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Institutions, Trade and Growth: the Ancient Greek Case of Proxenia 制度、贸易与增长:古希腊的普罗克萨尼亚案例
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3931983
Pier Paolo Creanza
{"title":"Institutions, Trade and Growth: the Ancient Greek Case of Proxenia","authors":"Pier Paolo Creanza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3931983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3931983","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship contends that ancient Mediterranean economies grew intensively, contrary to standard Malthusian predictions. An explanation is Smithian growth spurred by reductions in transaction costs and increased trade flows. This paper argues that an ancient Greek institution, proxenia, was among the innovations that allowed such growth in the period 500-0 BCE. Proxenia entailed a Greek city-state declaring a foreigner to be its ‘public friend’, a status that conferred both duties and privileges. Arguably, the functions performed by ‘public friends’ could facilitate economic transactions between communities. Accordingly, network and regression analyses establish a strong relation between proxenia grants and trade intensity. This provides indirect evidence supporting a secular process of market expansion and Smithian growth.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116128950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'The leading commission-house of Rio de Janeiro': os negócios da Maxwell, Wright & C.o. (c. 1827-c. 1850) ('The Leading Commission-House of Rio de Janeiro': The Maxwell, Wright & Co. Business (1827-1850)) 里约热内卢的主要佣金行"：麦克斯韦、赖特和公司（约 1827 年至 1850 年）（"里约热内卢的主要佣金行"：The Maxwell, Wright & Co.业务（1827-1850 年）
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.21789/24222704.1758
Alan dos Santos Ribeiro
{"title":"'The leading commission-house of Rio de Janeiro': os negócios da Maxwell, Wright & C.o. (c. 1827-c. 1850) ('The Leading Commission-House of Rio de Janeiro': The Maxwell, Wright & Co. Business (1827-1850))","authors":"Alan dos Santos Ribeiro","doi":"10.21789/24222704.1758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1758","url":null,"abstract":"A firma anglo-americana Maxwell, Wright & Co. teve posição de destaque nas rotas atlânticas de comércio a partir da cidade do Rio de Janeiro em meados do século XIX. Seus ramos de atividade eram os mais variados, mas, acima de tudo, a empresa atuou no comércio cafeeiro para os portos dos Estados Unidos da América. Nos anos 1840, a firma era a principal exportadora de café da praça carioca e de todo o Império. O presente trabalho visa a analisar a inserção dessa empresa estrangeira na economia brasileira das três primeiras décadas do Brasil independente.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134624500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Seeds of Their Own Destruction: Lessons from Utopian Experiments in Nineteenth-Century America - Part 1 自我毁灭的种子:19世纪美国乌托邦实验的教训(上
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3852120
Marc Hodak, John Masterson
{"title":"The Seeds of Their Own Destruction: Lessons from Utopian Experiments in Nineteenth-Century America - Part 1","authors":"Marc Hodak, John Masterson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3852120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3852120","url":null,"abstract":"social experimentation. The combination of the young nation's commercial and religious freedom and its expansive frontier enabled hundreds of social entrepreneurs to attempt utopian societies and--according to their ambitions--a template for changing the world. None of them succeeded, but the challenges they shared provide clear lessons from their failures. This paper focuses on the some of the best organized and longest-lived experiments from the hundreds that we studied, each starting with a compelling vision promoted by the community's founder, then tracing the problems that plagued their community as it grew, and how their attempts to address them led to further problems in a cycle that eventually undid their societies. We follow up those examples with a discussion of how progress was ultimately achieved in the larger societies that these experimental communities had inhabited, including how the lack of ideological constraints helped them to succeed where the utopians had failed. The overall paper is developed in three parts: Part 1: The Other American Dream Part 2: The Corporation, Body and Soul Part 3: Intelligent Design vs. Evolution of Societies The present submission is Part 1, describes the rise and failure of Hopedale, Oneida, and Amana as socialistic communities, and their respective revivals as successful for-profit corporations. We describe the fundamental challenges to societal viability that they each faced, including the incentive problem, the public choice problem, and the knowledge problem. This part includes the full list of societies that we studied.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124676341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Explains the Geographic Variation in Corporate Investment? 如何解释企业投资的地域差异?
