Journal of virological methods最新文献

{"title":"Development and preliminary validation of a MERS-CoV ELISA for serological testing of camels and alpacas","authors":"Leanne McNabb ,&nbsp;Peter A. Durr ,&nbsp;Ross Lunt ,&nbsp;Jennifer Barr ,&nbsp;Timothy E. Adams ,&nbsp;Lesley Pearce ,&nbsp;Leo L.M. Poon ,&nbsp;Ranawaka AP M. Perera ,&nbsp;Getnet Fekadu Demissie ,&nbsp;Timothy R. Bowden","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study describes the development and preliminary validation of a new serological assay using MERS-CoV S1 protein in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. This assay has the advantage of being able to test MERS-CoV serum samples in a PC2 laboratory without the need for a high-level biocontainment laboratory (PC3 or PC4), which requires highly trained and skilled staff and a high level of resources and equipment. Furthermore, this MERS-CoV S1 ELISA enables a larger number of samples to be tested quickly, with results obtained in approximately five hours. The MERS-CoV S1 ELISA demonstrated high analytical specificity, with no cross-reactivity observed in serum of animals infected with other viruses, including different coronaviruses. We tested 166 positive and 40 negative camel serum samples and have estimated the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) to be 99.4% (95% CI: 96.7 – 100.0%) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) to be 100% (95% CI: 97.2%-100.0%) relative to the assigned serology results (ppNT and VNT) using a S/P ratio cut-off value of &gt;0.58. The findings of this study showed that our MERS-CoV S1 ELISA was more sensitive than the commercial EUROIMMUN ELISA (Se 99.4% vs 84.9%) and comparable to the ppNT assay, and therefore could be used as a diagnostic aid in countries in the Middle East where MERS-CoV is endemic in dromedary camels. The assay reagents and protocol were easily adapted and transferred from an Australian laboratory to a laboratory in the University of Hong Kong. Thus, the results described here show that the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA represents a cheap, rapid, robust, and reliable assay to support surveillance of MERS-CoV in camels in endemic regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093424000478/pdfft?md5=02dfb2a5553c490c60448375a5628a68&pid=1-s2.0-S0166093424000478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of a 2D primary gill cell culture of the sevenband grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus)","authors":"Rahul Rajendran ,&nbsp;Rahul Krishnan ,&nbsp;Myung-Joo Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 2D primary gill cell culture system of the sevenband grouper (<em>Hyporthodus septemfasciatus</em>) was established to validate the pathogenesis of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) as observed in previous studies. This system, developed using the double-seeded insert (DSI) technique, yielded confluent cell layers. Upon challenge with NNV in a setup containing both autoclaved salt water and L15 media in the apical compartment, viral replication akin to that anticipated based on previous studies was observed. Consequently, we advocate for the utilization of primary gill cell culture as a viable alternative to conventional methodologies for investigating host pathogen interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved SARS-CoV-2 RNA recovery in wastewater matrices using a CTAB-based extraction method","authors":"María Julia Ousset ,&nbsp;Luis Alfredo Pianciola ,&nbsp;Melina Mazzeo ,&nbsp;Juan Martín Oteiza ,&nbsp;María Soledad Jaureguiberry ,&nbsp;Andrés Venturino ,&nbsp;Patricia Angélica Barril","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wastewater-based epidemiology has allowed tracking the magnitude and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in communities, allowing public health officials to prepare for impending outbreaks. While many factors influence recovery of SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater, proper extraction, concentration, and purification of RNA are key steps to ensure accurate detection of viral particles. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four commonly used RNA extraction methods for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome in sewage samples artificially inoculated with the virus, in order to identify a protocol that improves viral recovery. These methods included CTAB-based, TRIzol-based, and guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC)-based extraction procedures coupled with silica spin column-based purification, and an automated extraction/purification protocol using paramagnetic particles. Following RNA extraction, virus recovery rates were compared using RT-qPCR-based detection. The CTAB-based approach yielded the highest recovery rates and was the only method to consistently demonstrate stable virus recovery percentages regardless of the specific physicochemical characteristics of the samples tested. The TRIzol method proved to be the second most effective, yielding significantly higher recovery rates compared to both the GTC-based and the automated extraction methods. These results suggest that the CTAB-based approach could be a useful tool for the recovery of viral RNA from complex wastewater matrices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal conditions for adenoviral transduction of immature dendritic cells without affecting the tolerogenic activity of DC-based immunotherapy","authors":"Qian Jian ,&nbsp;Zongli Fu ,&nbsp;Hanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Hanyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immune tolerance. Using recombinant adenovirus (rAd) to deliver vectors to immature dendritic cells (imDCs) is an important method for studying the tolerogenic function of DCs. We found that using RPMI medium and a higher MOI during transduction increased the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC-II on the surface of imDCs. Our data reveal a significant increase in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the group showing the most pronounced phenotypic changes. In the mouse heart transplant model, imDCs with unstable phenotype and function due to adenoviral transduction resulted in an increased proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in recipients. However, these effects can be managed, and our proposed optimized transduction strategy significantly minimizes these adverse effects. Our study holds significant implications for the development and optimization of immunotherapy utilizing tolerogenic dendritic cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of enzymatic and viability dye treatment in combination with long-range PCR on assessing Tulane virus infectivity","authors":"Sarah M. Stoppel ,&nbsp;Bjørn Tore Lunestad ,&nbsp;Mette Myrmel","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human norovirus (HuNoV) is regularly involved in food-borne infections. To detect infectious HuNoV in food, RT-qPCR remains state of the art but also amplifies non-infectious virus. The present study combines pre-treatments, RNase and propidium monoazide, with three molecular analyses, including long-range PCR, to predominantly detect infectious Tulane virus (TuV), a culturable HuNoV surrogate. TuV was exposed to inactivating conditions to assess which molecular method most closely approximates the reduction in infectious virus determined by cell culture (TCID₅₀). After thermal treatments (56 °C/5 min, 70 °C/5 min, 72 °C/20 min), TCID₅₀ reductions of 0.3, 4.4 and 5.9 log₁₀ were observed. UV exposure (40/100/1000 mJ/cm²) resulted in 1.1, 2.5 and 5.9 log₁₀ reductions. Chlorine (45/100 mg/L for 1 h) reduced infectious TuV by 2.0 and 3.0 log₁₀. After thermal inactivation standard RT-qPCR, especially with pre-treatments, showed the smallest deviation from TCID₅₀. On average, RT-qPCR with pre-treatments deviated by 1.1–1.3 log₁₀ from TCID₅₀. For UV light, long-range PCR was closest to TCID₅₀ results. Long-range reductions deviated from TCID₅₀ by ≤0.1 log₁₀ for mild and medium UV-conditions. However, long-range analyses often resulted in qPCR non-detects. At higher UV doses, RT-qPCR with pre-treatments differed by ≤1.0 log₁₀ from TCID₅₀. After chlorination the molecular methods repeatedly deviated from TCID₅₀ by &gt;1.0 log₁₀, Overall, each method needs to be further optimized for the individual types of inactivation treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093424000430/pdfft?md5=cdc919b5c592e3bca10d7ce4c7e22793&pid=1-s2.0-S0166093424000430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex PCR method for MinION sequencing of Bagaza virus isolated from wild caught mosquitoes in South Africa","authors":"T.R. Sekee ,&nbsp;R. Bubuluma ,&nbsp;D. van Jaarsveldt ,&nbsp;P.A. Bester ,&nbsp;F.J. Burt","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bagaza virus (BAGV) is a mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus known to occur in regions of southern Europe, Africa, India and the Middle East. The virus has been associated with neurological disease and fatalities in various wild bird species. Association with human disease is not confirmed although limited serological evidence has suggested human infection. Surveillance programs for screening mosquitoes for evidence of arbovirus infection play an important role in providing information