12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions最新文献

{"title":"The NDT Investigations Carry out at the Arudj Cathedral, Armenia","authors":"S. Tonna, M. Cucchi, C. Tedeschi","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.292","url":null,"abstract":"Arudj Cathedral, Armenia, is an example of early-Christian domed-hall that dates 671-672. A deep structural analysis of the building was developed by Politecnico di Milano, during the II° Level Master for Architects and Archaeologists named “Restoration Training and Support to Local Institutions for the Preservation and Conservation of Armenian Heritage”. The preservation project mainly focuses on deepen the knowledge level of the building in relation to the architectonical and structural aspects in order to offer a working method with the aim to propose and teach alternative solutions for static and seismic consolidation. This paper reports the NDT investigations of the surveys carried out at the Cathedral of Arudj and the results obtained at the laboratory of the Politecnico di Milano. The NDT investigations were carried out by the Authors and here following are briefly described. Sonic investigations on masonry structures were applied for a qualitative comparison of the walls, based on the variation of the sonic velocity values in the presence of areas with lower density, voids or cavities. The passive thermographic technique was applied to identify the distribution of capillary ascent in masonry structures. In order to offer a long-term verification of the evolution of the crack pattern, after having identify the cracks present on the masonry structures some displacement transducers have been fixed to state their evolution hourly. Finally a series of laboratory tests were carried out to determine the main mechanical characteristics of the constituent stone.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131104803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Example of Fit-for Purpose Use of Materials in Roman Architecture: P Temple, Side, Antalya/Turkey","authors":"Gamze Kaymak, Heinz","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.023","url":null,"abstract":". The high-podium Roman Period temple, with a semi-circular plan scheme, was discovered by Lanckoroński and his team in Side, Turkey and named after ‘P’ in 1890 [1]. The temple was unearthed by Mansel [2] and his team in 1947 through archaeological excavations. In 2013, further studies started on the temple. The aim of the still ongoing work is to seek answers to such issues that haven’t been clarified yet, as the plan scheme, to whom it was dedicated, and the date of construction. In this context, the construction structure of the Temple P was investigated during the present study based on in-situ and precise documentation: At least five different types of stones were classified by purpose, including conglomerate, travertine, sandstone, marble and rubble stone mixed with mortar as infilling material. It was seen that fit-to purpose use of the material was considered more important than the ideal and repeated dimensions of the building blocks. Moreover, local material was used except for the outsourced marble. In addition to the large-sized clamps and dowels in the load-bearing core blocks of the walls, the spaces between the coatings and the load-bearing core were filled with mortar. In this construction technique, opus revinctum and opus caementitium were used together. The partition walls separating the three rooms of the lower floor and the vault cover made with mortar and formwork system belong to the construction period of the temple. However, there are indications that the outer walls, about 2,5 m thick, originated from the foundations of a precursor structure. Four construction stages of the pillar profiles of the orthostat","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133510342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and Vulnerability of Historical Centers: the Case of the District of Camerino in the Marche Region","authors":"E. Petrucci, L. Barchetta, D. Lapucci","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.210","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic events that hit central Italy in 2016, causing extensive damage to cultural heritage and the loss of entire villages, showed the extreme fragility of the Marche territorial system with strong repercussions on the economic and social development. In the historical centres, the high inherent seismic vulnerability of the building makes it difficult to apply regulations oriented to the protection and preservation of historical and cultural values: strategies for the recovery of the buildings seem very complex. The historical building is generally characterized by a high building density, a scarceness of urban voids and an articulated accessibility system. The aggregates are the result of several transformation phases that make necessary a thorough knowledge of the historical dynamics and of the local construction techniques. In recent years, the Marche region has developed, due to the intensification of earthquakes, a particular susceptibility to seismic risk. The historical centres have been affected by complex problems and have shown a reduced capacity to face the events and adapt to the changes, and also difficulties in hypothesizing new scenarios after the damage. In this context, the paper illustrates a method of analysis for the systemic vulnerability of historical centres, considering the vulnerability as a result of a complex interaction of structural units, aggregates and urban spaces. The aim is to compare this vulnerability with the effects that the earthquake