ 40 years (OR: 7.73; 95% CI: 1.57–38.09; <i>p</i> = 0.012), HIV infection (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.26–16.97; <i>p</i> = 0.021), and coagulopathy (OR: 7.22; 95% CI: 2.81–18.57; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were associated with increased odds of mortality within the HEV cohort. There were 226 pregnant women with HEV. Rates of maternal death, stillbirth and preterm birth were similar between HEV and non-HEV pregnant cohorts. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection were significantly more common in the HEV pregnant cohort (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). HEV-associated hospitalisations are uncommon in the United States, but likely underdiagnosed. Certain risk factors can be used to predict prognosis of these hospitalised patients. Pregnant women with HEV appear to have favourable maternal and fetal outcomes despite hepatitis B and C co-infection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"710-719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiRNome Profiling of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis D Undergoing Pegylated Interferon Alpha Treatment","authors":"Gian Paolo Caviglia,&nbsp;Elisabetta Casalone,&nbsp;Antonella Olivero,&nbsp;Giovanni Birolo,&nbsp;Alessia Ciancio,&nbsp;Giuseppe Matullo,&nbsp;Mario Rizzetto","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the modulation of viral replication and host immune antiviral response. Using next-generation sequencing, we investigated the miRNome profile of circulating extracellular vesicles in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection undergoing pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) treatment. Circulating miRNAs' expression was analysed according to virologic response (i.e., HDV RNA clearance maintained at least 6 months after the end of therapy). Overall, 8 patients (40%) achieved a virologic response to Peg-IFNα treatment. At baseline, 14 miRNAs were differentially expressed between responders and non-responders; after 6 months of Peg-IFNα treatment, 7 miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-1246, miR-423-3p, miR-760, miR-744-5p, miR-1307-3p and miR-146a-5p) were consistently de-regulated. Among de-regulated miRNAs, miR-155-5p showed an inverse correlation with HDV RNA (at baseline: <i>r</i>_s = −0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.092; at 6 months: <i>r</i>_s = −0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.016) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (at baseline: <i>r</i>_s = −0.49, <i>p</i> = 0.028; at 6 months: <i>r</i>_s−0.71, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). At logistic regression analysis, both miR-155-5p (at baseline: OR = 4.52, <i>p</i> = 0.022; at 6 months: OR = 5.30, <i>p</i> = 0.029) and HDV RNA (at baseline: OR = 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.022; at 6 months: OR = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.018) resulted significantly associated to virologic response. Considering that Peg-IFNα still has a relevant role in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis D infection, the assessment of EV miR-155-5p may represent an additional valuable tool for the management of HDV patients undergoing Peg-IFNα treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"771-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.14000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectivity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen-Positive Plasma With Undetectable HBV-DNA: Can HBsAg Screening Be Discontinued in Egyptian Blood Donors?","authors":"Magdy El Ekiaby,&nbsp;Junko Tanaka,&nbsp;Harry van Drimmelen,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Allain,&nbsp;Nico Lelie","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13990","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13990","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infectivity data were reviewed and the 50% infectious dose (ID₅₀) was reassessed in different HBsAg-positive infection stages enabling modelling of transfusion-transmitted (TT)-HBV infection risk if HBsAg donor screening was replaced by individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID-NAT). Quantitative HBsAg and HBV-DNA assays were performed against international standards to compare the ratio between potential infectious HBV virions and subviral HBsAg particles in Egyptian HBsAg-positive blood donors as well as in Japanese chimpanzee samples of known infectivity. HBV-DNA load below the quantification limit of detection was estimated against a reference standard by replicate NAT testing (<i>n</i> = 25). Infectivity of chimpanzee samples collected during ramp-up and declining viremic phase were tested in a human liver chimeric mice (HLCM) model and compared with published infectivity data from different HBsAg-positive infection stages. Lowest estimates of ID₅₀ in HBsAg-positive plasma were 3–6 HBV virions in chimpanzee studies. Infectivity decreased approximately 10-100-fold in the declining viremic phase using HLCM. In acute phase samples, HBV to HBsAg particle ratios varied between 1:10²–10⁴ but in HBsAg-positive blood donors this particle ratio reached 1:10⁶–10¹² when viral load was below 100 HBV-DNA copies/mL. Modelled TT-HBV risk of an HBsAg-positive/ID-NAT nonreactive blood transfusion was estimated at 5.5%–27% for components containing 20–200 mL of plasma when assuming an ID₅₀ of 316 (point estimate between 100 and 1000) virions. It cannot be ensured that discontinuation of HBsAg donor screening and reliance on ID-NAT alone is safe.