12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory and In-Situ Characterisation of Masonry Materials in a Large Historical Industrial Building in Barcelona","authors":"A. Cabané, L. Pelà, P. Roca","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.144","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the mechanical properties of existing masonry structures faces significant difficulties due to the intrinsic complexity related to this composite material. Acquiring a full knowledge of the main parameters is necessary to design adequate conservation actions for the built cultural heritage [1]. The mechanical characterisation of existing masonry structures usually requires an optimum combination of laboratory and in-situ techniques, especially in large constructions. This research presents the detailed description of the experimental methodology followed during an extensive campaign carried out in an historical industrial building of Barcelona from the XIX century. The experimental campaign considered minor destructive testing (MDT) techniques, both based on in-situ testing of masonry components and extraction of small samples for laboratory testing. The in-situ MDT allowed a preliminary evaluation of the variability of the properties over the large building, in order to optimize the execution of the laboratory tests. The results from different MDT techniques allowed useful cross-checking in order to keep a continuous control throughout all the experimental program. The tests were developed on the units and mortar joints of both masonry walls and vaulted floors, as well as in the plasters. The main objectives were to obtain a careful characterisation of the material components in order to evaluate their strength capacity and to choose compatible restoration materials of similar properties. The in-situ experimental characterisation was made by using the Pin Penetration Test (PPT) and the Helix Screw Pull-off Test (HPT) [2] on the mortar joints and bricks, as well as the PPT and Pull-off Test (POT) [3] on the mortar plasters. The experimental characterisation in the laboratory consisted in: flexural and compressive testing of small samples of bricks from walls [4]; double punch testing (DPT) of mortar joints from the walls and the vaulted floors; DPT of specimens of plaster [5]; compressive testing of cylindrical samples of masonry extracted by core-drilling [6];compressive testing of ceramic tile samples from the vaulted floors by means of a novel nonstandard setup. The results obtained showed a good relationship between the in-situ MDT techniques and the tests carried out in the laboratory. The differences among the experimental results from different portions of the large building allowed the discovery of different material typologies deriving from different construction phases.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117292188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Restoration Interventions of “Forte Marghera” in Venice","authors":"Filippo Casarin, Riccardo Cianchetti, Tommaso Dalla Via, Martina Meggiato, Marco Mocellini","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.294","url":null,"abstract":". In the framework of the Strategic Masterplan Cultural Heritage 2014-2018 of the Italian Ministry of Culture, a specific attention for the strengthening and constitution of relevant urban cultural centers is sought through the restoration and re-use of structural complexes of great architectural and historic value such as the case of Forte Marghera (Marghera Fort) of Venice. The need to build a fortress at the point where the mainland approached Venice was understood, after the fall of the “Serenissima” Repu blic (1797), by the Austrian Empire. The fort was therefore built in a marshy area on the edge of the Venice lagoon, crossed by a maze of canals. The works started in 1805. On the area there was already the old village of Malghera, home to warehouses and customs, which was incorporated into the Fort. However, the return of Napoleon's troops in 1806 surprised the works still in a early stage. The fortified work was then revised according to the plans of the French architect Marescò and conducted under the guidance of the general and military engineer François-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry and later the Chasseloup. The most significant buildings still present in the fortress – object of the current restoration works - are the two French barracks (1805-1814),","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121947821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opus Signinum - Roman Concrete without Pulvis Puteolanis: Example of the Substructures of Diocletian‘s Palace","authors":"M. Buršić","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.181","url":null,"abstract":"Roman concrete (opus caementicium) is one of the most important innovations in Roman res aedificatoria. Made with volcanic material called by Romans pulvis puteolanis or harena fossicia, it proved to have excellent mechanical properties. This enabled major innovations in building technology and development of new structural systems. The most important architectural achievement of the long evolution of building in opus caementicium are large-span vaulted structures. The first large concrete dome, still preserved, is the dome of the so-called \"Temple of Mercury\" in Baiae, constructed in the region rich with volcanic ashes: according to Vitruvius, harenae fossiciae are found in the of Baiae. Large vaulted structures in Rome itself were also built with opus caementicium, including the dome of Pantheon in Rome, which is considered the culmination of the development of the Roman concrete dome building. Construction of Roman concrete structures depended on its essential component: volcanic materials found only in volcanic regions, which are limited. Roman builders, knowing the advantages of Roman concrete, found a substitute for harena fossicia: they invented opus signinum ('cocciopesto'). Instead of volcanic material, they used broken terracotta, i.e. tiles broken up into very small pieces, to achieve characteristics similar to those of opus caementicium. The most prominent example of opus signinum structure in Dalmatia are the vaults of the substructures of the emperor Diocletian’s palace, built at the end of the third – beginning of the fourth century AD. These substructures form a raised base for the Emperor’s apartments, occupying an area of ca 150 m by ca 38 m. They consist of a number of tall rooms, divided by thick bearing walls. They have been perfectly preserved, due to their excellent construction, and also due to the fact that they were filled with trash in the Early Middle Ages and therefore not accessible until the mid-20th century. The substructures form a large assembly of rooms of different shapes and sizes. Their purpose was to carry the structures of the apartments built upon them, so their walls are positioned according to the walls above them, at the structural distance of up to approx. 