{"title":"FMCW Radar-Based Hand Gesture Recognition Using Dual-Stream CNN-GRU Model","authors":"Keivan Alirezazad, Linus Maurer","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924984","url":null,"abstract":"Data derived from mmWave radars, such as frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars, contains distinctive movement-based features that characterize each gesture uniquely and facilitate contactless human hand gesture recognition. This paper aims to use an advanced 77-GHz multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) FMCW radar with a deep-learning model to automate the extraction of these unique features. We forward this radar’s pre-processed range-Doppler and range-angle images (RDIs and RAIs) into a dual-stream artificial neural network to classify human hand gestures. The proposed multiple-input, single-output architecture comprises 2D convolutional neural network-gated recurrent units (2D CNNGRU). According to the conducted experiments, the average accuracy of the proposed classification model with 8-fold cross-validation achieves 92.50%.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134051225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pixelated Circularly Polarized SIW Horn Antenna With Nearly Equal Beamwidths in Principal Planes","authors":"Jaroslav Zechmeister, J. Lacik","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924837","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a circularly polarized Substrate Inte-grated Waveguide horn antenna with nearly equal beamwidths in principal planes is presented. The antenna is designed to operate at the 24 GHz ISM band. The antenna parameters enhancement is achieved using a pixelization strategy applied to its topology. For the design, a heuristic algorithm called Binary Ink Stamp optimization is exploited. The simulated proposed antenna provides a -10dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 21.4%, a 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of 4.1% and a gain 9.4 dBi. A difference between half-power beamwidths in principal planes over the 24 GHz ISM band is below 1°.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134387097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esref Turkmen, C. Zerna, Hamza Kandis, Ramona Hotopan, W. Debski, S. Scherbaum, A. Ott, Leonardo Govoni, A. Drost, Roger Frederick Dupont, Johann Josef Balbach-Sobkowicz
{"title":"Car Interior Radar for Advanced Life-Signs Detection","authors":"Esref Turkmen, C. Zerna, Hamza Kandis, Ramona Hotopan, W. Debski, S. Scherbaum, A. Ott, Leonardo Govoni, A. Drost, Roger Frederick Dupont, Johann Josef Balbach-Sobkowicz","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924731","url":null,"abstract":"European source with RF performance allowing low-power designs with operating frequencies beyond 100GHz (∼120 GHz) based on 2FDX technology for the first time. A thin RADAR IC for 120 GHz applications will be embedded in cavities of a silicon base wafer and/or into novel glass-based interposer structures and electrically interconnected to an antenna that is located directly aside the IC. RF circuits for IC, antenna and interconnects will be co-designed by 3D full wave EM simulations. This approach enables RF simulation and optimization of the whole IC/antenna package before manufacture. The use of standard semiconductor technology for the RF package on wafer-level ensures very high precision of interconnect geometry and optimum electrical performance. The entire system consists of an analog radar frontend implementing antennas in innovative mass volume packaging solution; assembled to a board (PCB) with additional functionality realizing the demonstrator sensor system. The radar signal processing instance will be used to process the data stream of sensor PCB in order to provide sensor data results to backend systems. The demonstrator will showcase a mm-wave radar solution operating beyond 100GHz (∼120 GHz) installed in a real vehicle environment.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131222615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crack Detection in Metallic Surfaces Based on Dumbbell-Shaped Defected Ground Structures in Microstrip Technology","authors":"Z. Shaterian, M. Mrozowski","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924958","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel crack detection sensor using a microstrip loaded with a Dumbbell-Shaped Defected Ground Structure (DS-DGS) is proposed. The sensing element is etched in the ground plane of a microstrip line and it is easy to fabricate. The electromagnetic (EM) field of the microstrip couples to the DS-DGS, thus demonstrating a bandstop behavior. It is shown that in the presence of a crack in a metallic surface underneath the sensor, the resonance frequency of the DS-DGS is shifted. This frequency shift can be used for crack sensing in metallic surfaces. The proposed sensor exhibits a good sensitivity above 260 MHz shift for a crack with a 200 μm width at the relatively low operating frequency of around 2 GHz.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132475877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rehman, P. Sai, J. A. Delgado Notario, D. B. But, P. Prystawko, Y. Ivonyak, G. Cywiński, W. Knap, S. Rumyantsev