really had on the urban centres: the knowledge of the real behavior will guide the research towards the definition of a set of actions. These actions are addressed to mitigation of the seismic risk, through the reduction of intrinsic vulnerabilities, to implementation of the skills and to develop a “new resilience”. The district of Camerino was taken as case study; it is a territorial hub of services and activities as well as being one of the largest inhabited centres affected by the 2016 earthquake, and it’s still today, (3 years after the seismic events), a red zone, forbidden to the circulation of citizens. Its historic centre has a high historical-architectural value and, moreover, in its territory there are other interesting minor historical centres. Therefore, the district of Camerino offers the opportunity to expand the research, considering a time frame of around 50 years, during which the behaviors towards the earthquake have profoundly changed.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126584383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Assessment of Heritage Buildings in Bulgaria","authors":"M. Traykova, A. Traykov","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.222","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes are some of the most serious causes of degradation and destruction of the heritage buildings. The earthquake can cause different damages, directly and indirectly to the historical buildings and their elements. The biggest part of the heritage buildings was built essentially following empirical rules, refining the proportions of structural elements by an intuitive perception of the structural behaviour. In most cases, this trial took only static actions into consideration, so, since seismic horizontal actions modify the behaviour in a significant way, an earthquake may frequently produce cracks and local collapses. Seismic assessment of heritage buildings is relevant for any preservation project. Using specific investigations and checks, the best retrofit method can be chosen. Based on different case studies, the aim of the paper is to recommend useful framework and easy applicable assumptions for practicing engineers to evaluate the vulnerability of the historic structures and the possibilities of further steps in their development. Seismic assessment of historic buildings remains a challenging task. There is a high level of complexity compared with the assessment of standard buildings. The assessment and the diagnosis of heritage buildings in seismic areas require an extensive knowledge on the structural typologies and behaviour of heritage buildings. The investigation on previous damages from earthquakes is very important. Adequate and realistic computer modelling of complicated historic structures requires significant designers’ expertise. It is probably best to start with the simplest realistic model and then, if necessary, develop a model that reflects more structural features and complexity. The presented paper investigates the challenges posed by, and solutions needed, to ensure the structural longevity of historic structures. Finding the potential for future development of heritage buildings is an important task of the contemporary construction sector. The paper presents only 3 specific case studies but based on the results it is possible to produce some more general recommendations concerning the seismic assessment, the possibility to identify the vulnerability of historic structures and to give the recommendations for extending the service life of Heritage buildings. Marina D. Traykova, Alexander V. Traykov","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127656150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Reach the Light: The Monumental Byzantine Stairs of Caesarea, a Conservation and Restoration Project","authors":"N. Maklada, S. Hadid, D. Abuhatsira, P. Gendelman, Y. Oz, D. Siboni","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134474436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadequate Cases of Intervention in Architectural Heritage Buildings in Mexico after the September 2017 Earthquakes","authors":"F. Peña, M. Chavez","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.129","url":null,"abstract":"The architectural heritage in Mexico is wide, rich and varied. It has more than 50,000 archaeological sites and 110,000 buildings built between 16 and 19 centuries; as well as, 35 sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The two large-scale earthquakes that occurred on September 7 (Mw 8.2) and 19 (Mw 7.1), 2017 in Mexico left 2,340 damaged architectural heritage buildings throughout the country. Due to the large amount of architectural heritage buildings damaged, the government department responsible for protecting the architectural heritage and the practitioners specialized in conservation have been overwhelmed. Therefore, it was necessary to incorporate practitioners who are not specialized in conservation, first to attend the emergency works like shoring works and later into structural intervention works. Due to the above, there were some cases in which the emergency works were not adequate, as well as some intervention proposals do not fulfil the international conservation recommendations. In this way, this paper presents some examples of emergency work, as well as intervention proposals that have not been adequate. The common errors observed in emergency works are discussed, as well as the application of erroneous or inadequate concepts in intervention proposals. Comparison with correct intervention works are also presented. It was observed that there are recurrent errors that are repeated in non-specialized practitioners. One of them is that it is not full understand the aim and function of emergency works and how they should be carried out to protect heritage buildings from collapses or subsequent damages. Another recurrent error is to consider that this type of buildings has a structural behaviour similar to modern masonry or concrete buildings. Some final recommendations are also presented.