Journal of Wildlife Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Adenoviruses in Wild Bog Turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) of the Northeastern USA.","authors":"Susan L Bartlett, Tracie A Seimon, Bonnie Raphael, Nicole Lewis, Batya Nightingale, Brian Zarate","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00112","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) are critically endangered semiaquatic turtles inhabiting fens and bogs along the east coast of the USA. Threats to their survival include habitat loss from development, roads, altered hydrology, ecological succession, proliferation of invasive plants, poaching, and infectious disease. In response to an increase in bog turtle mortality and concerns about their health, we assessed bog turtle health and pathogen prevalence across five USA states-New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland-between 2014 and 2022. Adenoviruses, specifically barthadenovirus, or atadenoviruses, siadenoviruses, and testadenoviruses, have been associated with infection and disease in chelonians. To determine whether adenoviruses were present in free-ranging bog turtle populations, we tested archived choanal-cloacal swabs by PCR. Overall, 26 (49%) of 53 pooled samples collected between 2014 and 2018 and 9 (30%) of 30 samples collected in 2022 were positive for adenovirus. The DNA sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed at least four distinct and novel lineages: Glyptemys adenovirus 1 (a testadenovirus first detected in Delaware and New Jersey in 2014 and in New York and Pennsylvania in 2016), Glyptemys adenovirus 2 (a testadenovirus detected in New Jersey and Pennsylvania in 2014), Glyptemys adenovirus 3 (an unclassified adenovirus detected in New Jersey in 2016), and Glyptemys adenovirus 4 (a siadenovirus detected in Maryland in 2016). None of these adenoviruses were associated with clinical signs or disease; however, knowledge of which pathogenic organisms are circulating in the bog turtle populations can inform decisions on monitoring, species recovery efforts, and captive breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"496-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thelazia rhodesi and Thelazia skrjabini in wild European bison (Bison bonasus) and farmed American bison (Bison bison) from Romania, 2021-23.","authors":"Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu, Cristina D Cazan, Angela M Ionică, Andrada S Cârstolovean, Angel-Gabriel Irimia, Adrian M Aldea, Călin C Şerban, Gabriel B Chişamera, Alina D Haşaş, Andrei D Mihalca","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00169","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between November 2021 and January 2023, the eyes of either slaughtered or deceased male American bison (Bison bison) and European bison (Bison bonasus) from Romania were investigated for the presence of Thelazia spp. nematodes (eye worms). These included seven farmed American bison from two locations and two wild European bison from reintroduction sites. Thelazia rhodesi and Thelazia skrjabini were present in three American bison and both European bison. A total of 38 nematodes were recovered, with T. rhodesi being the predominant species. Molecular analysis confirmed these findings and identified unique sequences for both species. The nematodes in American bison were distributed across the Pannonian and Continental biogeoregions, and those in European bison originated from the Alpine region. Thelazia spp. have not previously been reported in American bison, nor in European bison from Romania. The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and management of Thelazia infections to support conservation and reintroduction efforts. Future research should focus on the ecological factors influencing these infections and develop strategies to mitigate their impact on wildlife health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"536-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Methods to Determine Presence of Baylisascaris procyonis Eggs in Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Feces.","authors":"L Kristen Page, Andrew Loiacono, Sydney Edmunds, Benjamin Black, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Chris Anchor","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00090","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Baylisascaris procyonis, a nematode parasite of raccoons (Procyon lotor), has important implications for human health and ecological conservation. Several techniques are available for detecting B. procyonis, and it is important to consider their limitations for the specific question to be answered. The sensitivity of molecular tools to detect B. procyonis in comparison to traditional methods is unknown. We compared the sensitivity fecal flotation with PCR to identify raccoons infected with B. procyonis as determined by seeing worms at necropsy. We collected 2-6 g of fecal material from along the ascending, transverse, and descending colon of 31 raccoons, resulting in 48 fecal samples across 31 individuals. Samples were aliquoted into two sets to compare fecal flotation and PCR. Of the 31 raccoons, 7/31 (23%) were infected with