regarding the circulation and spread of viruses in specific regions. BAGV was detected in a mosquito pool during surveillance of mosquitoes collected in central South Africa between November 2019 and March 2023. Homogenized mosquito pools were screened for flaviviral RNA using conventional RT-PCR and virus isolation was attempted on positive samples. BAGV was detected and subsequently isolated using cell culture. A multiplex tiling PCR method for targeted enrichment using a PCR based or amplicon sequencing approach of the complete genome of BAGV was developed and optimized. Primers were designed using alignment of complete genome sequence data retrieved from GenBank to identify suitable primer sites that would generate overlapping fragments spanning the complete genome. Six forward primers and eight reverse primers were identified that target the complete genome and amplified nine overlapping fragments, that ranged in length from 1954 to 2039 with an overlap ranging from 71 to 711 base pairs. The design strategy included multiple forward and reverse primer pairs for the 5’ and 3’ ends. Phylogenetic analysis with other isolates was performed and BAGV isolate VBD 74/23/3 was shown to share high similarity with previous BAGV isolates from all regions, with genetic distance ranging from 0.026 to 0.083. VBD 74/23/3 was most closely related to previous isolates from southern Africa, ZRU96/16/2 isolated from a post-mortem sample from a pheasant in 2016 and MP-314-NA-2018 isolated from mosquitoes in northwestern Namibia with genetic distance 0.0085 and 0.016 respectively. Currently there is limited complete genome sequence data available for many of the arboviruses circulating in Africa. The multiplex tiling method provided a simple and cost-effective method for obtaining complete genome sequence. This method can be readily applied to other viruses using sequence data from publicly available databases and would have important application facilitating genomic surveillance of arboviruses in low resource countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093424000417/pdfft?md5=01430322af59dd70d5e326aeee0ba7b8&pid=1-s2.0-S0166093424000417-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-process quality control in foot-and-mouth disease vaccine production by detection of viral non-structural proteins using chemiluminescence dot blot assay","authors":"Uzma Jabeen,&nbsp;Kailash Singh Bisht,&nbsp;Huildore Bommanna Ranjitha,&nbsp;Madhusudan Hosamani,&nbsp;Beeragere Parameshwaraiah Sreenivasa,&nbsp;Pratik M. Kulkarni,&nbsp;Dombesara Chandrashekar Nidhi,&nbsp;Rajegowdanadoddi Lakshmana Amulya,&nbsp;Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash,&nbsp;Hosur Joyappa Dechamma,&nbsp;Aniket Sanyal,&nbsp;Suresh H. Basagoudanavar","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of cloven-footed animals. Immunization with inactivated virus vaccine is effective to control the disease. Six-monthly vaccination regimen in endemic regions has proven to be effective. To enable the differentiation of infected animals from those vaccinated, non-structural proteins (NSPs) are excluded during vaccine production. While the antibodies to structural proteins (SPs) could be observed both in vaccinated and infected animals, NSP antibodies are detectable only in natural infection. Quality control assays that detect NSPs in vaccine antigen preparations, are thus vital in the FMD vaccine manufacturing process. In this study, we designed a chemiluminescence dot blot assay to detect the 3A and 3B NSPs of FMDV. It is sensitive enough to detect up to 20 ng of the NSP, and exhibited specificity as it does not react with the viral SPs. This cost-effective assay holds promise in quality control assessment in FMD vaccine manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the murine osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1 as a permissive cell line in response to lumpy skin disease virus","authors":"Ting You ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Gao ,&nbsp;Xiangping Yin ,&nbsp;Yuefeng Sun ,&nbsp;Guirong Wang ,&nbsp;Hao-tai Chen ,&nbsp;Shanhui Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a rapidly emerging pathogen in China. Screening suitable cells for LSDV replication is vital for future research on pathogenic mechanisms and vaccine development. Previous comparative studies have identified that the rodent-derived BHK21 is a highly susceptible cell model to LSDV infection. Using western blot, indirect immune-fluorescence assay, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy methods, this study is the first to identify the murine osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 as a novel permissive cell