Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Habits and Gut Microbiome: An Influence on Gut Brain Axis","authors":"Gyan Vandana Yadav","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(3)-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(3)-014","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate connections between the brain and the human gut provide a system of neurohumoral communication that may exist both ways. The link between the GI tract and the brain is so effectively-established that the central nervous system's health is always correlated with how well the gut performs. The majority of research on the gut-brain axis focuses on how mental health influences how effectively the GI system works. Recent research, however, suggests that the gut flora communicates with the brain via this axis to govern phenotypic alterations in the brain and behavior. The involvement of the microbes found in the stomach in the gut-brain axis is a significant breakthrough in identifying precise differences of the microbiota in the gut microbial constitution. However, because to the large number of intestinal bacteria and the difficulties associated with cultivating gut microbes, identifying the microbes that form the gut microbiota has emerged as the most serious scientific issue today. The current methods for identifying the microorganisms that comprise the gut microbiota rely heavily on emerging technologies and omics research techniques. In this article, we focus on the relationship between an individual's gut microbiota and the link between the gut and the brain, and we also consider the benefits and drawbacks of the present technology with high throughput for identifying the bacteria that together make up the gut microbiota, in order to further comprehend the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis. The relationship between the gut and the brain is the topic of this review. The narrative overview explores the relevant scientific literature to provide a comprehensive account of this extensive concern.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116042236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine Induced Herpes Zoster in An Immunocompetent Child After 3 months of 1st Dose of Vaccination","authors":"Fnu Raja","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-011","url":null,"abstract":"Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an enveloped double stranded linear virus, which belongs to the herpesvirus’s family. It can cause two clinically different forms of diseases, primary infection known as chicken pox and latent infection know as herpes zoster (Shingles). Primary infection presents with diffuse vesicular rash accompanied by fever, malaise, and pharyngitis. However, latent infection results from reactivation of dormant virus in an immunocompromised patient and presents with painful localized skin rashes called as shingles. Currently, in the US, 2 doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine are available to prevent VZV infection. One of the major side effects of vaccination are the rashes. We report a unique case of vaccine induced VZV infection in a previously healthy child that presents with vesicular rashes 3 months after 1st dose of vaccination. A 16-month-old child with past medical history of premature birth at 32 weeks, presented to the pediatric outpatient clinic with complains of well-demarcated, erythematous, dry rash on both labia. Parents denied fever, cough, or any other signs and symptoms associated with rashes. patient activity level was normal and oral intake was usual. PCR testing was performed was found to be negative for Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) and positive for VZV. Due to patient recent vaccination status, further classification of infection was needed to determine if the source of infection was wild type chicken pox or vaccine induced. A swab of one of the vesicular lesions was sent to the Ohio Department of Health, for vaccine vs wild-type strain PCR testing. The results were positive for Vaccine induced VZV infection. The patient was started on acyclovir therapy. On follow-up, the patient condition improved clinically. In pediatric populations, it is important to do extensive evaluation of rashes post vaccination as it can be occurred due to wild type, break through or it can be vaccine induced virus. Proper evaluation can significantly impact the management patients as they are maybe infectious and need to be isolated in wild type and breakthrough infection versus non-infectious in case of vaccine induced. After detailed clinical history and physical examination, it is important to investigate further through PCR testing to differentiate one category from another!","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"1076 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eat Healthy to Keep UTI’s at Bay","authors":"Tripti Malik","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-010","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are traditionally managed by antibiotics; leads to high health costs and antibiotic resistance. Diet supplementation with alkalizing agents, cranberries, fermented foods, probiotics and vitamins not only alleviates the symptoms but also boosts the immunity against UTIs.