Proceedings of WESCON'95最新文献

{"title":"GaAs IC technology for wireless communications applications","authors":"V. Nair","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485427","url":null,"abstract":"Present day wireless communication products rewire low Dower consumDtion receivers and GaAs Materia, high efficiency transmitters. Long battery life, light weight, small size and low cost are few of the key parameters that determine the success of a portable communication product. The size and weight of wireless products can be drastically reduced by decreasing the number of battery cells. RF power amplifiers are the highest energy consumption component of portable communication equipment. The introduction of GaAs MESFET, HFET, and HBT into wireless communications equipment increased the performance level of RF power functions. A significant improvement in DC to RF conversion efficiency over the previous bipolar RF power amplifiers was achieved. In order to meet the customer demand for longer talk time, low power receiver ICs and high efficiency power amplifiers are being designed into wireless communications products. Semiconductor devices with better noise figure-gain performance and higher efficiency are needed to maintain the same RF performance at lower voltages. Linearity of the device is also very important for the transmitter and receiver applications. GaAs device and IC technology has many salient features that make it an ideal candidate for wireless communication applications. GaAs IC receivers lead to a reduction in the number of parts and interconnects and, hence, the size High resistivity GaAs has been the subject of study for over thirty years. GaAs material has larger energy band gap and higher drift velocity than silicon. The higher drift velocity at low electric field leads to higher mobility for GaAs devices. Some of the important material properties of Si and GaAs are shown Table I. The semi-insulating nature of the GaAs enabled the fabrication of active and passive components on the same substrate. This unique property of GaAs facilitated the Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology. In MMIC approach, the active devices(FETs and diodes), and passive components like inductors, capacitors, resistors and transmission lines are fabricated on a GaAs wafer. Incorporation of the on-chip passive components resulted in the realization of miniaturized ICs with very good frequency response. GaAs IC technology is now a matured technology and GaAs MMlCs with excellent performance are commercially available today. This technology is highly suited for higher frequency applications since the components size shrink as the frequency is increased. However active and passive device modeling, and circuit design and layout techniques are not as well advanced as those used in digital or analog IC technology.","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127885724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sourceless, low-cost head tracker for virtual reality head mounted displays","authors":"George Hsu, J. J. James","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485487","url":null,"abstract":"An integral part to the true virtual reality experience lies within the immersion of the participant into the virtual world created on the Head Mounted Display headset. A critical element in achieving this type of immersion is the tracking of the wearer’s point of view so that the software being run can update the environmental information to correspond with the wearer‘s head position. Precision Navigation, Inc. is a leading supplier of modules to the Virtual Reality community which allows these headset manufacturers to sourcelessly and cost effectively obtain head orientation. As more arid more headset manufacturers attempt to penetrate the consumer market, the cost of each critical component becomes more and more important. One of these critical components is the headtracking device.","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"7 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127513581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal neurocontrol: practical benefits, new results and biological evidence","authors":"P. Werbos","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485445","url":null,"abstract":"From late 1993 to March 1995, five groups have presented -for the first time -serious engineering accomplishments in simulations of control designs which meet four criteria for what is a \"brain-like\" intelligent system. In addition to demonstrated, intelligible engineering functionality, a \"brain-like'' system should contain at least three major general-purpose adaptive components: (1) an Action or Motor system, capable of outputting effective control signals to the plant or environment; (2) an \"Emotional\" or \"Evaluation\" system or \"Critic,\" used to assess the long-term costs and benefits of near-term alternative outcomes; (3) an \"Expectations\" or \"System Identification\" component, which serves as a model or emulator of the external environment or of the plant to be controlled. This paper will: (1) summarize the practical advantages of moving from more classical designs to more brain-like designs, in today's engineering applications; (2) summarize the recent accomplishments of the 5 groups mentioned above; (3) argue that these designs (with some enhancement) do constitute a worthwhile theory of how intelligence works in the brain, generating testable predictions and proposed experiments; (4) scope out some key areas of research needed to implement the required enhancements in engineering. 1 Background and Introduction From the Abstract, you can see that this paper will provide a highly condensed summary of a huge amount of material. Except for some of the recent material on brain linkages, the details are described at a more reasonable pace -with more complete logic -in other sources, which I will cite and stress. Back in 1981[1] and 1987[2], I published a simplified \"straw man\" model of the brain as an intelligent learning system, based on a form of reinforcement learning or optimization, with backpropagation (but not supervised learning!) as a pervasive tool down in the lowest-level subsystems. This model was oversimplified (for reasons discussed at length in [2]), but it did promise to reproduce four basic attributes required in any credible model of intelligence in the brain: (1) It contained an \"emotional system,\" a subsystem to estimate the values of observed objects or variables to the organism (Le., secondary reinforcement); (2) It contained an \"expectations\" or \"prediction\" subsystem, which -as Grossberg has often stressed -is essential to replicating basic experiments in \"classical conditioning\"; (3) It contained an \"action\" or \"motor\" system, a system to calculate the movements of muscles or other actuators required in order to implement the values calculated by the value system; (4) It made sense, purely as an engineering system, designed to solve very difficult, generic problems in optimal control based on learning. In retrospect, as I look back on that model and the other work which has appeared in the last few years, I now have a higher opinion of the value of that \"simple\" model. So far as I know, it is still the only model which ","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121311742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of IRIDIUM satellite