model for LSDV infection. The establishment of MC3T3-E1 as a suitable infectious cell model enhances our understanding of the species range and cell types of the permissive cells and nonpermissive that support LSDV replication. It is helpful to accelerate future research on the pathogenesis, clinical application, and vaccine development of LSDV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching the complexity of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus serology: A study in swine","authors":"Caroline Bost ,&nbsp;Sabrina Castro-Scholten ,&nbsp;Balal Sadeghi ,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza ,&nbsp;Mario Frías ,&nbsp;Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Martin H. Groschup ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra ,&nbsp;Kerstin Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic orthonairovirus of public health concern and widespread geographic distribution. Several animal species are known to seroconvert after infection with CCHFV without showing clinical symptoms. The commercial availability of a multi-species ELISA has led to an increase in recent serosurveillance studies as well as in the range of species reported to be exposed to CCHFV in the field, including wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>). However, development and validation of confirmatory serological tests for swine based on different CCHFV antigens or test principles are hampered by the lack of defined control sera from infected and non-infected animals. For the detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in swine, we established a swine-specific in-house ELISA using a panel of swine sera from CCHFV-free regions and regions with reported CCHFV circulation. We initially screened more than 700 serum samples from wild boar and domestic pigs and observed a correlation of ≃67% between the commercial and the in-house test. From these sera, we selected a panel of 60 samples that were further analyzed in a newly established indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) and virus neutralization test. ELISA-non-reactive samples tested negative. Interestingly, only a subset of samples reactive in both ELISA and iIFA displayed CCHFV-neutralizing antibodies. The observed partial discrepancy between the tests may be explained by different test sensitivities, antibody cross-reactivities or suggests that the immune response to CCHFV in swine is not necessarily associated with eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Overall, this study highlights that meaningful CCHFV serology in swine, and possibly other species, should involve the performance of multiple tests and careful interpretation of the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093424000399/pdfft?md5=29c18754872280e93e466188b6c545b3&pid=1-s2.0-S0166093424000399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the first HBV qRT-PCR assay in the Mediterranean area targeting the X region","authors":"Salma Madihi ,&nbsp;Chaimaa Laassili ,&nbsp;Samia Boukaira ,&nbsp;Warda Baha ,&nbsp;Meriem Khyatti ,&nbsp;Abdelmajid Zyad ,&nbsp;Sanae Ben Mkaddem ,&nbsp;Abdelouaheb Benani","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health burden and affects approximatively 300 million people around the world. Since, HBV population is represented with genetic diversity, having different viral effects. Development of a new prognosis method play a key role on the efficiency of the different treatment. The HBx protein of HBV has a potential role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), which makes it a valuable target for HCC prognosis. In this context, the first quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay in the Mediterranean area was developed and validated.</p><p>Specific primers and probes of a conserved X region across all HBV genotypes were designed and the qRT-PCR was performed with the TaqPath 1-Step Multiplex Master Mix on 441 Moroccan plasma samples in Pasteur Institute of Morocco.</p><p>The assay demonstrated a linear quantification range of 10¹⁰–10¹ IU/reaction (R² = 0.99) and a quantification limit of 15 IU/mL. Comparative evaluations with the COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) HBV, v2.0 and the <em>artus</em> HBV QS-RGQ assays showed strong correlations (R² = 0.92 and R² = 0.89, respectively).</p><p>Our test is fast, highly sensitive, specific, reproducible, and labor-saving. This system will be of great advantage to Mediterranean countries in their efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis B and C by 2030, enabling precise monitoring and effective treatment of HBV infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}