12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions最新文献

{"title":"New Strategies to Assess the Safety of Unreinforced Masonry Structures Using Thrust Network Analysis","authors":"R. Avelino, A. Iannuzzo, T. Van Mele, P. Block","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.162","url":null,"abstract":"This work develops new strategies to robustly apply Thrust Network Analysis (TNA) for the assessment of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures studied within the frame of limit analysis. It formulates and solves a nonlinear optimisation problem on thrust networks considering relevant constraints for the assessment of URM structures. Geometrical and force constraints are include such as the consideration of the structural envelope and bounds on the reaction forces. The objective functions studied correspond to the minimum and maximum horizontal thrusts of the vaults. To evaluate the level of stability of an existing structure, this work develops a methodology to estimate the geometric safety factor (GSF) and the minimum thickness of masonry vaults by solving sequential optimisation problems for increasingly tightened geometrical bounds. This procedure is implemented in a Python-based, open-access tool within the COMPAS framework and illustrated here on twoand three-dimensional applications that are relevant for the structural analysis of historical constructions.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Performance Evaluation of Box-Shaped Wall Structures Built with Thick Earthen Walls","authors":"H. Yokouchi, Y. Ohashi","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.229","url":null,"abstract":"Several traditional building group districts exist in Japan as a system for preserving the country’s remaining historical villages and townscapes, along with their surrounding environment. Three such preservation districts exist in the Tochigi, Ibaraki, and Gunma prefectures of the northern Kanto region: Kauemoncho in Tochigi City, Makabe in Sakuragawa City, and Kiryu Shinmachi in Kiryu City; there are similar historical areas in surrounding districts. In these districts and surroundings, there remain examples of many Dozo-style structures such as Misegura (Dozo-Style townhouses intended to be used as shops or dwellings with multiple uses, etc) and storehouses called \"Dozo\" in Japanese, forming a distinctive historical townscape. These Japanese traditional buildings built during the end of Edo Period and early term of Showa Period (about 70 -180 years ago) was constructed in rows and clustered. Dozo-Style structure refers to a thick earthen wall with a thickness of 200 300 mm on the outer circumference (hereinafter referred to as \"mud wall\"), for fire protection measures in Japan. Although originally used as warehouses to store items, they came to be also used as stores, parlors and other kinds of buildings in modern times. In the 2011 Tohoku Region Pacific Offshore earthquake, the traditional townscapes of the Kanto region and the Dozo-Style structures were seriously damaged [1]. Especially, the traditional Dozo-Style structures were seriously damaged. The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and the 2016 Tottori Earthquake occurred after that, and great damage was caused to the shear wall of the Dozo-Style structures, and restoration of it is proceeding. Construction method and structure differ depending on the region of the mud wall, which is the main earthquake resistant element of Dozo-Style structure. Furthermore, the strength of the mud used for the mud wall varies greatly depending on the production area. Therefore, in order to properly evaluate and understand the seismic performance of existing historic buildings, it is necessary to clarify the performance of the mud walls in each district. Therefore, we carry out horizontal loading test on full-scale walls produced based on the survey results, the specifications of mud walls around the northern Kanto region, to determine the walls’ the structural performance when receiving a horizontal force, as in an earthquake. Then, the seismic performance of the entire building is evaluated for representative Dozo-Style structures existing in the northern Kanto, using the hysterisis characteristics of the earthen wall evaluated from the horizontal loading test.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125476974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Shake Table Tests of Multi-Leaf Masonry Walls Before and After Retrofitting","authors":"S. Santis, O. AlShawa, G. Canio, S. Forliti, D. Liberatore, P. Meriggi, I. Roselli, L. Sorrentino, G. Felice","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.075","url":null,"abstract":". A significant proportion of the built heritage in historic centres is constituted by rubble stone masonry structures. Collapses by leaf separation and disaggregation observed after earthquakes highlight their dramatic vulnerability, especially under out-of-plane loads. Nevertheless, their dynamic response still needs to be fully investigated and their capacity may be overestimated by assessment approaches based on rigid-body mechanics. Effective retrofitting solutions are also needed to protect human lives and safeguard the built heritage, while ensuring the conservation of its architectural value. This paper describes the design of a shake table investigation on stone masonry walls, whose materials and arrangement reproduce those surveyed in the villages of central Italy struck by the 2016-2017 earthquake sequence. The test setup was conceived to induce out-of-plane vertical bending under earthquake base motion and investigate the dynamic response of multi-leaf rubble stone masonry and the gain in seismic capacity that can be achieved with mortar-based composite reinforcements, designed to prevent the leaf separation and disaggregation of the wall without compromising its fair face.