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115488183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Reality to Point Clouds. Survey and Analysis of Sant Miquel Church of Batea (Spain)","authors":"A. Costa-Jover, D. García, S. Coll-Pla, J. Lluis, I. Ginovart","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.117","url":null,"abstract":". Current massive data capture techniques (MDCT), such as terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry, have become widespread during the last decade, and raises the possibility of developing new assessment methodologies based on the 3D documentation. The paper exposes de results of using simple, non-invasive procedures for the assessment of the shape of a masonry building from a point clouds registered with a terrestrial laser scanner. The case study selected is the church of Sant Miquel of Batea (eighteenth century), located in the province of Tarragona (Spain). The methodology used combines 2D and 3D processes for assessment of the geometry. The results of the investigation have confirmed the good condition of the building. It presents dimensional variations, most of which can be related to the construction process, while some displacements identified provide information about the accommodation process of the masonry structure.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114453643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inspection, Diagnosis and Modelling of Azurara Church in the North of Portugal","authors":"E. A. C. Moreno, Ellen T. Key, A. Uplekar, Omar Pino Acuña, G. Vasconcelos, Javier Ortega, E. Poletti","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.136","url":null,"abstract":". Santa Maria de Azurara church is a XVI century church in Portugal, classified as a national monument since 1910. The building shows not only the influence of the Manueline architectural style (Portuguese late Gothic style), but also Baroque and Mannerism styles. Presently, the church presents some structural and non-structural problems, so an inspection and diagnosis of the main building pathologies was carried out. This process was assisted by non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques which included sonic tests, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and Schmidt hammer for masonry elements and Pilodyn and ultrasonic pulse velocity for the timber elements. In addition, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction analysis were used for mortar and stone characterization. Furthermore, dynamic identification tests were performed. Numerical analysis was performed to assess the nonlinear behaviour of the structure under different load conditions. In order to create an accurate model, material properties were estimated from the non-destructive tests and the dynamic properties were used to calibrate the model. A nonlinear static analysis (pushover) considering both vertical and horizontal loading was carried out in order to obtain the maximum load factor for the structure.","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for Rising Damp and Natural Hydrodynamic Equilibrium in Masonry Walls","authors":"Jose Dobón, Miguel Á. Soria","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.308","url":null,"abstract":". The water absorption, in the Historic Heritage Restoration, through porous materials of the different constructive elements, is certainly one of the factors that constitute the basis for most pathologies and degenerative phenomena on plastering and masonry walls. Particularly, the most critical humidity comes from the soil, because it contains salts (chlorides, sulphates, nitrates). Those salts impregnate the masonry and unleash humidity rises up to several meters. Humidity varies the physical and chemical behaviour of the wall, increasing the thermic conductivity and limiting the isolation power. In addition, due to surface crystallization of the salts, early disintegration of the building materials and rapid destruction of the wall are generated. A wall saturated with water diminishes its isolation power and favours the formation of mould and bacteria, worsening the healthiness of the environments and the well-being of the people who habit them. In nature, a natural hydrodynamic balance is established between the water absorbed by building materials through capillarity and osmosis, and the water transferred to the atmosphere through evaporation. The constant components within this equilibrium are the absorption of water through capillarity and osmosis of the building materials, and the chemical nature of the aqueous solution absorbed. The variable components are the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere. The evaporation surface, composed by masonry mortar, plastering, scraping and painting are the","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117059155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Health Monitoring of a Historic Church: Theory and Practice of Diagnostic Approaches Used to Control Risks and Costs","authors":"T. Morrison, S. Burrill","doi":"10.23967/sahc.2021.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176260,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117162834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}