Journal of Wildlife Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Detection of Bufonid Herpesvirus 1 and Ranid Herpesvirus 3 in Native Amphibians in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 2022-23.","authors":"Christoph Leineweber, Lotte C Striewe, Simon Rohner, Arne Drews, Christian Winkler, Patrick Pohlmann, Rene Seifert, Jennifer Scherzer, Ursula Siebert, Rachel E Marschang","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amphibians worldwide are increasingly threatened, with some populations experiencing significant declines. Infectious diseases play a major role in many of these scenarios. Bufonid herpesvirus 1 (BfHV1) and ranid herpesvirus 3 (RaHV3) are both relatively recently discovered pathogens of European amphibians, and their distribution and host species spectrums are not yet fully understood. In the present study, native amphibians were sampled at four locations in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, during the spawning seasons from March to June 2022 and 2023. In total, 611 skin swabs from nine amphibian species were analyzed for BfHV1 and RaHV3 by using PCR. The overall prevalence was 10.64% for BfHV1 and 4.91% for RaHV3. Prevalence varied significantly (P <0.05) between the species tested and the locations: BfHV1 was found in common toads (Bufo, 62.82%), common frogs (Rana temporaria, 12.28%), moor frogs (Rana arvalis, 7.55%), natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita, 4.17%), water frogs (Pelophylax sp., 1.54%), northern crested newts (Triturus cristatus, 1.27%), and smooth newts (Lissotrion vulgaris, 0.68%), whereas RaHV3 was found in common frogs (43.86%), northern crested newts (3.80%), and smooth newts (1.36%). No macroscopic pathogen-specific skin lesions were noted in any of the animals during sample collection. The role of these herpesviruses in health and disease of native amphibians, as well as the role of various species in their epidemiology, requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Leukemia Virus in Free-ranging Neotropical Wild Felids and in Domestic Cats Found Inside Protected Areas within Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","authors":"José Reck, Greice Zorzato Gonchoroski, Lauren Santos de Mello, Vinicius Proença da Silveira, Vagner Ricardo Lunge, Carlos Benhur Kasper, Márcia Jardim, Tatiane C Trigo","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses that cause severe diseases in domestic cats. Recently, they have emerged as a concern for wild felids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure to feline retroviruses in free-ranging Neotropical wild felids from southern Brazil. A total of 48 road-killed wild felids belonging to three species were sampled: Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), margay (Leopardus wiedii), and Southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus). In addition, 28 domestic cats found inside protected areas were investigated. Both the wild and domestic felids were tested for the presence of FeLV and FIV with lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) and molecular methods. Three wild felids (two Geoffroy's cats and one margay) were positive to FeLV by LFA (antigen), PCR (proviral DNA), and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (viral RNA). From the 28 free-roaming domestic cats sampled inside protected areas, 10 (35%) were positive for FeLV. None of the domestic or wild felids were positive for FIV. In addition to the occurrence of FeLV in two species of free-ranging Neotropical felids, FeLV-positive domestic cats appear to be relatively common in protected areas from southern Brazil, posing an important risk of FeLV transmission to threatened wild felids inside those areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Immobilization of Red Serows (Capricornis rubidus) with Ketamine and Medetomidine.","authors":"Sanath Krishna Muliya, Lallianpuii Kawlni, John Lalhnuna, Vishnupriya Kolipakam, Akangshya Gogoi, Qamar Qureshi","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-23-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-23-00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The red serow (Capricornis rubidus) is a solitary, cryptic, forest-dwelling goat-antelope species from Asia, with very limited veterinary and health information. We report on the chemical immobilization of three red serows by using medetomidine (0.03 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg). This combination may be useful for chemical capture and field anaesthesia of these animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Toxoplasma gondii in Endangered Eastern Barred Bandicoots (Perameles gunnii) on Phillip and French Islands.","authors":"Michael Lynch, K L D Tharaka D Liyanage, Andrew Stent, Duncan R Sutherland, Amy Coetsee, Katherine Adriaanse, Abdul Jabbar, Jasmin Hufschmid","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some Australian marsupial species are believed to have a high likelihood of death following infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The impacts of T. gondii on free-ranging marsupial populations have not, however, been well demonstrated, with most studies only reporting seroprevalence. This parameter alone does not allow assessment of the impact of infection and may underestimate the incidence of exposure in species highly susceptible to fatal disease. We used multiple diagnostic methods on two free-ranging eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunni) populations and one long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) population to assess the impacts of T. gondii. Animals had their serological status to T. gondii determined using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Three MAT-positive results were returned from 212 bandicoot blood samples collected from 159 individuals, whereas 16.7% (7/42) potoroos were MAT positive. Animals available for necropsy underwent histopathological examination and had tissues tested for T. gondii by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed by histopathology in 13.1% (18/137) of bandicoots, and more than half of these animals had severe disease. Positive qPCR results were returned in 19.2% (37/193) of bandicoots and 12.5% 7/56) of potoroos. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection demonstrated by qPCR and the observation that >50% of histopathology-positive bandicoots had severe toxoplasmosis demonstrates that infection is an issue of population importance. This result, coupled with the low number of MAT-positive bandicoots detected, suggests that eastern barred bandicoots are highly likely to die within weeks of exposure to T. gondii, before immunoglobulin G antibodies are formed. This contrasts with sympatric potoroos, assumed to be exposed to T. gondii with comparable frequency to bandicoots. The potoroos showed a T. gondii antibody prevalence similar to their qPCR antigen prevalence, suggesting survival after infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatozoonosis in Free-Ranging American Mink (Neovison vison) in Pennsylvania, USA: Case Series.","authors":"Lane Potts, Ian Gereg, Kayla B Garrett, Michael J Yabsley, Kevin D Niedringhaus","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatozoon spp. are protozoal organisms that infect a wide variety of animal hosts. Three free-ranging American mink (Neovison vison) from Pennsylvania, USA, were diagnosed with hepatozoonosis either as the primary cause of mortality or as a co-morbidity with canine distemper virus infection or trauma. In all cases, protozoa were detected in the lungs and/or heart with varying severity, as characteristic microgranulomas with intrahistiocytic merozoites as well as fewer distinct meronts. Partial 18S rRNA gene sequence from one case was identical to a Hepatozoon sp. previously detected in mink followed by a Hepatozoon sp. detected in ticks and other mustelid species. This paper expands on the limited knowledge of Hepatozoon spp. infecting North American mustelids and correlates that a previously detected Hepatozoon sp. in mink can cause histopathological lesions and occasional mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-epidemiological Investigation of a Disease Outbreak among Pampas Foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) from a Protected Area in Southern Brazil.","authors":"José Reck, Greice Zorzato Gonchoroski, Maria Ogrzewalska, André Salvador Kazantzi Fonseca, Nilo Ikuta, Vagner Ricardo Lunge, Márcia Jardim, Tatiane C Trigo","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-25-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-25-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogens of domestic dogs have been reported in various carnivorans worldwide. Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been responsible for lethal outbreaks and population declines. Data are scarce regarding CDV outbreaks and their impact on South American canids. An eco-epidemiological investigation of a disease outbreak in a free-living population of Pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) in a protected area (reserve) in southern Brazil began after locals informed our team of three foxes in the reserve showing signs of incoordination and seizures. Two carcasses of recently dead foxes were recovered and tested for CDV and rabies. Additionally, samples from 22 Pampas foxes live trapped in the study area were analyzed. Samples of the two dead foxes were positive for CDV antigen, and one of them for the presence of CDV RNA. None of the animals were positive for rabies virus. Analysis of a sequence from the CDV hemagglutinin gene allowed the classification of the CDV strain within the South America 1/Europe 1 (SA1/E1) clade, with high identity with other strains previously identified in domestic dogs. Approximately 90% of live-trapped Pampas foxes were seropositive for the presence of anti-CDV antibodies, and two of them showed myoclonus, indicating an outbreak of CDV in a population of free-ranging Pampas foxes in southern Brazil, possibly due to a spillover from domestic dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 Experimental Infection in Snowshoe Hares (Lepus americanus).","authors":"Angela M Bosco-Lauth, Stephanie M Porter, Rachel M Maison, Karen A Fox, Jeffrey M Marano, Jacob S Ivan, Karen Griffin, Marissa Quilici, J Jeffrey Root","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is an emerging virus of lagomorphs, with an extremely high mortality rate. Outbreaks of RHDV2 have been reported in domestic and wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and wild lagomorphs globally, with the recent emergence and establishment of RHDV2 in the US in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Here, we describe experimental infections in snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), a species of conservation interest in the US. In this pilot study that took place January-April 2022, six hares were orally exposed to infectious virus and monitored for clinical signs and viral shedding for 2 wk. Snowshoe hares were relatively resistant to disease, with no hares succumbing to lethal infection during the experimental time frame (14 d) and animals showing histopathologic evidence of recovery from hepatic injury. Liver samples collected postmortem and pooled fecal samples collected daily were PCR positive for RHDV2, indicating that the hares were indeed infected and shedding viral particles. The majority of hares (5/6) seroconverted by the end of the study. These findings suggest that snowshoe hares are susceptible to RHDV2 and can potentially shed virus onto the landscape, but are less likely to be affected clinically than certain other species of lagomorph.