Journal of Viral Hepatitis最新文献

{"title":"Single-Cell Transcriptome Identifies a Proinflammatory B-Cell Subset in Hepatitis B Virus Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure","authors":"Han Wang,&nbsp;Chuanshen Xu,&nbsp;Ruoyu Yao,&nbsp;Wenrui Zhang,&nbsp;Shuang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Qin,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Ninghui Zhao,&nbsp;Peng Sun,&nbsp;Jia Yao","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical condition with high short-term mortality, in part due to the dysfunctional immune response. Identifying immune mechanism under ACLF is critical to understand its pathogenesis and to develop novel targeted therapeutics. Among the immune cells, how are B cells involved in ACLF remains largely unknown. We performed scRNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinical ACLF patients and healthy controls. Integrated analysis was performed to identify the role of B cells in ACLF. Subsequently, different subsets of B cells in ACLF were validated through flow cytometry based on their highlighted markers. Six B-cell subgroups, including naive B cells, naive B2 cells, nonclass-switched memory B cells, class-switched memory B cells, autoimmune-related B cells and plasma B cells were identified. The proportions of naive B cells significantly expand in ACLF, compared with healthy control. Function enrichment analysis revealed the activation of inflammatory response in naive B cells. Further flow cytometry confirmed the elevated circulating naive B cells in ACLF. Our study uncovered the altered immune landscape of circulating B cells after ACLF. The proportion dynamics and functional perturbation indicate the potential of naive B cells as intervention targets in the future ACLF therapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bocavirus Infection as a Potential Trigger for Hepatic Injury in Children","authors":"Bera Enes Seyrek,&nbsp;Kubra Aykac,&nbsp;İncinur Saltık Temizel,&nbsp;Ali Bülent Cengiz,&nbsp;Yasemin Ozsurekci","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging pathogen linked to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in children. While its role in respiratory diseases is established, its association with liver dysfunction remains unclear. This study presents six paediatric cases of elevated liver enzymes or acute liver failure during HBoV infection, including severe outcomes such as liver transplantation and one fatality. Frequent co-infections with other pathogens were noted, complicating the clinical course. Although direct evidence of HBoV's role in liver involvement is lacking, its potential contribution warrants further investigation to guide clinical management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Transmission in Mothers Taking TAF With Exceptionally High Viral Load","authors":"Huaibin Zou,&nbsp;Liying Zhu,&nbsp;Lihua Cao,&nbsp;Shuyi Suo,&nbsp;Yunxia Zhu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang,&nbsp;Jingchao Dong,&nbsp;Baiyila Han,&nbsp;Zhongping Duan,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Calvin Q. Pan","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Published studies on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) therapy for preventing vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have primarily enrolled mothers with viremic levels of approximately 7 log₁₀ IU/mL. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TAF therapy in preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in mothers with exceptionally high viral loads, defined as HBV DNA levels &gt; 2,000,000 IU/mL. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers with HBV DNA levels &gt; 2,000,000 IU/mL were prospectively enrolled from four hospitals and initiated on TAF therapy between gestational weeks 26 and 28, continuing until delivery. All infants received immunoprophylaxis and were followed up to 28 weeks postpartum. The primary endpoints were the MTCT rate and the occurrence of congenital abnormalities in infants. Secondary outcomes included maternal HBV suppression at delivery and the safety of both mothers and infants. Among 137 mothers screened, 120 were enrolled in TAF therapy, and 121 infants completed the study. At delivery, 93.3% (112/120) of mothers achieved HBV DNA levels &lt; 200,000 IU/mL. At birth, 0.8% (1/121) of infants had a congenital malformation, and 9.9% (12/121) tested positive for HBsAg. The vertical transmission rate was 2% (2/121, intention-to-treat) at 28 weeks of age. No severe adverse effects were reported in mothers or infants. On-treatment and postpartum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares after TAF cessation occurred in 7.5% (9/120) and 41.1% (46/112) of mothers, respectively, alongside viral rebound after cessation. Infant physical development remained within normal ranges based on national reference standards. In summary, approximately 2% of mothers on TAF therapy during late pregnancy experienced MTCT, despite proper immunoprophylaxis for their infants. Extending the treatment duration beyond 12 weeks for mothers with extremely high viral loads is recommended to improve MTCT prevention. No safety concerns were observed for either mothers or infants.