Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication and Evaluation of Plasmonic Nanopipettes for Near-Field Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.","authors":"Abu Montakim Tareq, Olivia E Dalman, Munachimso Onuoha, Xing He, Ylli Conti, Richard Ifeanyichukwu Ikwugbado, Lindsey R Madison, Naihao Chiang","doi":"10.1116/6.0004821","DOIUrl":"10.1116/6.0004821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmonic nanopipettes, which are functionalized with plasmonic nanomaterials, are widely used in near-field spectroscopy to enhance the optical processes. The fabrication and screening processes of these nanopipettes are critical for their intended applications. Here, an easy-to-implement fabrication scheme based on high-vacuum sputtered gold island films was reported. Additionally, the process of using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to evaluate the plasmonic enhancement of nanopipettes was described for near-infrared laser excitation, and it could be readily applied to other optical windows. These results indicated that the reported plasmonic nanopipettes can be used as Tip-SERS probes. Finally, the scanning ion-conductance microscopic tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SICM-TERS) was demonstrated with the optimized plasmonic nanopipette. Together with density functional theory simulation, the observed near-field Raman spectra were analyzed and assigned. These plasmonic nanopipettes can be used to investigate a range of surface science problems in heterogeneous electrochemical interfaces, as well as in soft and biomimetic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12643057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145604927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid preparation of superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant surfaces based on etching-assisted phosphating modification and analysis of their corrosion resistance mechanisms","authors":"Zheng Fang, Yuanzhen Duan, Yong Jiang, Jiyuan Zhu","doi":"10.1116/6.0004934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004934","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid, mild, and scalable routes to superhydrophobic corrosion-resistant surfaces are highly desired for light alloys. Here, we report a two-step process that combines etching-assisted phosphating with Al(H2PO4)3 and a subsequent low-surface-energy modification. The treatment builds a micro/nano hierarchical texture together with a phosphate/hydroxide conversion layer within &amp;lt;1 h, yielding a superhydrophobic interface with a static water contact angle of ∼166.9°. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (3.5 wt. % NaCl) evidences a pronounced barrier effect, with the low-frequency |Z| at 0.01 Hz reaching ∼108 Ω cm2, and remaining high over 1 h/24 h/7 d immersion. Equivalent-circuit analysis (two time constants) together with postexposure SEM supports a dual-protection mechanism in which the superhydrophobic top layer blocks electrolyte access while the conversion layer passivates the substrate. Mechanical and chemical stability tests further confirm robust performance under abrasion and saline/alkaline exposures. Overall, this mild and time-efficient strategy balances anticorrosion efficacy with wettability control and manufacturability, offering a practical route for protecting light-alloy surfaces.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accordion-shaped Ni-metal-organic framework based thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes for seawater desalination","authors":"Jiayao Shen, Pingchun Guo, Hedong Jiang, Hui-Lin Guo, Jiake Li, Hua Zhu, Xueguo Zhao, Yanxiang Wang","doi":"10.1116/6.0004810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004810","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, water scarcity is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Metal-organic framework (MOF) forward osmosis membranes show great potential for use in seawater desalination applications due to their high chemical stability, high ion retention rate, and high mechanical strength. Currently, there are relatively few studies on the application of MOF membranes in forward osmosis. In this study, the application of Ni-BDC in forward osmosis membranes is highlighted. Ni-BDC/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) forward osmosis composite membranes were prepared by combining accordion-shaped Ni-BDC particles with the surface of PVDF support membranes under gravity deposition, which greatly improved the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of the membranes and provided additional flow channels for water molecules. The experimental results prove that the addition of Ni-BDC significantly improves the water flux of the membrane and the retention rate of salt ions (K+, Li+, Mg2+, Na+), and the retention rate of salt is more stable. After 10 h, the composite membrane still had a retention rate of over 99.85% for all salt ions, with a water flux of 7.22 l m−2 h−1. These results demonstrate the potential of Ni-BDC/PVDF forward osmosis membranes for desalination.