15 m; in the largest rooms, the span of the vaults is reduced by inserting rows of thick pillars. Walls and massive pillars bear vaults of various types: barrel vaults, groin vaults, domes, semi-domes and their combinations. Walls and pillars are built in fine ashlar, with large blocks of perfectly cut white limestone; the vaults are constructed in opus signinum. Intrados of the vaults is rough, with visible irregular pieces of tufa inserted in thick mortar. This is not a masonry vault, as interpreted by some scholars; this is Roman concrete, made without pulvis puteolanis: in fact, this is an example of opus signinum, precisely dated structure, constructed by skilled builders employed by the emperor himself. The vaults of the substructures of Diocle","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116791437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber Reinforcements: Local Construction Techniques in Italian Historical Buildings","authors":"Stefano Della, Torre And, L. Cantini","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.304","url":null,"abstract":". The role of timber connections as reinforcement for vertical masonry walls is well known but still requiring a systematic study. Considering the main sources coming from the architectonic treatises, a real identification of the use of wooden poles as binding elements between walls is not recognized. Several important authors belonging to the 15 th and 16 th century recommended avoiding the use of timbering elements into the section of the walls, arguing that the perishability of this material cannot provide a long durable solution. Nevertheless, since the 17 th century also some indications from the so called “high knowledge” seem to identify a reliable technique in the timber reinforcements for masonry walls. This work explores the contraposition between theoretical approaches and the building site practice, focusing on the mechanical function of orthostatic timbers inserted into masonry structures. Recent contributions based on archive studies indicated that the use of wooden reinforcements was widely diffused in Italy, but rarely documented by the architectural theorists. The technical documentation discovered into archives is instead a rich source of information concerning the persistence of timbers inside walls as a solution against the vulnerability of masonry structures to shear forces. The case of the building site documentation for the realization of Volpi Palace in Como offers an important occasion for improving the studies on a building practice that did not meet official credits by the theoretical experts in architecture.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129742758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masonry Walls Strengthened with Vegetal Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites","authors":"L. Mercedes, E. Bernat-Masó, L. Gil","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128251841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Methodologies and Intervention for two Masonry Churches Affected after the 2017 Earthquake in Mexico","authors":"M. Esponda, J. Cooke","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.052","url":null,"abstract":"The deterioration of heritage sites from natural disasters such as earthquakes is a loss to humanity’s culture. However, most existing studies on earthquakes focus on the effects on building materials from a technical standpoint. There is a need for more studies that balance the technical requirements with the understanding of the significance of built heritage, focusing on risk management and implementing interventions with appropriate technologies. The intention of this paper is to study and to compare the current state of two 16 century masonry churches following the 2017 earthquake in Mexico. The two complexes being analyzed are part of the World Heritage Site called “Ruta de los Conventos”, on the slopes of Popocatepetl designated by UNESCO in 1994. These buildings are representative of the architectural model adopted by the first missionaries -Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinianswho evangelized the indigenous populations in the 16th century. They are also an example of a new vision of architecture, in which open spaces take on new importance. The two heritage structures analyzed are the most endangered: the Huaquechula monastery, in the state of Puebla south of Mexico City, and the Convento de San Guillermo Totolapan, in the state of Morelos south-east of Mexico City. The churches were constructed circa 1548 and 1535, respectively. The paper will describe the two structures, providing the background history and cultural significance for each project, in co-ordination with local historians. The contrast in the construction system of both churches will be described, along with any known previous interventions, historic and contemporary. The damage inflicted to the two churches due to the most recent earthquake (2017) will be critically analyzed, noting how they performed seismically and drawing links to the historical research previously conducted. Specifically, there will be a focus on inherent defects of the existing materials, the different construction methodologies, and on the impact of contemporary interventions such as the use of reinforced concrete and structural steel following previous earthquakes. The paper will conclude with a discussion on potential repair methodologies going forward in order to mitigate future damage to the structure. This will include discussion on the importance of using compatible materials and proper repair procedures and the need for ongoing maintenance of these important heritage structures. These recent events prove that it is critical to evaluate the current state of built heritage in order to be better prepared for future earthquake disasters.