B. procyonis, but fecal flotation analysis identified only 4/31 positive raccoons (13%). Using fecal flotations from known positive individuals, 4/10 (40%) were positive, but PCR did not discover any infected individuals. Our results demonstrate the importance of using multiple techniques to confirm B. procyonis presence or absence. Dissection of raccoon intestines is the most sensitive technique because it enables visualization of worms. Fecal flotations remain the most efficient method of determining environmental prevalence and positive individuals from fecal sampling. Although PCR is technically very sensitive, it is limited by the quality and quantity of DNA in a sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"483-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoplasma spp. in Passeriformes in Germany.","authors":"Theresa Sophie Klostermann, Franca Möller Palau-Ribes, Michael Lierz","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00121","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about the significance of mycoplasmas in different free-ranging bird species. One hypothesis is that the prevalence of mycoplasmas and the influence of vocalization on reproduction are evolutionarily linked. To add another piece of information toward proving or disproving this hypothesis and obtain more information about the clinical relevance of mycoplasmas, choanal swabs from different passerine species presented to a veterinary clinic were examined for mycoplasmas using culture and Mycoplasma genus-specific PCR. When mycoplasmas were detected, the species was identified by sequencing the partial 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region. In total, 221 passerines from 34 species and 17 families were sampled. Mycoplasmas were detected in 12% of the Passeriformes and mostly in four families: Sturnidae, Muscicapidae, Turdidae, and Hirundinidae. The most commonly detected Mycoplasma sp. was Mycoplasma sturni; this did not seem to be an obligate pathogen. Additionally, Mycoplasma columborale, Mycoplasma moatsii, and two unidentified Mycoplasma spp. were detected. The results indicate that in some passerine families, mycoplasmas occur with an intermediate prevalence. The rare occurrence of mycoplasmas in many passerine bird species seems to be in accordance with the hypothesis of an evolutionary link between mycoplasma prevalence and the influence of vocalization on reproduction, but the findings of our study could not prove or disprove this hypothesis. Further studies of mycoplasma prevalence in free-ranging passerine populations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"503-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mannheimia granulomatis-Infected Pyogranulomatous Oral Lesions with Concurrent Amyloidosis in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in France.","authors":"Rozenn Le Net, Benoît Thuillier, Pascal Bihannic, Jessica Schmitz, Jan H Bräsen, Reinhold P Linke, Anouk Decors, Karin Lemberger","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00154","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mannheimia granulomatis-associated lesions have been poorly described compared with those associated with other members of the Pasteurellaceae family; they include pneumonia, panniculitis, and keratoconjunctivitis in domestic and wild ruminants and hares. We describe 15 cases of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) showing M. granulomatis-infected oral lesions that were detected in France between 2016 and 2023. Comprehensive necropsies were performed, with additional analyses based on findings. All deer were >15 mo of age on the basis of tooth eruption. They were thin (1/15), cachectic (13/15), or of unknown body condition (1/15). They exhibited multiple cryptic millimetric to centimetric caseous granulomas within the lips, tongue, or cheeks (13/15); pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of a mandibular lymph node (1/15); or necrosuppurative mandibular osteomyelitis with bone proliferation (1/15). Histopathologically, oral lesions of 10/15 animals showed multifocal, severe, chronic pyogranulomatous cheilitis, glossitis, or stomatitis with intralesional Gram-negative bacterial colonies lined by Splendore-Hoeppli material. Amyloidosis was detected in 4/11 animals for which tissues were submitted for microscopic examination, affecting the abomasum, the spleen, and a minor salivary gland in, respectively, 4/6, 3/5, and 1/8 animals for which the relevant organs were assessed histologically. Amyloid deposits showed strong immunoreactivity with a murine monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid AA. AA amyloidosis, never previously described in roe deer, was considered secondary to chronic inflammation. Mannheimia granulomatis was cultured and identified biochemically or by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in oral lesions of all individuals. Coinfection with other bacterial species was sporadically identified. We considered the chronic emaciation and death of these animals to be multifactorial, involving oral lesions, secondary amyloidosis when present, parasitic infestation of variable severity, and probably environmental factors. Further investigation is