network","authors":"K. Maine, C. Devieux, P. Swan","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121444427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen powered sports car series (internal combustion engine and fuel cells)","authors":"J. Gotthold","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127384065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design methodology for microcontroller core-based ASIC design","authors":"Rwei Lo, D. Chu, A. Soboleski, M. El-Khatib, Y. Sakaguchi","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125026172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnect modeling using integrated time-domain and frequency-domain techniques","authors":"H. You, C. Yeh, B. Gadepally","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485257","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an integrated time- and-frequency-domain technique for characterization and modeling of parasitic effects associated with interconnects. This technique enables direct measurements of critical transient as well as frequency responses of interconnects; accurate and efficient SPICE model extraction for coupled lines; and cross-domain verification of the measured data as well as the extracted models. To illustrate its application this technique is applied to characterize and extract the equivalent circuit model of the I/O bus on a real-world printed circuit board.","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131446399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcontrollers in variable frequency inverters","authors":"W. Bacharowski","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485244","url":null,"abstract":"In some appliances it is desirable to control the speed of the induction motor. Because of the physics of the of the induction motor the preferred method of controlling its speed is to vary the frequency of the AC voltage driving the motor. The motor will rotate at a speed that is some multiple of the driving frequency based on the number of poles in the motor. This is an open loop type of control and the motor’s load will have an effect on the final steady state speed. Historically, this approach has been expensive and this has limited its application in the consumer market.","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129868455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High resolution microscopic imaging with X-rays: technology and application to the biological sciences","authors":"B. W. Lee, S. Rothman","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485480","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the invention of the visible light microscope, there has been a quest for ever sharper views of microscopic biological structure. Even before the advent of electron microscopy, it was recognized that the short wavelengths of x-rays could in principle allow high resolution imaging. But only in the last decade or so have technological advances made the original promise of biological x-ray microscopy realizable. These advances include the development of sources, optics, and detectors for the low energy x-rays ({open_quotes}soft{close_quotes} x-rays) best suited for imaging cellular structure. Modern x-ray microscopy (XM) is a versatile tool that offers several modes of operation and a variety of contrast mechanisms. Some of these may be viewed simply as high resolution extensions of existing visible light methods, while others are unique to x-rays, allowing new views of biological samples. XM fills a special niche between visible light microscopy (VLM) and electron microscopy (EM): it combines resolution beyond VLM, currently 30 to 50 nm, with penetration depth much greater than EM, up to several micrometers of water and organic material. Thus it can be used to image whole cells in an aqueous environment, in a near native state, potentially even living. In addition, itmore » is capable of quantitative, element specific mapping with high sensitivity.« less","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133832660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in the fifth generation MACH complex PLD family architecture","authors":"K. Ahrens, A. Khu","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1995.485276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1995.485276","url":null,"abstract":"AMD's MACH family of Complex PLDs (CPLDs) are capable of implementing high density, complex logic solutions with fast predictable speed. Architecture innovations in the MACH family of devices include: hierarchical architecture, flexible routing with 100% routability, in-system programming, JTAG compliance, predictable speed, innovative logic, intelligent logic allocation, power down features, and the ability to retain pinouts with logic changes. These devices are designed to be easy to use and have the lowest cost of ownership. This paper focuses on the architecture innovations of the tiRh generation MACH family of devices and their applications in computing and communications. AMD's Fifth Generation MACH 5 family of devices, the MACH Value Plus (MVP), are carefully crafted to address the application requirements of the computing and communications market segments while satisfying the bulk of requirements in other market segments. These devices have significant performance, density, power and cost advantages over previous MACH and competing CPLD architectures. These include higher performance, predictable speed, lower power, better routing, and smaller die size. These devices are also designed to be easy to use and have the lowest cost of ownership. Features in these devices were developed in response to market needs and future requirements in computing and in communications. These two segments consume more than half of all PLDs sold. In both segments, processing elements often drive requirements for other devices, and all elements drive requirements for programmable logic. It is unusual for a PLD to be a design bottleneck, so MACH 5 anticipates future needs and bottlenecks of these market segments. The needs of the industrial market correspond to computing and communications but at the industrial temperature and supply voltage range. All MACH 5 devices will also be offered in this industrial temperature range. Communications (Telecom, Networking) Figure 1.1997 PLD MARKET SEGMENTATION, SOURCE IN-STAT In the computing industry, data bus widths have moved from 16-bit to 32-bit and the 64-bit data bus is beginning to appear. PLDs are often used for data path manipulation and functions such as parity checking, and the increased data bus width will require higher I/O count devices. PLDs are often used to implement new standards before chip sets are available, and the increasing number of alternative architecture microprocessors will ISBN# 0-7803-2636-9 196 provide ample opportunity for PLDs. All of these high-end microprocessors will have bus speeds faster than 100 MHz. The highest density PLD's must support these speeds for data path and control operations. The communications market segment includes both telecommunications and networking. PLDs are often used for interfacing, DRAM control, and data path manipulation. Increased bandwidths require faster PLDs and increased datawidths require more I/O. Communications is becoming less centralized, forcing","PeriodicalId":177121,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON'95","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132750109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}