Journal of virological methods最新文献

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for rapid on-site detection of cucumber mosaic virus","authors":"Sisi Kong ,&nbsp;Ming Ge ,&nbsp;Hongqian Liu ,&nbsp;Tongle Xin ,&nbsp;Zuoze Li ,&nbsp;Ziqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Li ,&nbsp;Shengqi Chi ,&nbsp;Xinran Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) globally causes substantial yield reduction and economic losses across a wide range of crops. Current diagnostic methods predominantly rely on laboratory-based techniques requiring stringent laboratory conditions and specialized expertise, limiting practicality for field-based detection. To address these limitations, we developed a novel colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay (CGIA) for rapid and reliable CMV detection. Through systematic optimization of key parameters, the assay achieved optimal performance with 0.5 μg/mL coating antigen and 0.5 mg/mL quality control antigen, and the minimum detectable concentration of the gold-conjugated antibody was determined to be 0.25 mg/mL. Validation studies demonstrated the test strip's ability to deliver reliable results through visual interpretation within 10 min. This field-deployable platform offers distinct advantages, including operational simplicity and adaptability to environmental conditions. The developed assay represents a significant advancement in plant viral diagnostics by eliminating the need for specialized laboratory infrastructure while maintaining analytical reliability, providing an essential tool for implementing timely phytosanitary interventions in resource-limited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) -based method for rapid genotyping of bovine coronaviruses","authors":"Nobuki Yoshizawa ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Saigo ,&nbsp;Tohru Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outbreaks of diarrhea and respiratory symptoms caused by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) have been reported worldwide, leading to significant economic losses. It is important to genetically analyze the spike (S) gene of this virus as it is closely linked to its antigenicity and virulence, in order to quickly understand the molecular characteristics of circulating BCoVs. A previous study showed that BCoVs can be easily genotyped using reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using <em>Ava</em>II and <em>Eco</em>O65I enzymes targeted on the polymorphic region in the S1 subunit of the S gene. However, we found that a total number of 19 BCoV strains, including three BCoV strains isolated in this study and 16 Japanese BCoV strains available in GenBank, could not be genotyped by the original RT-PCR/RFLP analysis <em>in silico</em>. This study aimed to modify the original RT-PCR/RFLP assay by introducing additional restriction enzymes (<em>Ava</em>II, <em>Eco</em>O65I, <em>Afa</em>I, and <em>Bsp</em>1286I) to more accurately genotype recent Japanese BCoV strains without sequencing. As a result, the newly designed RT-PCR/RFLP analysis we established led to 98.3 % (291 of 296 BCoV strains used in this study) highly improved the accuracy of genotyping of BCoV. Therefore, this modified RT-PCR/RFLP method is useful for rapidly monitoring BCoVs, as it is a simple, easy, and inexpensive analysis that does not require sequencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) serological and molecular diagnosis for alternative blood samples","authors":"Viviane Brandão Gomes de Sousa ,&nbsp;Vanessa Duarte da Costa ,&nbsp;Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro ,&nbsp;Juliana Custódio Miguel ,&nbsp;Silvia Uehara ,&nbsp;Larissa Melo Bandeira ,&nbsp;Youko Nukui ,&nbsp;Marco Antonio Moreira Puga ,&nbsp;Livia Melo Villar","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HTLV-1 is a bloodborne virus that poses diagnostic challenges and can cause severe complications. Diagnosis is made by serological and molecular assays that are laborious in some conditions. This study aims to optimize methods for molecular and serological diagnosis using less invasive samples and rapid assays. A total of 125 individuals donated whole blood, dried blood spots (DBS), and serum samples. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was used for HTLV-1 detection in whole blood (extracted, in natura, and inactivated) and DBS samples while electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) was used to detect anti-HTLV1/2 in serum and DBS. HTLV LAMP presented the highest performance in whole blood (extracted) with sensitivity of 92 % and specificity of 100 %. LAMP for inactivated samples had a sensitivity of 47.4 % and specificity of 100 %, whereas in natura samples had a sensitivity of 50 % and specificity of 100 %. The whole blood HTLV-1 LAMP had a limit detection of 0.02 ng/µL and 100 % precision. DBS LAMP carried out after DNA extraction yielded similar results, with a sensitivity 43 of 90 % (36/40). The average DNA concentration was 5.05 ± 5.2 ng/µL. For anti-HTLV1/2 testing, DBS yielded sensitivity of 97.6 % (86/88) and total specificity (0/29). The mean SD of optical density to cut off (OD/CO) value was 37.2 ± 36.8 in reactive samples and 0.3 ± 0.05 in negative samples. In conclusion, DBS testing demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting anti-HTLV-1 and HTLV DNA, which could facilitate the diagnosis of this infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative performance of serum and plasma samples in SARS-CoV-2 serology and neutralization assays","authors":"Hiba Alami Chentoufi ,&nbsp;Yannick Galipeau ,&nbsp;Corey Arnold ,&nbsp;Danielle Dewar-Darch ,&nbsp;Aaron Dyks ,&nbsp;Curtis Cooper ,&nbsp;Marc-André Langlois","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic catalyzed the rapid development and deployment of serological