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"700-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Diagnosis HCV RNA Testing Rates Prior to HCV Treatment Among People Living With HIV With HCV Antibody Positivity in the Asia-Pacific Region","authors":"Dhanushi Rupasinghe,&nbsp;Jun Yong Choi,&nbsp;Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy,&nbsp;Sanjay Pujari,&nbsp;Vohith Khol,&nbsp;I. Ketut Agus Somia,&nbsp;Man Po Lee,&nbsp;Thach Ngoc Pham,&nbsp;Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul,&nbsp;Cuong Duy Do,&nbsp;Anchalee Avihingsanon,&nbsp;Jeremy Ross,&nbsp;Awachana Jiamsakul,&nbsp;on behalf the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia-Pacific","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13993","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13993","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HCV RNA test determines current active infection and is a requirement prior to initiating HCV treatment. We investigated trends and factors associated with post-diagnosis HCV RNA testing rates prior to HCV treatment, and risk factors for first positive HCV RNA among people living with HIV (PLHIV) with HCV in the Asia-Pacific region. PLHIV with positive HCV antibody and in follow-up after 2010 were included. Patients were considered HCV-antibody positive if they ever tested positive for HCV antibody (HCVAb). Repeated measures Poisson regression model was used to analyse factors associated with post-diagnosis HCV RNA testing rates from positive HCVAb test. Factors associated with time to first positive HCV RNA from positive HCVAb test were analysed using Cox regression model. There were 767 HCVAb positive participants included (87% from LMICs) of whom 11% had HCV RNA tests. With 163 HCV RNA tests post positive HCVAb test, the overall testing rate was 5.05 per 100 person-years. Factors associated with increased testing rates included later calendar years of follow-up, HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL and higher income countries. Later calendar years of follow-up, ALT &gt;5 times its upper limit of normal, and higher income countries were associated with shorter time to first positive HCV RNA test. Testing patterns indicated that uptake was predominantly in high income countries possibly due to different strategies used to determine testing in LMICs. Expanding access to HCV RNA, such as through lower-cost point of care assays, will be required to achieve elimination of HCV as a public health issue.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"686-699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Virological Response After Early Discontinuation of Hepatitis C Treatment","authors":"Robert Flisiak,&nbsp;Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk,&nbsp;Ewa Janczewska,&nbsp;Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda,&nbsp;Włodzimierz Mazur,&nbsp;Marek Sitko,&nbsp;Justyna Janocha-Litwin,&nbsp;Rafał Krygier,&nbsp;Beata Lorenc,&nbsp;Anna Piekarska,&nbsp;Barbara Sobala-Szczygieł,&nbsp;Krystyna Dobrowolska,&nbsp;Łukasz Socha,&nbsp;Jerzy Jaroszewicz","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13991","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13991","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To date, the effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) discontinued before 4 weeks has not been analysed in routine clinical practice. The study aimed to determine whether such a short therapy will enable achieving a sustained virological response under real-world experience. The study population of 97 patients who discontinued DAA therapy and had data enabling analysis of patient and disease characteristics, and assessment of treatment effectiveness was selected from 16,815 patients registered in the EpiTer-2 database. The most common reason for discontinuation was hepatic decompensation (20.6%) or the patient's personal decision (18.6%). Patients who discontinued treatment were significantly older, more frequently therapy-experienced, more likely to have cirrhosis, a history of decompensation and a Child–Pugh B or C classification than those who completed treatment. SVR was achieved by 93.5% of patients who discontinued treatment after 4 weeks, 60.9% if discontinued at 3 or 4 week and 33.3% at Week 1 or 2. Patients receiving pangenotypic but not genotype-specific treatment who discontinued after 4 weeks were as likely to achieve SVR as those who completed therapy. Patients who responded to treatment that lasted no longer than 2 weeks had a low baseline viral load (&lt;400,000 IU/mL). Despite discontinuation of therapy after Week 4, the chances of SVR are high. Very early discontinuation does not preclude therapeutic success, especially in patients with low baseline viral load.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"677-685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of HBV variants and novel viral and immune biomarkers in chronic hepatitis B patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Nishi H. Patel,&nbsp;Aaron Lucko,&nbsp;Alicia Vachon,&nbsp;Karen E. Doucette,&nbsp;Alnoor Ramji,&nbsp;Laura Sycuro,&nbsp;Trushar R. Patel,&nbsp;Kris Chadee,&nbsp;Maitreyi Raman,&nbsp;Guido van Marle,&nbsp;Carla Osiowy,&nbsp;Carla S. Coffin","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13979","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Co-existing chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) can exert complex effects on hepatic metabolism, requiring mechanistic study. CHB participants were assessed for MASLD and the impact of hepatic steatosis/metabolic syndrome (MetS) on novel viral and immunological markers. In this prospective, cohort study, untreated CHB subjects were assessed for liver disease