needed to understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of M. granulomatis infection in roe deer, including a possible propensity to emerge as temporal and geographic clusters and to induce AA amyloidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"320-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relatively Low Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Trichinella nativa in Wolverines (Gulo gulo) from Churchill, Manitoba, Canada.","authors":"Maya J Derksen, Ashley J Pidwerbesky, Amber Papineau, Stephen D Petersen, Jillian T Detwiler","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00070","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Canadian North, trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease that is primarily transmitted by the consumption of improperly cooked walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) and bear (Ursus spp.) meat. Trichinella spp. infections in other wildlife provide information about where transmission occurs, the species present, and the potential risk of transmission to humans. Wolverines (Gulo gulo) can serve as a sentinel species, due to their scavenging behavior, high trophic level, and high larval burden when infected. We determined the prevalence, intensity, and genetic diversity of Trichinella infections in wolverines in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, and compared these results with those of studies conducted in other northern Canadian provinces. Larvae were found in 41% (9/22) of hosts, with a mean intensity of 5.93 larvae per gram of tongue tissue. The DNA sequencing of the cytochrome b gene confirmed that all hosts were infected with Trichinella nativa and that diversity was limited with only two distinct haplotypes recovered. The presence of T. nativa in wolverines indicates that this parasite is being maintained in a sylvatic cycle and that humans could be at risk of transmission in northern Manitoba.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"467-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Prevalence in Galapagos Giant Tortoises.","authors":"Gislayne Mendoza-Alcívar, Sharon L Deem, Fernando Esperón, Ainoa Nieto-Claudín","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00177","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galapagos giant tortoises are the largest terrestrial vertebrates and one of the most iconic species of the Galapagos islands. Their populations continue to be endangered because of multiple factors, mostly driven by anthropogenic activities. In recent years, the presence of novel infectious agents of potential conservation concern, including two adenoviruses and two herpesviruses, has been reported in some Galapagos tortoise species. With the aim of describing the presence and prevalence of these pathogens in additional tortoise species, we collected oral, ocular, and cloacal swabs from 99 free-living tortoises from San Cristobal (Chelonoidis chathamensis) and Isabela islands (Chelonoidis vicina and Chelonoidis guntheri) and screened these for the presence of herpesvirus and adenovirus by PCR. We detected Chelonoidis adenovirus 1 (CheAdV1) and Chelonoidis adenovirus 2 (CheAdV2) in all sampling locations, whereas we did not detect herpesvirus in any tortoises. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that San Cristobal nucleotide and amino acid sequences clustered in a clade with CheAdV1, whereas the Isabela nucleotide and amino acid sequences clustered together with CheAdV2. This contributes additional information regarding tortoise viral distribution in the Galapagos Archipelago. We recommend long-term health surveillance of tortoises and other wildlife species to inform conservation actions in the Galapagos involving captive-breeding and rewilding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance for Leptospira sp. in Native and Invasive Shrews in Ireland Compared with Cohabitating Shrews in France.","authors":"Michelle Imlau, John A Browne, Samuel S Browett, Allan D McDevitt, Barry J McMahon, Jarlath E Nally, Hanne Jahns","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is a complex and often underestimated global bacterial disease that continues to be of zoonotic concern. It is difficult to diagnose and has an unclear pathogenesis. Several new species of the genus Leptospira have been discovered in recent years; the impact of these species on animal health is unknown. In 2013, Leptospira tipperaryensis was first identified in greater white-toothed shrews (GWTSs, Crocidura russula) in Ireland, where they are an invasive species that displaces the native pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus). This study investigated the prevalence of Leptospira spp., including L. tipperaryensis, and their potential impact on the health of shrews from Ireland using histopathology (n=212), immunohistochemistry (IHC; n=206), and quantitative PCR (n=168) on renal tissues. Shrews (n=81) from Belle Île, France were examined as a species and habitat control group using histopathology (n=81) and IHC (n=79). No Leptospira were detected with any of the methods in renal tissues from shrews sampled in Ireland and there was no significant renal pathology. In contrast, 34.6% (28/81) of shrews from Belle Île were positive on IHC for Leptospira sp. and had associated chronic nephritis in histopathology. The results do not indicate a negative impact by L. tipperaryensis or other Leptospira spp. on the health and distribution of the GWTS and the pygmy shrew in Ireland; onward transmission within the shrew population currently appears unlikely.