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04237376</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived HBV-Related Stigma Is Associated With Lower Antiviral Medication Adherence in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B","authors":"Hee-Soon Juon,&nbsp;Daniel Yang,&nbsp;Cindy Xin Fang,&nbsp;Hie-Won Hann,&nbsp;Ho Bae,&nbsp;Mimi Chang,&nbsp;Ann C. Klassen","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medication nonadherence among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can lead to severe liver disease progression, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet the factors that influence adherence in high-risk groups, like Korean Americans, remain unclear. Thus, this study explored the psychosocial and clinical factors affecting medication adherence in CHB patients. A cohort of 365 Korean American patients with CHB from two clinics in Philadelphia and Los Angeles was studied. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) gauged their adherence to antiviral medication. Using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses, we identified factors associated with MMAS-8 scores. Of the participants, 78% were undergoing antiviral therapy, with over two-thirds (69%) reporting medium to high adherence levels. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age, knowledge of sequalae of CHB, perceived HBV stigma and possession of pharmacy plan were associated with medication adherence. Older participants had higher medication adherence than younger. High knowledge of sequalae of CHB and low perceived HBV stigma were associated with higher medication adherence. Having pharmacy plans was also associated with higher medication adherence to antiviral therapy. These findings highlight the critical role of person-related factors (e.g., knowledge and stigma) and healthcare factors in medication adherence. Future research should focus on developing targeted educational interventions focusing on personal factors to improve medication adherence among Korean American patients with CHB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis E Infection in Immunocompromised Patients Previously Treated With Rituximab","authors":"Dionysios Kogias,&nbsp;Efstratios Gavriilidis,&nbsp;Christina Antoniadou,&nbsp;Aikaterini Skeva,&nbsp;Nikolaos Kafalis,&nbsp;Dimitrios Tsilingiris,&nbsp;George Kanellis,&nbsp;Maria Panopoulou,&nbsp;Ioannis Mitroulis,&nbsp;Konstantinos Ritis,&nbsp;Panagiotis Skendros,&nbsp;Georgios Kouklakis","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a frequent cause of acute viral hepatitis. Immunocompromised patients, especially those under anti-CD20 regimens, are prone to chronic or treatment-resistant courses of hepatitis E. We report a case of chronic HEV infection in a 36-year-old man with a history of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with rituximab 6 months ago, who presented with new-onset painless jaundice and malaise. Laboratory tests and imaging revealed signs of inflammation and hepatic dysfunction. Due to initial suspicion of autoimmune hepatitis, corticosteroid therapy was started. However, liver biopsy and positive HEV RNA value redefined the diagnosis. Serology tests revealed initially acute infection, which later progressed to chronic hepatitis E infection. Treatment with ribavirin, along with supportive care, achieved significant clinical and laboratory improvement, resolving jaundice, restoring normal transaminase and suppressing HEV RNA values. Further review of the literature highlights the impact of immunosuppression caused by anti-CD20 therapies on HEV infection, as well as the challenges in both treatment and achieving sustained virus clearance in such patients. Moreover, this report underlines the importance of HEV screening in patients with hepatitis who have undergone anti-CD20 therapies, shedding light on a situation that is not well described in the literature and should not be overlooked, even in developed countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Enzyme Elevation After Hepatitis C Virus Cure: Is There a Sex Effect? (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort)","authors":"Tangui Barré,&nbsp;Clémence Ramier,&nbsp;Karine Ory,&nbsp;Tounes Saidi,&nbsp;Philippe Sogni,&nbsp;Fabien Zoulim,&nbsp;Morgane Bureau-Stoltmann,&nbsp;Camelia Protopopescu,&nbsp;Fabienne Marcellin,&nbsp;Patrizia Carrieri,&nbsp;the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Study Group","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.70007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Alpha-Fetoprotein Elevation and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multicentre Cohort Study","authors":"ChulHyoung Park,&nbsp;Gyubeom Hwang,&nbsp;Won-Mook Choi,&nbsp;Ji Eun Han,&nbsp;Chungsoo Kim,&nbsp;Dong Yun Lee,&nbsp;Subin Heo,&nbsp;Rae Woong Park","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and its changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may influence the risk of future hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to evaluate the HCC risk in CHB patients with no overt HCC but with elevated AFP level and to explore the prognostic role of longitudinal changes in AFP and liver-related laboratory values. This multicentre cohort study included 10,639 CHB patients without a history of HCC from seven medical facilities in South Korea. Patients with a baseline serum AFP test and no HCC diagnosis on imaging within 3 months were included. Patients were categorised into high-AFP (≥ 10 ng/mL) and normal-AFP (&lt; 10 ng/mL) groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of HCC within 2 years, with secondary outcomes focused on longitudinal changes in AFP and liver-related laboratory values. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess HCC risk. After 1:4 PSM, 1278 high-AFP and 3731 normal-AFP patients were analysed. The high-AFP group had a significantly higher 2-year incidence of HCC (HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 3.31–5.57). AFP levels increased in patients who developed HCC in both groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Among the high-AFP group, patients who did not develop HCC had elevated baseline alanine aminotransferase levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), which decreased during follow-up (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) unlike those who developed HCC. In conclusion, baseline AFP elevation in CHB patients is associated with an increased risk of developing HCC within 2 years. Longitudinal monitoring of AFP and liver-related laboratory values can help in risk stratification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Outcome of Chronic Hepatitis B—Histological Score and Viral Genotype Are Important Predictors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Anders Eilard,&nbsp;Johan Ringlander,&nbsp;Maria E. Andersson,&nbsp;Staffan Nilsson,&nbsp;Gunnar Norkrans,&nbsp;Magnus Lindh","doi":"10.1111/jvh.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current guidelines to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are based on risk assessments that include age, sex, and virological and biochemical parameters. The study aim was to investigate the impact of predictive markers on long-term outcomes. The clinical outcomes of 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B were investigated 30 years after a baseline assessment that included liver biopsy. A favourable outcome—HBsAg loss or HBeAg-negative infection (ENI; previously termed ‘inactive carrier’)—was observed in 74% of all patients, whereas 7% developed HCC. HBsAg loss was observed in 75% of patients with genotype A, compared with 42%, 33% and 0% with genotypes D, B and C, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). HCC developed in 3 patients (33%) with genotype C as compared with 3 (17%), 1 (2%) and 0 patients with genotypes B, D and A, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, both HBsAg loss and HCC were associated with HBV genotype and baseline HBV DNA level, and HCC also with histological score. The results suggest that genotyping and histological assessment may improve outcome prediction and help decisions about HCC screening, particularly in populations with HBV-infected individuals of mixed geographic origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11777188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Modifications in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Xiaoqing Tan,&nbsp;Linting Xun,&nbsp;Qi Yin,&nbsp;Chaohui Chen,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Shen","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main pathogen for HCC development. HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) forms extra-host chromatin-like minichromosomes in the nucleus of hepatocytes with host histones, non-histones, HBV X protein (HBx) and HBV core protein (HBc). Epigenetic alterations are dynamic and reversible, which regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence and play a pivotal role in the regulation of HCC onset and progression. The aim of this review is to elucidate the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC), including post-translational histone and non-histone modifications, DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation, non-coding RNA modification on HBV cccDNA minichromosomes and host factors, effecting the replication/transcription of HBV cccDNA and transcription/translation of host genes, and thus HBV-HCC progression. It is expected that the epigenetic regulation perspective provides new ways for more in-depth development of therapeutic control of HBV-HCC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Direct-Acting Antivirals on Hepatitis C: Trends in Liver Disease–Related Hospitalisations in Italy","authors":"Francesco Saverio Mennini,&nbsp;Paolo Sciattella,&nbsp;Claudia Simonelli,&nbsp;Andrea Marcellusi,&nbsp;Stefano Rosato,&nbsp;Loreta A. Kondili","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) hospitalisation trends in Italy, the country with not only the highest burden of HCV-related disease but also the highest number of patients treated for chronic HCV infection in Europe. Incident hospital discharge records in Italy from 2012 to 2019 that included a liver cirrhosis diagnosis without mention of alcohol, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCV and liver cirrhosis without mention of alcohol and/or HCC, cirrhosis with mention of alcohol, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) were reviewed. An interrupted time series analysis compared the incidence of cirrhosis and HCC before and after the introduction of DAAs (Year 2015). Overall, non-alcoholic cirrhosis significantly decreased after the introduction of DAAs (<i>β</i>₃ = 0.03) and for those 40–59 years of age (<i>β</i>₃ = 0.025). HCV with cirrhosis and/or HCC significantly reduced overall for those aged 40–59 and older than 60 (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.002</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {beta}_3=0.002 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). HCC-related hospitalisation rates significantly decreased in patients younger than 60 (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.03</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {beta}_3=0.03 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). Cirrhosis-related hospitalisations with mention of alcohol did not differ during the study period before and after the year 2015 (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.4</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {beta}_3=0.4 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). There was a significant reduction in HCV-related hospitalisations throughout Italy after introducing DAAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}