assays, which have been pivotal for monitoring antibody responses to infection and vaccination, guiding vaccine design, and shaping public health strategies. Historically, serum and plasma samples have been considered largely interchangeable in serological testing. However, the precise extent of their similarity or potential differences in antibody detection and quantification remains not fully characterized. This distinction is critical as the choice of sample type carries practical and economic implications, particularly in large-scale seroprevalence studies. To address this, we evaluated IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies targeting key SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike, RBD, and N) and assessed neutralization efficiency in 124 paired serum and plasma samples collected simultaneously. Using both manual and automated serological and neutralization assays, we demonstrated that while serum and plasma differ in recovered volume, this difference does not affect antibody concentration or functional neutralization. Our findings confirm that serum and plasma are effectively interchangeable for SARS-CoV-2 serological studies, providing robust evidence to support streamlined, flexible, and cost-effective study designs without compromising data accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHERLOCK, a novel CRISPR-Cas13a-based assay for detection of infectious bursal disease virus","authors":"Nancy K. Ramadan ,&nbsp;Noha Gaber ,&nbsp;Naglaa M. Ali ,&nbsp;Omar S.O. Amer ,&nbsp;Hatem Soliman","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an extremely contagious viral infection that primarily affects young chicks, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The disease is caused by a double-stranded RNA virus of the genus Avibirnavirus, family Birnaviridae, namely, the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Unfortunately, current methods for detecting IBDV lack adequate sensitivity. Accordingly, the advantages of the Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing (SHERLOCK) assay were employed to develop an ultrasensitive assay (IBD-SHERLOCK assay) for the detection of IBDV in clinical chicken tissues. The assay comprises two steps: isothermal preamplification of the target RNA through reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and a subsequent detection step, which is based on the CRISPR-Cas13a system. The integration of lateral flow (LFD) visual detection of the IBD-SHERLOCK products strengthens the feasibility of the assay for use as a point-of-care test in chicken farms. Compared with RT–qPCR, this method exhibited ultra-analytical and clinical sensitivity. The assay has a lower detection limit of 5 aM, which is equivalent to three IBDV-RNA molecules. The assay demonstrated the ability to detect IBDV-RNA in 70 clinical field samples, 15 of which tested negative by RT–qPCR. This evidence highlights its superior sensitivity and potential for early detection of IBDV in chicken tissues. This study effectively established and verified a CRISPR-based diagnostic test for the early detection of IBDV in clinical chicken tissues, demonstrating remarkable specificity and sensitivity. The IBD-SHERLOCK assay can be used as a highly sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tool in chicken farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature and time on RNA detection by RT-qPCR in rodent tissue and blood samples stored in MagMAX™ Lysis/Binding Solution Concentrate: Considerations for RNA detection in specimens stored under suboptimal conditions","authors":"Katherine A. Davies ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Welch ,&nbsp;Teresa E. Sorvillo ,&nbsp;JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray ,&nbsp;Christina F. Spiropoulou ,&nbsp;Jessica R. Spengler","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For detection of viral RNA in blood or tissue, samples are often collected into lysis buffers prior to downstream molecular analysis. Immediate sample processing and cold storage are not always possible during large-scale or field studies, or in facilities lacking a stable electrical supply. Additionally, samples may need to be transported significant distances before processing. Here, using peptidylprolyl isomerase A (<em>Ppia)</em>, a stably expressed gene in rodent tissues, we investigate the long-term stability and detection of RNA in guinea pig tissues stored for up to 52 weeks and in hamster blood stored for up to 12 weeks in MagMAX Lysis/Binding Solution Concentrate at −80°C, 4°C, 21°C, and 32°C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and clinical evaluation of a MPXV antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test","authors":"Nobuyuki Kurosawa ,&nbsp;Tatsuhiko Ozawa ,&nbsp;Kousei Ozawa ,&nbsp;Masayuki Shimojima ,&nbsp;Madoka Kawahara ,&nbsp;Fumi Kasuya ,&nbsp;Wakaba Okada ,&nbsp;Mami Nagashima ,&nbsp;Kenji Sadamasu ,&nbsp;Masae Itamochi ,&nbsp;Hideki Tani ,&nbsp;Yoshitomo Morinaga ,&nbsp;Kosuke Yuhara ,&nbsp;Jun Okamoto ,&nbsp;Haruna Ichikawa ,&nbsp;Takashi Kawahata ,&nbsp;Tomomi Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Masaharu Isobe","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the global emergence of mpox after the 2022 epidemic, a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool is needed at the point of care to identify individuals infected with mpox virus (MPXV) to prevent and control the spread of the virus. We designed an antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test that exclusively detects MPXV without cross-reacting with the vaccinia virus by developing monoclonal antibodies against the MPXV nuclear capsid protein A5L (MPXV-A5L). The test results indicated that the detection limits were established at 0.5 ng/mL for MPXV-A5L and 4.4 × 10² ∼ 2.1 × 10³ pfu/mL for