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape Variables Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Exposure in American Mink (Neogale vison) and Domestic Cats (Felis catus) in the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest, Chile.","authors":"Carlos Calvo-Mac, Nicole Delgado-Parada, Claudia Muñoz-Zanzi, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed protozoan, poses risks to wildlife and public health, with domestic cats playing a significant role in its dissemination. The Valdivian temperate rainforest in southern Chile, known for its biodiversity and endemism, faces threats from human activities and from invasive species such as domestic cats. We evaluated T. gondii seroprevalence in two sympatric introduced carnivores, an intermediate host, the American mink (Neogale vison), and a definitive host, the domestic cat (Felis catus), and we determined landscape variables linked to exposure for both species and identified high T. gondii exposure using ecological niche modeling. Seroprevalence for T. gondii in 180 American minks and 140 domestic cats exceeded 60% in both species, indicating significant exposure to T. gondii within the study area. Spatial analysis highlighted a relationship between low-altitude areas, characterized by floodable forests and slower river flow, and elevated T. gondii exposure in both species. Areas with agricultural activity and higher human and cattle densities, such as croplands and grasslands, exhibited an increased risk of T. gondii exposure. Parasite exposure was higher in the Tolten and Valdivia River basins compared to the other four basins studied. These findings emphasize the importance of considering landscape factors, including altitude, land use, and human activities, when assessing T. gondii exposure patterns. The identified landscape variables associated with exposure and the mapping of high-risk areas can guide public health and conservation management plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test ELISA Varies in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with Different Postmortem White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Biological Samples.","authors":"Raquel Francisco, Sonia M Hernandez, Ethan P Barton, Melanie R Kunkel, Kayla G Adcock, Daniel G Mead, Mark G Ruder, Jillian R Broadhurst, Michael J Yabsley","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The susceptibility of white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) to SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in WTD being one of the most studied wildlife species during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, WTD specimen collections for SARS-CoV-2 research and surveillance have largely been opportunistic. Our objective was to evaluate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in WTD serum, plus two additional WTD biological sample types, using a blocking ELISA previously used for WTD serum. The two additional sample types evaluated were eluted Nobuto filter-paper strips (FPSs) from heparinized whole blood collected perimortem from 34 WTD and serosanguinous fluid collected postmortem from the thoracic cavity of 34 WTD. A true NAb prevalence of 88% was established from the serum samples. The FPS eluates performed most poorly (56% apparent prevalence; 57% sensitivity; 50% specificity), followed by serosanguinous fluid (88% apparent prevalence; 87% sensitivity; 0% specificity). Serosanguinous fluid appeared to better reflect the WTD population's true seroprevalence, although sensitivity decreased to <90% for both nonserum biological sample types. As studies are being developed to better understand the ecology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in WTD and other wildlife, it is important to consider the sample type being assessed, because sensitivity may vary greatly.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus phocae-Associated Pyothorax Secondary to Verminous Perforative Esophagitis in a Juvenile Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) in the UK.","authors":"Imogen L Payne, Jesús S Hernández Orts, Susan M Thornton, Andrew F Rich","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A stranded juvenile harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) was necropsied following acute dyspnea and death. Necropsy revealed an esophageal perforation caused by fourth-stage Contracaecum osculatum larvae with Streptococcus phocae-associated pyothorax and aspiration pneumonia. Pyothorax is uncommon in seals, and S. phocae is considered a novel etiology, secondary to verminous esophageal perforation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}