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128700976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Acquisition, Management and Evaluation for Stone Conservation Projects with Digital Mapping","authors":"DIPL.-ING. Gunnar Siedler, Sebastian Vetter, Jens Kaminsky","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.069","url":null,"abstract":". Several years of experience in heritage documentation have given a background to develop methods of digital photogrammetry and mapping. The outcome is the development of a mapping software over a period of 20 years.Main features of the software are image rectification,","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127108914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings Using HBIM and Vibration-Based System Identification","authors":"A. Calì, A. Saisi, C. Gentile","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.259","url":null,"abstract":"The paper exemplifies the application of the methodology involving historic and architectural research complemented by HBIM and operational modal testing in the structural modelling of a heritage palace, the Galleria degli Antichi in the historic town of Sabbioneta (Italy), included in the UNESCO World Heritage list since 2008. This monumental building was built in the 16th century. Full details on the history of the building and the information obtained in the nondestructive survey are given in the paper. The good knowledge of the structural geometry, along with the complete inspection carried out and the large number of identified vibration modes, allowed to establish a numerical model of the monumental building for a first quantitative assessment of its structural condition.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127178669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Seismic Retrofitting of a Historical Masonry Mosque by means of Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis","authors":"A. Aşıkoğlu, L. Silva, O. Avşar, P. Lourenço","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.036","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic actions have been a great challenge for structures in the structural engineering community, and the need for further developments has been approved by catastrophic seismic events at each time. Reproducing the dynamic behaviour of structures with an acceptable level of accuracy is a complex task due to uncertainties related with the geometrical, material and physical structural system, more particularly, in case of existing historical masonry structures. The use of dynamic analysis is a better choice than the use of static or quasi-static approaches since it is a better representation of the dynamic response of a structure by taking account of its energy dissipation capacity. The scope of the present paper is focused on a seismic assessment of a historical masonry structure, Kütahya Kurşunlu Mosque located in Turkey, before and after it has been retrofitted. The historical mosque is located in a seismic prone zone where it is crucial to ensure seismic safety of structures and the local community. Based on the condition of the structure reported from the site inspections, a seismic retrofitting by using steel girder elements was implemented on the structural load-bearing walls. The effectiveness of the seismic retrofitting to the seismic response of the mosque was investigated by means of the finite element method. Three bi-directional nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed by using real ground motion records aiming at validation of the nonlinear dynamic response of the numerical model in terms of damage patterns, and demonstration of the contribution of the seismic retrofitting by comparing the representative model with its retrofitted counterpart. The comparison has been carried out in terms of peak displacement, absolute accelerations and damage patterns. It is found that the contribution of the seismic retrofitting is considerable for the out-of-plane displacements of the load bearing walls. Furthermore, a good correlation between existing damage and the numerical damage is achieved, and, therefore, the validation of the nonlinear response of the representative model is attained. Yet, the variation of the absolute acceleration response before and after retrofitting showed that the seismic assessment and retrofitting should take into account the influence of the acceleration increment which may result in detrimental effects on the movable heritage contents present in the historical structures.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131033335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Shear Behavior of FRCM Strengthened Masonry Panels","authors":"F. Ferretti, A. Incerti, C. Mazzotti","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.104","url":null,"abstract":". Innovative strengthening solutions, such as Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), are becoming increasingly diffused for the retrofitting of existing masonry structures with the aim of reducing the seismic vulnerability of these construction typologies. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the suitability of these materials in enhancing the shear capacity of masonry walls and improve the overall structural behavior, avoiding fragile collapse mechanisms. In the present work, six diagonal compression tests were performed on unstrengthened and FRCM strengthened masonry panels to evaluate the improvements attributable to the presence of the FRCM systems. Two different bidirectional basalt grids were applied to the masonry samples, with and without mechanical anchorages. The tensile and bond properties of the chosen FRCM systems were investigated through laboratory tests. The objective was, indeed, to compare the performances of two textiles, characterized by different densities, and to investigate the role of mechanical anchorages. The experimental results confirmed the efficiency of the FRCM strengthening systems in improving the shear behavior of masonry panels. The FRCM strengthened samples experienced a considerable strength increase and less brittle failure mechanisms. The roles of both the mortar matrix, the fiber grids and the mechanical anchorages were highlighted by analyzing the onset of cracking and the failure propagation within the samples.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130413804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}