MPXV culture fluid. Clinical samples collected from MPXV patients showed a high sensitivity of 87 % at a qPCR cycle threshold of 25 or lower, with a specificity of 100 % for samples that tested negative in the qPCR. The test is an ideal rapid diagnostic tool for supporting clinical decision-making for people suspected of having MPXV infection in resource-poor settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR for combined detection of Rift Valley fever, chikungunya, Zika and dengue viruses","authors":"Anne Hauner ,&nbsp;Stijn Rogé ,&nbsp;Veerle Vanlerberghe ,&nbsp;Luciana Lepore ,&nbsp;Fabrice Ndayisenga ,&nbsp;Anselme Shyaka ,&nbsp;Marjan Van Esbroeck ,&nbsp;Silvia Situma ,&nbsp;Carolyne Nasimiyu ,&nbsp;Steve Ahuka-Mundeke ,&nbsp;M. Kariuki Njenga ,&nbsp;Robert F. Breiman ,&nbsp;Justin Masumu ,&nbsp;Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka ,&nbsp;Kevin K. Ariën","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several arthropod-borne (arbo)-viruses have overlapping symptoms, insect vectors and geographical occurrence. With little known about the importance of arboviruses as cause of acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) in East and Central Africa (ECA), there is a clear need for a multiplex-PCR allowing for multi-pathogen surveillance. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR (RDCZ-multiplex) was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), dengue virus 1–4 (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was added to the PCR as sample extraction control. Validation was conducted following the MIQE-guidelines using a panel of retrospective clinical samples and Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD, https://www.qcmd.org/en/) samples with the simplex-PCR as reference. These included samples from RVFV in animals (n = 19), DENV (n = 15), CHIKV (n = 11), ZIKV (n = 2) and YFV (n = 1, QCMD), and 14 negative endemic controls. Extractions and PCRs were done with commercially available kits. Some loss of sensitivity was observed at low target concentrations for RVFV, DENV1 and DENV4, when comparing the standard curves of simplex-PCRs with the multiplex-PCR. The limit of detection of the multiplex-PCR was 2064 copies/ml for CHIKV, 3587 copies/ml for DENV1, 30,249 copies/ml for ZIKV and 73 PFU/ml for RVFV. Specificity of the multiplex-PCRs was 100 %. For 12 out of 48 positive samples with high Cq values, RVFV (n = 7), CHIKV (n = 2), DENV1 (n = 2), YFV (n = 1), the multiplex-PCRs were negative. Although PCR sensitivity of the RDCZ-multiplex is slightly lower with low target concentrations, it offers a useful tool for molecular surveillance and clinical diagnosis for arboviruses for the ECA-region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies","authors":"Li Yin ,&nbsp;Wan Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Weldu Tesfagaber ,&nbsp;Renqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Fang Li ,&nbsp;Zhigao Bu ,&nbsp;Yuanmao Zhu ,&nbsp;Dongming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal infectious disease affecting domestic and wild pigs, caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), with a mortality rate of up to 100 %. The evolving prevalence and variation of ASFV has led to the emergence of low-virulence strains, which induced chronic infections and posed challenges in nucleic acid-based diagnostics due to potential false negatives. This underscores the urgent need for reliable antibody monitoring to facilitate early diagnosis. In this study, based on a highly attenuated BK2258 cell-adapted strain HLJ18/BK33, we established an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) for ASFV antibodies detection. After optimization using a total of 608 pig sera, the performance of the assay was better than that of the commercial iELISA with higher sensitivity and specificity. The newly established IPMA method demonstrated high specificity with no cross-reactivity with positive sera for six other important porcine pathogens. The IPMA method developed in the present study could serve as the potential gold standard for serological diagnosis and evaluation of other detection methods for ASFV antibodies, owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the IPMA method will provide a new and effective strategy for ASF monitoring, prevention and control in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 115173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D-cycloserine, a potential candidate for reducing Hepatitis B virus cccDNA in vitro","authors":"Yongwook Choi ,&nbsp;Yong Kwang Park ,&nbsp;Wonhee Hur ,&nbsp;Gahee Kim ,&nbsp;Songmee Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a 3.2 kb hepatotropic DNA that possesses a unique episomal DNA form known as covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). cccDNA is the major risk factor for persistent HBV infection and consequently causes chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. To prevent the progression of liver disease, eradication of HBV, especially cccDNA, is essential. In this study, we established a drug screening system using artificial recombinant HBV cccDNA (rcccDNA), which is regulated by a loxP-HBV genome and CRE expression. To identify potential drugs targeting cccDNA, a total of 379 antiviral reagents were tested. Among them, several chemicals including danoprevir, L- and D-cycloserine, phenytoin sodium, amantadine, and germacrone showed a decrease in cccDNA levels. Especially, D-cycloserine diminished the secretion of HBV antigens and induced cccDNA degradation in the HBV infection system. This screening system helps to develop the therapeutic drug target to cccDNA This screening system may help develop therapeutic drugs targeting cccDNA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 115172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}