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"61 2","pages":"477-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Double-crested Cormorants (Nannopterum auritum) of the Chesapeake Bay, USA.","authors":"Johanna Harvey, Jeffery D Sullivan, Rebecca L Poulson, Deborah L Carter, Cindy P Driscoll, Peter C McGowan, Carl R Callahan, Amy W O'Donnell, Jennifer M Mullinax, David E Stallknecht, Diann J Prosser","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00111","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Double-crested Cormorants (Nannopterum auritum) have historically exhibited low levels of infection and antibodies to avian influenza virus (AIV). The recent global expansion of clade 2.3.4.4b A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) has resulted in large-scale mortalities across diverse waterbird taxa including cormorants. We sampled 32 and 29 Double-crested Cormorants breeding in the Chesapeake Bay, US, during the summers of 2023 and 2024, respectively, to assess HPAI H5N1 infection and AIV antibodies. Although no mortality was observed in the area, one bird sampled in 2023 was infected with HPAI H5N1. Additionally, 21/31 individuals in 2023 and 10/25 individuals in 2024 for which sera were collected had AIV antibodies. Based on additional testing using hemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralization, and an enzyme-linked lectin assay, 94 and 100% (2023 and 2024, respectively) of the seropositive birds tested positive for antibodies to both H5 and N1, suggesting previous infection with HPAI H5N1. These results are consistent with survival and limited clinical effects related to HPAI H5N1 infections. Furthermore, these results suggest that population immunity to HPAI H5N1 within the Chesapeake Bay might reduce future infections and potential population impacts should HP H5N1 remain on the landscape, though immunity may be waning across time. Because results are based on a single population, additional testing for both infection and antibodies as well as continued monitoring could enhance understanding of antibody persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"348-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Sulawesi Tortoise Adenovirus in Free-living Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta), and Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in Illinois, USA.","authors":"Zachary C Ready, Laura Adamovicz, Maris Daleo, Amber Simmons, Gary Glowacki, William Graser, Chris Anchor, Dan Thompson, Matthew C Allender","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00124","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulawesi tortoise adenovirus (STADV) has been implicated in a mortality event involving three endangered species of tortoises and detected in free-living painted turtles (Chrysemys picta); however, the epidemiology of this virus in North American turtles remains unclear. The specific objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the prevalence of STADV in free-living Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), painted turtles, and red-eared sliders (RES; Trachemys scripta elegans) in Illinois, US, using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 2) determine if qPCR prevalence is associated with location, sex, age class, blood parameters, or clinical signs across these three species. Oral-cloacal swabs from 581 Blanding's turtles, 137 painted turtles, and 82 RES sampled across three counties from 2017 to 2022 were evaluated via qPCR. The prevalence of STADV was 2.4% for Blanding's turtles, 14.9% for painted turtles, and 45% for RES. Blanding's turtle subadults (P=0.022) and painted turtle adults (P<0.0001) were more likely to test positive than other age classes within the same species, while no age class association was found in RES (P=0.5). Clinical signs associated with STADV detection included quiet, alert, responsive mentation (P=0.002), pink mucous membranes (P<0.001), carapacial abnormalities (P=0.036), and plastron abnormalities (P=0.003). In a multivariable model, significant predictors for STADV detection included species, with painted turtles (P<0.0001) and RES (P=0.001) more likely to test positive than Blanding's turtles, and year, with turtles sampled in 2021 less likely to test positive than those sampled in 2017 (P=0.005). Detection of STADV was not significantly associated with location, month, sex, hematologic findings, serum biochemical findings, or protein electrophoretic profiles. Widespread molecular detection of STADV in these three species suggests a possible origin for the virus in the outbreak described in 2009, underscoring the importance of epidemiology studies to aid in the management of free-living and managed chelonians.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"408-418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}