by non-invasive tests (i.e. FibroScan, controlled attenuation parameter, CAP). Subjects were tested for cytokines and IFN-γ ELISPOT assay to HBV Surface (S) and Core (C) proteins. Standard HBV serological, exploratory biomarkers and deep sequencing of HBV S and C genes were performed. In 53 subjects (median age 45 years [SD = 10.6], 35% F, 56% Asian, 20% Black, 3% White), 94% (50) HBeAg negative, 63% genotype B/C, mean HBV DNA 3.2 log₁₀ IU/mL (SD = 1.8), quantitative HBsAg 2.9 log₁₀ IU/mL (SD = 1.2) and HBV pgRNA 2.1 log₁₀ copies/mL (SD = 1.3). In enrolled subjects, the mean ALT was 41.9 U/L (SD = 24.0), FibroScan was 5.7 kPa (SD = 1.9) and CAP was 306.4 dB/m (SD = 49.0). The mean BMI was 28.2 kg/m² (SD = 4.2), 20% (11/53) had diabetes, 35% (19/53) dyslipidaemia and 24% (13/53) hypertension. Subjects with MetS and steatosis showed lower HBV markers (<i>p</i> &lt; .01), higher HBV S diversity (<i>p</i> = .02) and greater frequency of HBV variants associated with host-anti-viral immune escape. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and HBV-specific cellular responses were higher in participants with hepatic steatosis. In CHB, MASLD/hepatic steatosis was associated with HBV variants and systemic immune responses potentially impacting liver disease progression despite low-level viraemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 10","pages":"582-591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.13979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus Among Hepatitis B Patients in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Northern Iraq","authors":"Salih A. Hama,&nbsp;Raz Sirwan,&nbsp;Muhsin Abubakr,&nbsp;Gasha S. Ahmed,&nbsp;Hawbash M. Rahim","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13987","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13987","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis D virus (HDV), which occurs as a co-infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a significant public health burden. Currently, there is a scarcity of data regarding this co-infection in the developing countries. This study aims to address the clinical prevalence of HDV among HBV-infected patients in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted from May to November 2022, screened HBV DNA-positive patients visiting Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Iraq, for anti-HDV antibodies and HDV RNA. The study included 150 confirmed HBV DNA-positive patients. Of these, 54.7% were male. The mean age of the patients was 49.1 ± 10.1 (18–68). Serological assessment found that 23 (15.3%) of the patients had anti-HDV IgG antibodies, suggesting past or chronic HDV infection, while 16 (10.7%) tested positive for anti-HDV IgM, indicating recent/acute infection. Further molecular analysis confirmed HDV RNA in 15 (10%) of HBV patients, indicating real HDV prevalence. The prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA did not significantly differ by age, gender, marital status, residency, medical, family or medical history (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a relatively high HDV prevalence among HBV patients in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq, at 10%, which stresses the need for better screening, health strategies and focused research to combat its impact.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"670-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of a 1-Year Pilot Study Implementing Universal Hepatitis Delta Virus Testing Among Veterans With Chronic Hepatitis B","authors":"Robert J. Wong,&nbsp;Meimei Liao,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Miki Kwan,&nbsp;Ji-Hyung Lee,&nbsp;Janice H. Jou,&nbsp;Joseph K. Lim,&nbsp;Ramsey Cheung","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13992","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13992","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current US guidelines recommend risk-based testing for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). While there is debate as to whether a risk-based or universal testing approach is most effective, limited data exist on universal HDV testing programs in the United States. We performed a 1-year pilot study evaluating the outcomes of a universal HDV testing approach among US veterans with CHB. All consecutive adults with CHB receiving care at hepatology clinics at a single-centre Veterans Affairs Health System from 1 October 2022 to 30 September 2023 were prospectively tested for anti-HDV antibody (anti-HDV). Patients who were anti-HDV Ab-positive were subsequently tested for HDV RNA. Comparison of HDV testing between groups utilised chi-square testing. A total of 91 consecutive CHB patients (90.0% male, mean age 60.9 ± 14.1 years, 73.9% Asian, 26.1% non-Asia, 16.5% cirrhosis and 17.1% with active or past history of drug use) had anti-HDV ordered. Overall, 76.9% (<i>n</i> = 70) completed anti-HDV testing; 4.3% (<i>n</i> = 3) were positive. HDV RNA testing was ordered in all three patients; two patients completed HDV RNA testing and one had detectable HDV RNA. No significant differences in completion of anti-HDV testing was observed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, cirrhosis status or drug use history. Among a single-centre prospective cohort study piloting a universal HDV testing approach, one patient with viremic HDV was identified. Implementing true reflex testing of all CHB patients with anti-HDV, followed by automated HDV RNA testing for anti-HDV-positive patients would improve the HDV testing cascade and timely diagnosis of HDV.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"768-770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}