Journal of Viral Hepatitis最新文献

{"title":"United States Provider Experiences With Telemedicine for Hepatitis C Treatment: A Nationwide Survey","authors":"Pruthvi Patel,&nbsp;Martin T. Wells,&nbsp;Elaine Wethington,&nbsp;Martin Shapiro,&nbsp;Yasir Parvez,&nbsp;Shashi N. Kapadia,&nbsp;Andrew H. Talal","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination requires treatment access expansion, especially for underserved populations. Telehealth has the potential to improve HCV treatment access, although data are limited on its incorporation into standard clinical practice. We conducted a cross-sectional, email survey of 598 US HCV treatment providers who had valid email addresses and (1) were located in urban areas and had written ≥ 20 prescriptions for HCV treatment to US Medicare beneficiaries in 2019–2020 or (2) were located in non-urban areas and wrote any HCV prescriptions in 2019–2020. Through email, we notified providers of a self-administered electronic 28-item survey of clinical strategies and attitudes about telemedicine for HCV. We received 86 responses (14% response rate), of which 75 used telemedicine for HCV in 2022. Of those 75, 24% were gastroenterologists/hepatologists, 23% general medicine, 17% infectious diseases and 32% non-physicians. Most (82%) referred patients to commercial laboratories, and 85% had medications delivered directly to patients. Overwhelmingly, respondents (92%) felt that telehealth increases healthcare access, and 76% reported that it promotes or is neutral for treatment completion. Factors believed to be ‘extremely’ or ‘very’ important for telehealth use included patient access to technology (86%); patients' internet access (74%); laboratory access (76%); reimbursement for video visits (74%) and audio-only visits (66%). Non-physician licensing and liability statutes were rated ‘extremely’ or ‘very’ important by 43% and 44%, respectively. Providers felt that telehealth increases HCV treatment access. Major limitations were technological requirements, reimbursement, and access to ancillary services. These findings support the importance of digital equity and literacy to achieve HCV elimination goals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"873-879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of a Birth Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Randomised, Controlled Trial","authors":"Samantha E. Tulenko,&nbsp;Patrick Ngimbi,&nbsp;Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa,&nbsp;Martine Tabala,&nbsp;Jolie Matondo,&nbsp;Sarah Ntambua,&nbsp;Nana Mbonze,&nbsp;Charles Mbendi,&nbsp;Christophe Luhata,&nbsp;Ravi Jhaveri,&nbsp;Jessie K. Edwards,&nbsp;Sylvia Becker-Dreps,&nbsp;Ann M. Moormann,&nbsp;Didine Kaba,&nbsp;Marcel Yotebieng,&nbsp;Jonathan B. Parr,&nbsp;Emily W. Gower,&nbsp;Peyton Thompson","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The WHO recommends hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination (HepB-BD), but it is not routinely given in most sub-Saharan African countries. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity of HepB-BD in addition to the existing hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) schedule in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo among HBV-unexposed and HBV-exposed infants. Using an open-label, randomised, controlled design, HBV-unexposed infants were randomised (1:1) to receive the standard HepB3 vaccine series (group U3), or to receive HepB-BD in addition to HepB3 (group U4). A supplemental cohort of HBV-exposed infants (group E4) received HepB-BD and HepB3. We compared the proportion of infants with protective antibodies against HBV (HBV surface antibody ≥ 10 mIU/mL) between groups U3 and U4 and groups U4 and E4 at 12 months of age. Between August 20 and October 9, 2019, we enrolled 281 mother/infant dyads; 88 (31.3%) returned at 12 months. Most infants had protective antibodies against HBV at 12 months: 92.9% (75.7%–98.2%) in group U3, 85.7% (67.5%–94.5%) in group U4 and 96.9% (95% CI: 81.2%–99.6%) in group E4. Trends held in estimates adjusted for loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) and baseline imbalance across groups. In this first randomised trial assessing the addition of HepB-BD to the hepatitis B vaccine schedule in SSA, we found that HBV-unexposed infants who received the 3-dose and 4-dose vaccine series had similar immunogenicity against HBV at 12 months. A high proportion of infants, and notably HBV-exposed infants, had protective antibodies. Though extrapolation of findings may be limited by LTFU, this study adds real-world evidence regarding HepB-BD implementation in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03897946</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"795-807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of People Living With Chronic Hepatitis D: Impact of Disease and Unmet Needs Along the Care Cascade","authors":"Beatrice Zovich,&nbsp;Poonum Patel,&nbsp;Thomas Tu,&nbsp;Su Wang,&nbsp;Darlene Jubah,&nbsp;Jamie Zagorski","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hepatitis D virus leads to a severe form of viral hepatitis and affects nearly 5% of people living with chronic hepatitis B. Chronic infection with hepatitis D virus leads to more rapid progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately liver disease-related death compared with hepatitis B monoinfection. Health outcomes and treatment adherence can be affected by patient perception of, engagement in, and satisfaction with care. Our objective was to better understand the experiences of people with chronic hepatitis D, identify their preferred sources of information, and recognise unmet needs from their perspectives. Sixty-seven participants from the United States and the European Union took part in monthly, online, self-guided surveys for a minimum of 3 months with an optional extension. Participants reported feeling anxious and scared at the time of diagnosis but over time came to accept living with chronic hepatitis D. They voiced a need for access to information from trusted sources, fewer barriers to care, and shorter wait times