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124073673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index Status Determines Absolute CD4+ Count in Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Zambia","authors":"Christopher K. Nyirenda","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine if Body Mass Index would predict absolute CD4 count to suggest its contribution towards immune augmentation and viral suppression among the victims of HIV/AIDS. Design and methods: The researchers conducted a cross sectional-quantitative study involving 174 adult HIV/AIDS patient participants who were enrolled over a period of 18 months at Ndola Teaching Hospital in Ndola, Zambia. Participants were subjected to clinical assessments with anthropometry, viral load, CD4+ count and plasma fat measurements at control and repeated on a follow-up visit. The Wilcoxon rank sum analysis was used to analyze the quantitative parameters while the Chi square analysis was applied to analyze nominal variables by sex respectively. The main research question was addressed by establishing the association between Body Mass Index and CD4 count, adjusted for potential confounders using the multiple linear regression model. Results: The BMI was within the normal range for both male and female gender, although notably higher in the females [median=22.9; interquartile (20.4,27.5) kg/m2] than in the males [median=21; interquartile (18.8,23.9) kg/m2], p=0.01. The median CD4+ counts were found to be lower than the lower limit of the normal for the laboratory reference range of (500-1500 cells/ul) in both genders. There was a positive correlation between CD4+ count and the BMI in both unadjusted [Coef=0.05; 95%, CI(0.03,-0.08), p=0.00] and adjusted [Coef=0.04; 95% CI(0.00,0.07), p=0.03] models respectively. Similarly, there was a positive correlation between CD4+ count and the BMI [Coef=0.04; 95% CI(0.00,0.08), p=0.04], reported in the adjusted model for the female gender. Conclusion: Body mass index was found to be positively correlated with absolute CD4 count, and more substantively so by female gender.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127800532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Fat Status is Associated with the Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and may Predict Disease Progression in HIV/AIDS","authors":"Christopher Nyirend","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To establish the association between plasma fat status and the prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients.\u0000\u0000Design and Methods: A Cross Sectional and Quantitative study involving 174 adult HIV/AIDS patients recruited over a period of 18 months at a University Teaching Hospital in Ndola, Zambia. Participants were subjected to clinical assessments with anthropometry, CD4+ count, viral load and plasma fat measurements at baseline and repeated on a follow-up visit. The Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and the Chi square test for categorical variables were applied to compare the study population by gender. The main research question was addressed by establishing the association between Plasma fat and Opportunistic infections, adjusted for potential confounders using the multiple linear regression model.\u0000\u0000Results: The plasma fat status revealed a higher median total cholesterol of [3.86(3.02,4.62) mmol/l], median triglyceride [1.19(0.87,1.51) mmol/l] and LDL-c [2.31(1.58,2.90) mmol/l] for females than that for the males [3.53(3.06,4.61) mmol/l], [0.96(0.71,1.60) mmol/l] and [1.86(1.36,2.80) mmol/l] individually. In contrast, median HDL-c concentration were higher in the male [1.4(1.21,1.55) mmol/l] than the female gender [1.33(1.13,1.51) mmol/l]. The results per clinical status revealed relatively more males [17(27%)] than females [15(15.2%)], p=0.06 presenting with opportunistic infections. Results in both the overall and by gender regression analyses suggested a consistent inverse interaction involving most of the plasma fat types and BMI with opportunistic infections.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Plasma fat status was not significantly predictive of the prevalence of opportunistic infections. However, the consistent inverse association reported between plasma fat and opportunistic infections, may suggest a potential role of plasma fat in immune mechanisms or viral suppression and corresponding clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123632161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Molds in Post COVID -19 Patients: An experience from Tertiary Care Centre","authors":"N. Gade","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a global health crisis in the century with a heavy toll on human life. The second wave of COVID-19 was lethal for the patients as they had to combat the virus along with the opportunistic fungal and bacterial infections triggered by it. Mucormycosis gained attention for its widespread existence during this period of the second wave of COVID-19.\u0000\u0000Material & Methods: Various clinical samples like biopsy tissues from paranasal sinuses, deep nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, etc. were studied for the presence of fungal elements by KOH examination and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Identification of fungal isolate was done by growth characteristics, LPCB wet mount, and slide culture.\u0000\u0000Result: During the study period, a total of 214 samples were received of which 17 (7.9%) were positive for fungal growth. Rhizopus arrhizus was most frequently isolated. Diabetes mellitus and the use of steroid during COVID-19 hospitalization was observed to be common risk factors. Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis was found to be the commonest type.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Invasive mould infections can lead to fatal outcomes, if not detected timely. Accurate identification of the fungus is important for the administration of appropriate antifungal therapy.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125404029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Centers of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Science: Building Capacity for Enhancing Data Intensive Infectious Diseases Research in Africa","authors":"Maria Giovanni","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(2)-006","url":null,"abstract":"Africa faces both a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases coupled with unmet needs in bioinformatics and data science capabilities which impacts the ability of African biomedical researchers to vigorously pursue research and partner with institutions in other countries.