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-05-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3851008
Shohini Kundu, Nishant Vats
{"title":"What Explains the Geographic Variation in Corporate Investment?","authors":"Shohini Kundu, Nishant Vats","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3851008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851008","url":null,"abstract":"We show that history can explain the geographic concentration of investment over and above traditional agglomerative forces, geography, and expectations. We use spatial variation in direct and indirect British rule to identify differences in historical circumstances. Using this within-country variation in historical circumstances, combined with a local identification approach and instrumental variable strategy, we explain the spatial differences in investment. Differences in historical origins can explain 13% of total geographic variation in investment. Moreover, investment is 8-10% lower in direct ruled areas. Our results indicate that history can have long-run consequences through its effect on economic organizations and state capacity.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Accounting Nature of Money and Claims 货币与债权的会计性质
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3804353
Maxime Izoulet
{"title":"The Accounting Nature of Money and Claims","authors":"Maxime Izoulet","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3804353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3804353","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the logic of double-entry bookkeeping, as it is universally used in the economic life of banks, central banks and companies, to precisely define the nature of claims and money. First, it shows that these two forms of value are always distinct in accounting, but that the claim is by nature unstable, ambivalent, and can evolve towards the monetary form under certain conditions. Then, in a second step, we show that the claim has three sources in return for which it is issued: the loan by money creation, the loan of existing money, and the forward sale of goods. These accounting relationships, which are in fact a definition of book value, then allow us to sketch out an analysis of contemporary financial and monetary crises and how to respond to them effectively.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117282655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Disproving Karl Marx’s Labor Surplus Theory 反驳马克思的劳动剩余理论
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3803855
Hak Choi
{"title":"Disproving Karl Marx’s Labor Surplus Theory","authors":"Hak Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3803855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3803855","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proves that Marx had exaggerated labor’s physical and monetary contribution, and that he had told only half of the story. The full story then disproves Marx’s slogan of exploitation and redistribution.<br>","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116666152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Famine and Young Leader Boom—China’s 1962-63 Phenomenon 饥荒与青年领袖热潮——1962-63年中国现象
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3828069
Jinfan Zhang, Peng Liu
{"title":"Famine and Young Leader Boom—China’s 1962-63 Phenomenon","authors":"Jinfan Zhang, Peng Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3828069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3828069","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the background information of business and political leaders born around China’s 1959-1961 famine, including the CEOs and board chairman of China’s public firms and the mayors and CPC secretaries of cities. We find that the likelihood of becoming business (political) leaders for people born in 1962 and 1963 jumps to 2-3 times as high as those born before the famine. The upsurge gradually declines for the following birth cohorts. This phenomenon exists not only at the country level, but also across the provinces. In a difference-in-differences test, we find evidence indicating that the 1962-63 phenomenon is caused by the close to 40 percent birth loss during the 1959-1961 famine. Our findings not only shed light on the unexpected long-run social impact of the famine, but also lend support to the prevalence of meritocracy in both business and politics in China.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129087115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of the Great Migration on Urban Renewal 大迁移对城市更新的影响
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.21033/WP-2021-04
Yingxin Shi, D. Hartley, B. Mazumder, Aastha Rajan
{"title":"The Effects of the Great Migration on Urban Renewal","authors":"Yingxin Shi, D. Hartley, B. Mazumder, Aastha Rajan","doi":"10.21033/WP-2021-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21033/WP-2021-04","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Migration significantly increased the number of African Americans moving to northern and western cities beginning in the first half of the twentieth century. We show that their arrival shaped slum clearance and urban redevelopment efforts in receiving cities. To estimate the effect of migrants, we instrument for Black population changes using a shift-share instrument that interacts historical migration patterns with local economic shocks that predict Black out-migration from the South. We find that local governments responded by undertaking more urban renewal projects that aimed to redevelop and rehabilitate “blighted” areas. More Black migrants also led to an increase in the estimated number of displaced families. This underscores the contribution of spatial policies such as urban renewal towards understanding the long-term consequences of the Great Migration on central cities and Black neighborhoods and individuals.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131900851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Deskilling among Manufacturing Production Workers 制造业生产工人的技能培训
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3429711
D. Kunst
{"title":"Deskilling among Manufacturing Production Workers","authors":"D. Kunst","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3429711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3429711","url":null,"abstract":"Although four out of five manufacturing employees work in production occupations in most countries (as opposed to white collar occupations), there is little international evidence on how the transition to more capital intensive production methods has affected the demand for different groups of manufacturing production workers. In this article, I use new occupational wage and employment data to document a global decline in the relative demand for skilled production workers in manufacturing since the 1950s. They tended to work in craftsman occupations, and commanded wages even rivaling those of some white collar workers. However, the demand for manufacturing craftsmen decreased in countries of all income groups and regions over the following decades, and declining relative craftsmen wages and employment have been associated with increasing capital intensities of production. My findings reconcile conflicting characterizations of technological change throughout the 20th century as either `skill biased' or `deskilling', and suggest that the polarization of labor demand in manufacturing precedes ICT. They also point to a decreasing number of manufacturing jobs in which workers with little formal education can acquire significant marketable skills.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129362323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Foreign Education, Ideology, and the Fall of Imperial China 外国教育、意识形态与中华帝国的灭亡
Economic History eJournal Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3749022
J. Kung, Allegro Wang
{"title":"Foreign Education, Ideology, and the Fall of Imperial China","authors":"J. Kung, Allegro Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3749022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3749022","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been accepted that education is an important determinant of economic growth. What is less often observed is that, through indoctrination, education can also shape preferences and ideology. Using the 1911 Chinese Revolution as example, we demonstrate how the Qing government’s intention to acquire knowledge useful for state building by sending students to study in Japan led to unexpected political consequences. By using the number of Chinese students in Japan as a proxy for the effects of foreign education, we show that counties with a higher density of overseas students had significantly higher participation in political parties, greater representation in electoral politics, and were more likely to declare independence from the Qing government. The content of education also mattered; political activism was significantly stronger in counties where more students studied arts and social sciences subjects. Schools and newspapers were the channels through which the ideology of nationalism was diffused.","PeriodicalId":176096,"journal":{"name":"Economic History eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116932580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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