for provider visits and test results after diagnosis. Participants experienced both physical and psychological strain living with chronic hepatitis D. Although most participants reported the ability to continue their regular activities and employment, some stated such activities were done at a reduced pace. Self-reported overall health appeared to be closely linked with emotional support. Understanding patient perspectives, with concurrent clinician perspectives, is crucial when working toward developing solutions to fulfil unmet patient needs associated with chronic hepatitis D management and advancing health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"820-829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.14005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Serum Albumin Level: A Prospective Risk Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","authors":"Yusheng Song,&nbsp;Haiyan Chen,&nbsp;Jinlong Li,&nbsp;Feifei Zhong,&nbsp;Yunbing Liu,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Shaogui Wan","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14008","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in China, at high annual incidence and mortality. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) is considered as a leading cause to bring about HCC in China. Serum albumin (ALB) level has been adopted to verify its risk with HCC development as a combination variable with other factors. However, the predictive value of a single ALB level on HBV-related HCC risk remained unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prediction ability of serum ALB concentration on the risk of HBV-related HCC development. A prospectively enrolled clinical cohort compromising 2932 cases of CHB patients with at least 1-year exclusion window was selected to explore the predictive role of serum ALB level on incident HCC risk. Baseline clinical data including host characters and laboratory test were collected at the initial period of hospitalisation. The hazard ratio of ALB level associated with HCC development was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression model using univariate and multivariate analyses. We evaluated the discrimination accuracy of ALB level in predicting HCC development by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Dose-dependent and time-dependent effects of ALB level on HCC risk prediction were demonstrated, respectively, using a restricted cubic spline and a Fine and Grey competing risk model. Referred to patients with higher ALB level, those with lower ALB level exhibited significantly increased risk of HCC development after adjustment for host variables (dichotomised analyses: hazard ratio = 3.12, 95% confidence interval 1.63–5.97, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 8.23 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;log-rank&lt;/sub&gt; = 5.97 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt;; tertile analyses: hazard ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.63–2.64, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 3.77 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−9&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;log-rank&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 2.00 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−16&lt;/sup&gt;; quartile analyses: hazard ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.56–2.84, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 9.87 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−7&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;log-rank&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 2.00 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−16&lt;/sup&gt;). There was a statistically increasing trend on HCC risk which was found following by the decrease of ALB level (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;trend&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Similar findings were present by the Kaplan–Meier analysis, cumulative incidences of HCC development were significantly higher in patients with lower ALB levels, with the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; value obtained from log-rank test were all &lt; 0.0001. The result of dose-dependent effect showed hazard ratio (HR) value of HCC risk was gradually decreasing as the increasing of ALB level, with non-linear correlation being statistically significant (Wald &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 20.59, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000). HR value in lower ALB level remained persistently prominent by fluctuating around 2.73 in the whole follow-up time by adjusting for host variables. Sub-cohort analysis by ROC revealed that the discrimination ability of the ALB model was performed better than Child-Pu","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"857-865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Changes in ELF Score Predict Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Antiviral Treatment","authors":"Lilian Yan Liang,&nbsp;Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip,&nbsp;Jimmy Che-To Lai,&nbsp;Amy Shuk-Man Lam,&nbsp;Yee-Kit Tse,&nbsp;Vicki Wing-Ki Hui,&nbsp;Henry Lik-Yuen Chan,&nbsp;Vincent Wai-Sun Wong,&nbsp;Grace Lai-Hung Wong","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score is a noninvasive assessment for liver fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the performance of changes in ELF score 3 years apart in combination with liver stiffness measurement (LSM)-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) score to predict HCC in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This is a prospective cohort study. Patients who underwent transient elastography (TE) examinations and at intermediate or high risk of HCC defined by LSM-HCC score were invited to repeat the examination about 3 years later. Their serum samples at these two time points were retrieved to assess the ELF score changes. The primary endpoint was HCC. There were 445 CHB patients (males: 73.9%; mean age: 51.6 ± 10.3 years) who received two TE examinations and ELF scores. Among them, 252 (56.6%) and 193 (43.4%) patients were at intermediate and high HCC risk at first assessment defined by LSM-HCC score, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the changes in ELF score could stratify the HCC risk in both intermediate- and high-risk patients defined by LSM-HCC score (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for intermediate-risk group; <i>p</i> = 0.011 for high-risk group). Patients remained having mild or moderate fibrosis at both assessments had the lowest risk of HCC (4.0%), followed by patients with fibrosis regressed (11.