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"116 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126386747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documentation and Structural Appraisal of the Medieval Manor of Potamia, Cyprus: an Interdisciplinary Approach","authors":"R. Illampas, D. Myrianthefs, D. Nicolaou, V. Lysandrou, M. Philokyprou, G. Papasavvas, I. Ioannou","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an interdisciplinary study concerning the documentation and structural appraisal of a Medieval Manor located in Potamia, Cyprus. The case study monument is an impressive complex of masonry structures, part of which is nowadays in ruins. A comprehensive review of historical sources was carried out in order to obtain data concerning the history and construction evolution of the Manor. It was verified that the monument incorporates different building phases dating from the 14 th to the 20 th century. Architectural typology and construction detailing was examined via in-situ investigations and topographic surveys. These enabled the identification of the elements composing the structural system. The latter consists of a combination of stone and adobe masonry load-bearing walls, upon which timber floors and roofs rest. Extensive field work was undertaken to explicitly map the various agents of pathology. Significant structural damage was detected, including partial collapses, separation among orthogonal walls and extensive cracking. Furthermore, it was noted that the building materials suffer from moisture-driven decay due to inadequate protection against ground and rainwater infiltration. For the characterization of the historic fabric, masonry materials were sampled and studied at the laboratory. The investigation included the evaluation of the most important physico-mechanical properties of the masonry units (namely building stones and adobe bricks) and the fractionation and mineralogical analysis of selected mortar samples. According to the outcomes obtained, a porous sedimentary stone of relatively low compressive strength (< 10 MPa) was used for the construction of the stonework, along with limeand gypsum-based jointing and coating mortars. Poor mechanical properties were determined in the case of adobe materials, owing to the susceptibility of raw earth to water-mediated damage. The accumulated data was utilized for the development of a 3D Finite Element (FE) model with the aim of examining the seismic response of the monument. Numerical results were found to be in accordance with the recorded damages, thereby proving the validity of the computational model. Complementary to the FE modelling, the kinematic method was used for the investigation of local collapse mechanisms. Analyses revealed that the monument is particularly vulnerable to seismic actions. It was also confirmed that its response is adversely affected by inherent deficiencies, such as the lack of monolithic connections and the absence of stiff diaphragms, as well as by the pathology it exhibits. The multifaceted approach hereby adopted clearly shows that interdisciplinary collaboration is a key aspect for the comprehensive appraisal of historic constructions and hence a prerequisite for the design of appropriate intervention schemes.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126328165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard Gravity and Wind Load Analysis on 103-years old Unreinforced Masonry Building","authors":"A. Kumar, K. Pallav","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.251","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element modelling and analysis has been performed on 103-years old unreinforced masonry Senate hall building (SHB), Allahabad University, India. It is an Indo-Saracenic style of architecture which was built in 1915. An in-situ survey is conducted to know the present condition of the SHB. The major and minor cracks are visible, and construction material has deteriorated at various part of the SHB. The old documents, reports, on-site measurement, and photographs are used to gather the historical data and prepared the accurate model of the SHB on Ansys workbench (ANSYS 14.0) tool. Macro and homogenisation approach has used in the modelling of the SHB. The standard gravity and wind load analysis is performed with a fixed boundary condition on its based of SHB. In gravity analysis, maximum stress (5.69MPa) has been observed at the connections of the ground floor and maximum deformation (7.8mm) on the crown of the arch of the first-floor. The maximum stress and deformation 14.286MPa and 12.491mm have been observed under live load analysis. Further, the maximum stress and deformation obtained under wind load analysis are 4.10MPa and 8.07mm, respectively. The finite element simulation and visual inspection of the SHB are in good agreement with the present condition of the structure.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122276604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Historic Mortar Samples and Period Analysis: A Case Study","authors":"E. Erdogmus, M. Turan, J. Freedland, A. Gaggioli, M. Hoff","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.046","url":null,"abstract":"The Imperial Temple in Antiochia Ad Cragum is estimated to be first constructed at the end of 2 nd or start of 3 rd century, the time of the Severan dynasty. However, archaeological evidence also suggests that there were interventions during the Byzantine era, with burials over the temple platform, a wine press on the northern side, and walls constructed perpendicular to the temple on the southern side, use of which are unidentified. There is also a retaining wall in the back of the temple that holds the earth against erosion from the hill on the back, but it is curiously close to the Temple if built as part of original construction. The goal of this study is to investigate the authors’ hypotheses of a multi-phase use and to identify which elements found on the site may be contemporary to each other by comparing the composition of mortar samples collected from different areas, supplemented by a geoarchaeological investigation. Five samples of mortar from the various areas around the temple were collected and tested using three methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Historical Masonry Aggregates through Local Analyses: an Adaptive NURBS-based Limit Analysis Approach","authors":"N. Grillanda, M. Valente, G. Milani, F. Formigoni, A. Chiozzi, A. Tralli","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.108","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry structures represent one of the most common structural typologies in historical centers worldwide. Ancient historical centers in Italy constitute a wide part in the cultural heritage. Here, masonry buildings have been erected in continuity to each other. Thanks to the numerous integrations and addictions of new structural portions carried out during time, these structures result at now as aggregates of constructions. The structural behavior of masonry aggregates can be difficult to identify. First of all, modifications performed during time make difficult to recover the documentation needed to achieve a complete knowledge of the aggregate. Secondly, the identifications of the quality of design details, such as connections between orthogonal walls and all the different masonry textures, is not always possible without a high number of invasive investigations. Finally, a diffused damage pattern is often observed, mainly given by soils settlements or previous seismic events, seriously affecting the horizontal loadbearing capacity of these structures. Therefore, a global response of masonry aggregates to horizontal actions is usually excluded. Recent seismic events in Italy (L’Aquila 2009, Emilia Romagna 2012, Center of Italy 2016) have put in evidence the high seismic vulnerability of masonry aggregates, showing a wide number of local failures. In this work, an efficient computational tool aimed at studying masonry aggregates by means of local analyses is proposed. A NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) representation of geometry is adopted. NURBS entities, which are common in commercial CAD packages, have the great advantage to describe complex geometries (such as curved elements and walls with a high number of holes) with very few elements. An upper bound limit analysis formulation is implemented, in which the adopted NURBS elements are idealized as rigid bodies with dissipation allowed only along interfaces. The mesh of NURBS elements is progressively adjusted through a genetic algorithm in order to minimize the live load multiplier. Details about this method can be found in [1-2]. This procedure is applied in the evaluation of the horizontal load multiplier associated with the activation of local mechanisms during a seismic event. Two case studies, a masonry aggregates located in the historical center of Arsita (Abruzzo region, Italy) and a row housing compound located in Sora (Lazio region, Italy) [3], are here presented. A quick evaluation of the seismic vulnerability is performed through the presented NURBS-based computational tool, showing the high importance of the local response in the study of the seismic behavior of masonry aggregates.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121748856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of a Building Information Model to Support Seismic Analysis: Application to the National Palace of Sintra, Portugal","authors":"M. Ponte, R. Bento, R. Machete, M. Godinho, A. Gonçalves, A. Falcao","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.302","url":null,"abstract":". This work presents an application of a Building Information Model (BIM) to the National Palace of Sintra, Portugal, a large and complex building composed of different unreinforced masonry buildings that is included in the Cultural Landscape of Sintra, classified under the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1995. The developed H-BIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling) model has the ability to provide the geometric information of the structure of the building, together with its descriptive attributes, such as the mechanical characterization of the building materials, as inputs to the seismic structural analysis. The results of such analyses are also stored as attributes within the H-BIM model, providing an integrated platform usable by the building management. Geometric data was acquired using a Faro Focus S 70, together with a Topcon Falcon 8+ UAV. The methodology applied in the construction of the H-BIM model was implemented with Autodesk Revit® software. Since the Palace is very complex, its seismic behaviour was studied for the different building units, considering the effect of the adjacent ones, and performing nonlinear static analyses through 3Muri software.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amazonas Theater Architectural Construction and Restorations History","authors":"M. S. M. Sampaio","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.022","url":null,"abstract":". Built in the artistic splendor that prevailed in the late 19th century, Amazonas Theater is considered the most significant architectural construction of the so-called golden age of rubber, both for the values applied in its construction and for the symbolic importance it assumed, that is, the man's victory over the jungle, financial prosperity and the alleged artistic-cultural effervescence. However, when compared to the millenary constructions of the Ancient World, Amazonas Theater can be considered a “baby” and therefore a source of knowledge to be explored. In this sense, this paper intends to be the first one of a series of other ones that intends to study the behaviour of this structure. The paper is focused on describe the history of the construction of the Amazonas Theater highlighting the structural solution adopted to overcome the logistical challenges faced by a construction carried out in the middle of the largest tropical forest in the world and the main interventions performed during its 123 years. To this end, the building records of the Theater, an indispensable documentary source of the building´s history, were consulted.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"392 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122481886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Pieve di Santa Maria” in Arezzo (Italy). From the Laser Scanner Survey to the Knowledge of the Architectural Structure","authors":"P. Matracchi, C. Biagini, A. Sadocchi, M. Valieri","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122724102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}