\u0000\u0000The African Centers of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Science are collaborating with African academic institutions, industry partners, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in a public-private partnership to address these challenges through enhancing computational infrastructure, fostering the development of advanced bioinformatics and data science skills among local researchers and students and providing innovative emerging technologies for infectious diseases research.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130666560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ABO Blood Group With HIV Infection","authors":"O. E. Ifeanyi","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-001","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study determined the association of ABO and Rhesus blood groups with HIV infection. A total of 240 participants comprising 180 Test patients (HIV positive group) attending HIV screening and counseling Department of Federal Medical Center Owerri, Imo State, and 60 Control (HIV negative group) were recruited in the study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects and analyzed for blood group antigen using the tube method. The test and control subjects had all the blood groups except AB \"that was lacking in the test group. The blood group allotment was A (25.0%), B (23.8%), AB (5.0%), 0(46.2%), Rh+ (93.7%) and Rh (6.3%). In the HIV positive patients, blood group 0+ prevailed with a prevalence of 43.9% while blood group AB- was the least prevalent (0.0%). In the control subjects, blood group 0+ was also the most commonly identified (43.3%) while blood group B- was the least prevalent (1.7%). In this study, there was no relationship between blood group antigens and HIV infection (X=11.909, P=0.104). Infection with HIV was highest in the age group 21-30 years; the relationship was statistically significant (p=0.001). The infection was highest among female than the male; the association was statistically significant (p=0.0001). In conclusion, blood group antigens were not related to HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Diagnosis, Prevention and Control Strategies of Covid-19","authors":"M. Jamal","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-004","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 has shown to be responsible for respiratory illness outbreak within Hubei province of Wuhan in China that began in December, 2019.The virus has spread to about 192 countries. This review analyzed a number of research articles published till December, 2021 in order to understand the causes, diagnosis, control and prevention of such virus. Studies until now have revealed that its origination has a link to a sea-food market within Wuhan, but no precise association of animals has confirmed. The symptoms comprise fatigue, dry cough, fever, pneumonia, headache, dyspnea and diarrhea. Preventive measures like avoidance of public contact, contact tracing, hand hygiene practices, masks, quarantines and case detection are suggested for lowering the transmission. Up to now, several precise anti-viral treatment and effective vaccines are available for the control of COVID-19. Therefore, affected individuals mainly depends on supportive care, symptomatic treatment, antiviral therapy and available vaccines.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroiditis Should be Listed Among Adverse Effects of Covid-19 Vaccination","authors":"N. Mikhail","doi":"10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-jidm-1(1)-005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several cases of thyroiditis were recently reported in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).\u0000\u0000Objective: To determine characteristics of thyroiditis occurring following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.\u0000\u0000Methods: PubMed search up to April 26, 2022. Search terms are thyroiditis, SARS-Cov-2, vaccine, COVID-19. Case reports, case series, review articles and pertinent in vitro studies in English, Spanish and French are reviewed.\u0000\u0000Results: Review of literature revealed 97 patients with thyroiditis (71.3% women, age range 26-82 year-old) occurring following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Subjects reported from Turkey alone contributed to 50.5% of all cases. Seven cases (7.2%) presented with silent (painless) thyroiditis. Onset of thyroiditis symptoms ranged from 12 hours to 12 weeks after vaccination. In 74.2% of patients, these symptoms started between 3 to 15 days post-vaccination. The most frequently implicated vaccine was Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (55.7% of cases) followed by CoronaVac (21.6%), Moderna (8.5%) and AstraZeneca (6.1%). Thyroiditis cases were equally triggered after the first and second vaccine dose. Personal and family history of thyroid diseases and autoimmune diseases were uncommon (<5%). Among 7 patients who were re-vaccinated, 5 did not have relapse of thyroiditis, whereas 2 subjects had recurrence or worsening of thyroiditis symptoms. Clinical picture and course of thyroiditis induced by the vaccine generally mimic those of non-vaccine-related classic thyroiditis. Mechanisms of thyroiditis after COVID-19 vaccination are unclear but there is evidence of genetic predisposition related to specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA) haplotypes. Glucocorticoid therapy of thyroiditis may virtually decrease COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Thyroiditis should be listed among adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines to alert physicians and avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations. If possible, it may be better to avoid its treatment with glucocorticoids.","PeriodicalId":177340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases &amp; Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}