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.014) during a mean follow-up of 163 months. Patients remained having or progressed to severe fibrosis were at highest risk of HCC (&gt; 20%). Consistent findings were demonstrated in patients at both intermediate and high risk of HCC defined by LSM-HCC score. Dynamic changes in ELF score provided additional value to LSM-HCC score for stratifying HCC risk in CHB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"808-819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.14004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Deprivation Weighs Heavily on Liver Fibrosis and Mortality After Hepatitis C Cure (ANRS CO22 Hepather)","authors":"Tangui Barré,&nbsp;Lucia Parlati,&nbsp;Marc Bourlière,&nbsp;Clémence Ramier,&nbsp;Fabienne Marcellin,&nbsp;Camelia Protopopescu,&nbsp;Vincent Di Beo,&nbsp;Cécile Moins,&nbsp;Celine Dorival,&nbsp;Jérôme Nicol,&nbsp;Jessica Zucman-Rossi,&nbsp;Philippe Mathurin,&nbsp;Dominique Larrey,&nbsp;Jérôme Boursier,&nbsp;Fabrice Carrat,&nbsp;Patrizia Carrieri,&nbsp;the ANRS/AFEF Hepather Study group","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be cured with direct-acting antivirals (DAA), some cured patients face a serious risk of advanced liver damage and early mortality. In order to avoid these two negative health outcomes, it is important to identify and assess related risk factors. Little is currently known about socioeconomic and behavioural factors in this context. Using data from the ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort, we tested for associations between socioeconomic and behavioural factors and (i) advanced liver fibrosis (defined as an FIB-4 &gt; 3.25) assessed longitudinally using a mixed-effects logistic regression model (both the whole population and stratified on advanced liver fibrosis status at the time of HCV cure) and (ii) all-cause mortality (Cox proportional hazards model), during post-HCV cure follow-up. Among 5833 participants cured of HCV, living in poverty was associated with postcure advanced liver fibrosis in participants without this diagnosis at the time of HCV cure (population attributable fraction—PAF—of 8.6%) and with mortality in the whole study population (PAF of 10.6%). The detrimental effects of unhealthy alcohol use and heavy tobacco smoking, as well as the beneficial effect of living with a stable partner were also highlighted. We highlighted the major role of poverty and behavioural factors in advanced liver fibrosis and all-cause mortality in patients cured of HCV. Encouraging linkage to social support services and healthy behaviours after successful DAA treatment could limit morbidity and increase survival in this population.</p><p><b>Clinical Trial Registration</b>: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01953458</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"830-846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.14006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Lower Chance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance and Altered Host Immunity","authors":"Tsz-Yan Kwok,&nbsp;Rex Wan-Hin Hui,&nbsp;XianHua Mao,&nbsp;Guang-Sheng Ling,&nbsp;Danny Ka-Ho Wong,&nbsp;Fung-Yu Huang,&nbsp;James Fung,&nbsp;Wai-Kay Seto,&nbsp;Man-Fung Yuen,&nbsp;Lung-Yi Mak","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cigarette smoking is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, but the effects on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of active smoking on HBsAg seroclearance (SC) and its impact on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with CHB infection. Longitudinal follow-up data was retrieved in 7833 antiviral-treated CHB subjects identified from a centralised electronic patient record database (Part 1). Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 27 CHB-infected patients (6 active smokers; 13 with SC) was performed by flow cytometry to assess programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression and proportion of regulatory T cells (CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^lo). Effector function of HBV-specific T cells was examined by comparing granzyme B (GZMB) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) production in undepleted PBMCs and Treg-depleted PBMCs after 7 days in vitro stimulation with HBV envelope protein overlapping peptides (Part 2). Over a median follow-up of 5 years, smoking was associated with lower probability of SC (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.87). PD-1 expression was increased in CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells and CD20⁺ B cells among smokers compared to non-smokers and positively correlated with pack years (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Treg depletion led to partial functional recovery of HBV-specific T cells, with significantly bigger magnitude in smokers (<i>p</i> = 0.0451, mean difference = 4.68%) than non-smokers (<i>p</i> = 0.012, mean difference = 4.2%). Cigarette smoking is associated with lower chance of HBsAg seroclearance, higher PD-1 expression on lymphocytes, and impairment of effector functions of HBV-specific T cells in CHB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"847-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvh.14007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Heterogeneity and Trends in Hepatitis C Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Kyra H Grantz, Javier Cepeda, Jacqueline Astemborski, Gregory D Kirk, David L Thomas, Shruti H