{"title":"Comparative analysis of sub-THz detection in graphene, GaN HEMT, and FinFET devices","authors":"A. Rehman, P. Sai, J. A. Delgado Notario, D. B. But, P. Prystawko, Y. Ivonyak, G. Cywiński, W. Knap, S. Rumyantsev","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924892","url":null,"abstract":"We studied temperature-dependent photo response in the sub-THz regime (0.14 THz) of graphene and AlGaN/GaN-based field-effect transistors (FETs). Instead of measuring the voltage response using a lock-in amplifier, the current induced by the incoming sub-THz radiations was measured directly using the semiconductor parameters analyzer (SPA). Such an approach allows fast and multiple measurements as a function of temperature. We have observed that, while responsivity increase saturates at 50-100K, depending on the device, the noise equivalent power continues to decrease with the temperature decrease. Our results show the advantage of the graphene-based detectors over the GaN-based ones while operating at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114234583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenna Rotator Design by 3D Printing","authors":"O. Šimon, M. Popela","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924707","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the problematic availability or expensive purchasing costs of anechoic chamber for antenna parameter measurements, it would be worth considering a design of a low-cost alternative. This paper presents the design and implementation of an antenna platform that could be used for the measurement of basic radiation parameters of low power antennas. The antenna platform is manufactured by 3D printing. The aim of this paper is to describe the design and realization of the antenna rotator with focus on high accuracy of position control, variability of possible use (different types of antennas made of different materials) and low cost.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128163854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksander Kubeczek, Tim Freialdenhoven, T. Dallmann, A. Narbudowicz
{"title":"Polarization and Pattern Reconfigurable Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna Using PIN Diodes Grid","authors":"Aleksander Kubeczek, Tim Freialdenhoven, T. Dallmann, A. Narbudowicz","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924638","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a polarization and directivity reconfigurable Fabry-Perot cavity antenna. The design uses a grid of reconfigurable PIN didoes, with rows and columns of diodes being turned on/off to control the radiating aperture. The cavity is excited using circularly polarized patch antenna. Overall, the antenna can be reconfigured to radiate either that for a pol, which to control polarization and aperture size. The reconfiguration is controlled by switching rows and columns of PIN diodes that form the grid of Polarization Selective Surface PSS). For the linear polarization, the antenna offers 40 dB of cross polarization level, while the beam width can be altered from 20° to 32°. The antenna preserves 10 dB impedance bandwidth for all investigated configurations, with the exception when all diodes are turned on to block the radiation for all polarizations.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126851812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gyrotron microwave components cold testing","authors":"K. Nowak, G. Jaworski","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924809","url":null,"abstract":"Cold-testing of microwave components is required in high-power applications. It is a complementary method used together with full wave simulation software. Due to the cost and risks associated with the high-power emission, any errors in such devices should be detected and fixed before applying maximum output power. Additionally, when gyrotron is concerned, the resonator usually works with high-order modes. For this reason, conversion of the output power is required. All microwave components used to convert the radiation to Gaussian mode are built inside the gyrotron tube, which is under vacuum. Therefore, the cold testing and alignment of these components before tube assembly is a very helpful technique. The key element of the cold testing is a low-power microwave generator that is able to excite high-purity, high-order, azimuthal modes. To achieve this goal, a simple design method is proposed that allows one to create a TE mode generator, which can replace the gyrotron resonator tube during a cold test.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116214435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sorocki, I. Piekarz, S. Gruszczynski, K. Wincza
{"title":"Additively Fabricated 90° Waveguide Twist Integrated with Printed Circuit Board","authors":"J. Sorocki, I. Piekarz, S. Gruszczynski, K. Wincza","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924965","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an implementation of a 90-deg twist for polarization rotation in a PCB-integrated air-filled waveguide. A recently developed stack-up that combines on-PCB microstrip line with additively fabricated waveguide by sharing the same ground plane on PCB for high integrated electronics applications is explored. The twist construction that maintains a constant-plane orientation of one of the walls with on-PCB metal is adopted. The concept was experimentally verified by fabrication and measurements of an exemplary twist in WR-42 waveguide geometry centered at f0 = 10.5 GHz. The results prove that two polarization orientations can be used in the integrated stack-up.","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115672970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Johansen, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, C. Mismer, R. Hersent, A. Konczykowska
{"title":"InP DHBT D-Band Stacked Power Amplifier","authors":"T. Johansen, V. Nodjiadjim, M. Riet, C. Mismer, R. Hersent, A. Konczykowska","doi":"10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9924928","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a D-band stacked power amplifier in a 0.7-×m InP DHBT technology is reported. The power amplifier is implemented using a novel finite-ground elevated coplanar waveguide (FG-ECPW) interconnect environment leading to low-loss power combination. A miniaturized Wilkinson power combiner demonstrates a low loss of ~0.5 dB when measured in a back-to-back configuration. A fabricated two-stage two-way combined triple stacked power amplifier demonstrates a small-signal gain of 14.9 dB at 118 GHz and a - 3 dB bandwidth from 111.2 GHz to 130.6 GHz. The amplifier reaches a peak output power of 17 dBm at 120 GHz. The corresponding large-signal power gain is 9 dB and the PAE is 7.2%","PeriodicalId":177285,"journal":{"name":"2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114615791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}