Mehta, Amy Wesolowski","doi":"10.1111/jvh.13999","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.13999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID). While elimination of HCV as a public health problem may be possible through treatment-as-prevention, reinfection can attenuate the impact of treatment scale-up. There is a need to better understand the distribution and temporal trends in HCV infection risk, including among HCV-seropositive individuals who will be eligible for treatment and at risk for subsequent reinfection. In this analysis of 840 seronegative and seropositive PWID in Baltimore, MD USA, we used random forest methods to develop a composite risk score of HCV infection from sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. We characterised the individual heterogeneity and temporal trajectories in this composite risk score using latent class methods and compared that index with a simpler, conventional measure, injection drug use frequency. We found that 15% of the population remained at high risk of HCV infection and reinfection by the composite metric for at least 10 years from study enrolment, while others experienced transient periods of moderate and low risk. Membership in this high-risk group was strongly associated with higher rates of HCV seroconversion and post-treatment viraemia, as a proxy of reinfection risk. Injection frequency alone was a poor measure of risk, evidenced by the weak associations between injection frequency classes and HCV-associated outcomes. Together, our results indicate HCV infection risk is not equally distributed among PWID nor well captured by injection frequency alone. HCV elimination programmes should consider targeted, multifaceted interventions among high-risk individuals to reduce reinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Characteristics of Decedents With Hepatitis A Listed as a Cause of Death, United States, 2011–2021","authors":"Megan G. Hofmeister,&nbsp;Kathleen N. Ly,&nbsp;Shaoman Yin,&nbsp;Philip R. Spradling","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable disease that typically causes mild illness. Hepatitis A outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission have been widespread in the United States since 2016. We used public-use US Multiple Cause of Death data to compare characteristics and listed comorbidities among decedents with hepatitis A-listed deaths during non-outbreak (2011–2015) and outbreak (2017–2021) periods and assessed the median age at death among decedents with and without hepatitis A-listed deaths during the outbreak period. From the non-outbreak period to the outbreak period, hepatitis A-listed deaths more than doubled (from 369 to 801), while the hepatitis A-listed age-adjusted mortality rate increased 150% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). When compared with the non-outbreak period, hepatitis A-listed decedents during the outbreak period were more frequently male, aged 18–49 years, non-Hispanic White, died in an inpatient setting, and had hepatitis A listed as their underlying cause of death. The median age at death for hepatitis A-listed decedents was significantly younger during the outbreak period overall and among females (62 and 66 years, respectively) compared with the non-outbreak period (64 and 72 years, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). During the outbreak period, median age at death for hepatitis A-listed decedents was 14 years younger than decedents without hepatitis A listed. Compared with the general US population, decedents with hepatitis A listed on the death certificate died at younger ages during 2017–2021. Efforts are needed to improve hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults recommended for hepatitis A vaccination to prevent additional premature hepatitis A deaths.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 12","pages":"783-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among Breastfeeding Infants of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kevin Pak,&nbsp;Brittney Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sammy Saab","doi":"10.1111/jvh.14001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvh.14001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An integral component to achieving worldwide chronic hepatitis B (CHB) elimination is addressing vertical transmission. Guidelines differ in their recommendations for breastfeeding while on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). To conduct a systematic review of published studies analysing the concentration of tenofovir (TFV) in the breast milk of mothers receiving TDF and determining infant exposure from breastfeeding. We conducted a systematic literature search of studies evaluating infant safety from the breast milk of breastfeeding mothers receiving TDF for any indication that reported a TFV breast milk concentration. Daily infant exposure was used to calculate the relative dose of TFV in infants. Other pertinent information collected was the concentration of TFV in maternal and infant plasma, the duration of therapy of TDF and the indication for TDF. We identified 10 studies including 443 patients—266 of whom were mothers, and the remaining were infants—that reported the TFV concentration of breast milk in breastfeeding mothers receiving TDF. A total of 654 breast milk samples were included. The mean TFV concentration from all the studies that reported a median concentration of TFV was 4.8 ng/mL (95% CI [3.8, 5.8]). The mean infant exposure of TFV from breast milk was 0.56 μg/kg/day (95% CI [0.44, 0.68]). The mean relative dose was determined to be 0.01% of the weight-based recommended infant dose. Infant plasma levels of TFV were also collected. This was undetectable in a majority of the studies that reported it. Based on the negligible infant exposure of TFV while breastfeeding, from a pharmacologic and toxicity standpoint, maternal dosing of TDF appears safe for breastfeeding infants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis","volume":"31 11","pages":"760-767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}