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147895809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and performance study of hollow glass microsphere-based polymeric silazane high-temperature resistant anticorrosion coatings","authors":"Jiawei Xue, Chenshi Li, Xing Shen, Bin Yuan, Alidad Amirfazli","doi":"10.1116/6.0004674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004674","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal insulation and anticorrosion coatings can effectively improve the energy efficiency of equipment and pipelines, reducing energy consumption, and have good application prospects in marine and petrochemical pipelines. Therefore, this study prepared a robust composite coating through chemical cross-linking and analyzed its anticorrosion and thermal insulation mechanisms. Infrared analysis showed that the –OH group in epoxy resins could react with the Si–H group in polysilazane, forming a stable cross-linked structure, thereby imparting good mechanical stability to the coating. SEM and AFM images revealed that after 500 abrasion cycles, the coating surface showed no obvious scratches or peeling. After five sand drop and water impact test cycles, the contact angle and rolling angle of the coating only decreased slightly. The adhesion level of the coating was rated as level 1, and the pencil hardness was 6H. When hollow glass microspheres were added to the coating, they not only isolated heat but also enhanced the corrosion resistance of the coating. Thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermogravimetric analysis curves indicated that the mass loss of the coating before 800 °C was only 12.35%. In thermal insulation experiments, the temperature of the composite coating was reduced by 38.6 °C compared to the internal temperature. After being immersed in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution for 168 h, the low-frequency resistance of the coating remained greater than 102 Ω cm2. We believe that this green, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective thermal insulation and anticorrosion coating has broad application prospects in various industrial fields.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated design of covalent organic frameworks-based solid-state electrolytes and cathode materials for constructing high-performance lithium metal batteries","authors":"Wanyang Guo, Kexin Zhu, Panpan Li, Xinrui Liu, Ying Li, Xiaofeng Li, Wei Liu, Jinfang Zhang","doi":"10.1116/6.0004553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004553","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are regarded as the next-generation energy storage systems, offering enhanced safety and higher energy density. Polyethylene oxide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have garnered significant attention due to their advantages, including superior safety, straightforward fabrication processes, and high energy density. However, their low ionic conductivity has hindered the commercialization of SSLMBs. In this study, we developed a modified grafting PEG onto modified material COF-5-6 SSE slurry, which was coated onto the surface of a LiFePO4 cathode to construct an integrated SSE for SSLMBs. The B atoms in COF-5-6-PEG serve as Lewis acid sites, adsorbing and anchoring anions from lithium salts, thereby promoting the dissociation of lithium salts and releasing more Li+. Additionally, the S and O polar atoms complex with Li+, facilitating the solvation of Li+ within flexible segments and enabling rapid Li+ transport through the interconnected channels. As a result, the COF-5-6-PEG SSE membrane demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 1.41 × 10−3 S cm−1 and a Li+ transference number of 0.47, along with stable polarization behavior for over 400 h with Li metal electrodes at 80 °C. Moreover, the Li||COF-5-6-PEG SSE||LiFePO4 cells exhibit a dendrite-free lithium metal surface, promising rate capability, and cycling performance, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 122.8 mA h g−1 at 2 C and retaining 65.5% of its capacity after 200 cycles. These results highlight that the synergistic regulation of material structure and fabrication processes is an effective strategy for designing high-performance SSEs.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of Craft paper-based temperature-regulated flame-retardant superhydrophobic coating","authors":"Haoxiang Shi, Yinping Zhou, Xuanhao Sheng, Haolin Wang, Bin Xu","doi":"10.1116/6.0004401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004401","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the double-layer shell paraffin@SiO2/LDH microcapsules with temperature regulation and flame-retardant functions were prepared by hydrolytic polymerization, electrostatic attraction, and in situ deposition. The paper-based temperature-regulated flame-retardant superhydrophobic coating was prepared by spraying a mixture of phase change microcapsules and an ethyl acetate solution containing polydimethylsiloxane-modified epoxy resin on the surface of Craft paper. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microcapsules were rough spheres with a diameter of 10 μm. The results of the differential scanning calorimetry thermal analysis revealed that the melting point and latent heat of paraffin@SiO2/MgAl-LDH microcapsules were 46.92 °C and 68.44 J/g. The self-cleaning experiment showed that Craft paper-based temperature-regulated flame-retardant superhydrophobic coating had an excellent self-cleaning effect. The combustion experiment showed that the temperature-regulated flame-retardant superhydrophobic coating had an effective flame-retardant effect.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical size effects of novel core-shell structured liquid gallium nanoparticles","authors":"Wuxu Zhang, Jinyun Liu, Zidong He, Huali Yang, Shiying Li, Feng Xu, Qi Zhang, Yiwei Liu, Yue Wu, Baoru Bian, Ji Lin, Jie Shang, Run-Wei Li","doi":"10.1116/6.0004403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004403","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid metal nanoparticles (LM NPs) find extensive applications in flexible electronics, nanomedicine, and various other fields owing to their deformability and distinctive solid-liquid core-shell configuration. Nevertheless, the dynamic structural transformations and size-dependent mechanical characteristics of gallium-based core-shell nanoparticles are not well comprehended due to the constraints of high-precision nanoparticle mechanical characterization techniques. This limitation significantly hampers their utilization and advancement. This study systematically investigates the synthesis approaches of thiolated and nonthiolated gallium NPs and comprehensively examines the evolution of their structures and mechanical properties in relation to time and particle dimensions, leading to several significant findings. Initially, scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a 3 nm thick gallium oxide (Ga2O3) shell layer on both thiolated and nonthiolated gallium nanoparticles during synthesis. The gallium oxide shells on these two types of nanoparticles did not form simultaneously; instead, they underwent further oxidation and thickening over time, with the thickness stabilizing at day 10 for thiolated NPs and day 15 for nonthiolated NPs. Subsequently, the impact of gallium NPs’ size on mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and critical fracture force, was investigated using atomic force microscopy and finite element simulation. It was observed that the elastic modulus of gallium NPs increased exponentially as the particle size decreased. This change in modulus was not only solely influenced by Young’s modulus of the gallium oxide shells as predicted by the classical Reissner’s theory but also by the increase in the bulk modulus of the gallium core due to its size effects. A significant discovery was made regarding the impact of internal pressure from the liquid gallium core on preventing the inward buckling of the gallium oxide shell during compression. This discovery notably increased the deformability of gallium nanoparticles, allowing them to withstand strains from 10% to 18% without fracturing. This unique behavior has not been documented in prior studies on the mechanical properties of liquid metal nanoparticles, indicating promising opportunities for utilizing and designing core-shell structured LM NPs.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147890410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation behavior of TiB2–SiC nanocomposite coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering","authors":"Y. Wu, Qizhong Li, Rong Tu, Takashi Goto","doi":"10.1116/6.0004075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004075","url":null,"abstract":"TiB2 and TiB2-SiC coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering using pure TiB2 targets and TiB2-20 mol. % SiC composite targets, and their high-temperature oxidation behavior in air was investigated. The addition of SiC transformed the TiB2 coating from a columnar microstructure to a densely nanocrystalline structure. After air annealing at 500 °C, a small amount of B2O3 oxide scales began to form on the surface of T20S. As the annealing temperature increased, the T0S coating developed loose B2O3 and TiO2 oxide layers and was completely oxidized at 1000 °C. In contrast, the dense B2O3 and amorphous borosilicate passivation layer in the T20S coating inhibited oxygen diffusion, delaying complete oxidation until annealing at 1100 °C.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust coating for high-temperature and corrosion-resistant","authors":"Xing Shen, Xuhong Xu, Chenshi Li, Jingjing Wang, Fuhao Liang, Alidad Amirfazli","doi":"10.1116/6.0003954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0003954","url":null,"abstract":"Polysilazane (PSZ) is a class of novel materials with significant advantages; however, its practical applications are severely limited due to drawbacks such as the need for high-temperature curing and susceptibility to brittleness and cracking. Consequently, we have chosen PSZ and epoxy resin (EP) as the film-forming resins, with silica aerogel (SiO2gel) serving as the inorganic filler, to fabricate a SiO2gel–PSZ/EP composite coating capable of curing at room temperature. The incorporation of EP and SiO2gel has improved the toughness, mechanical stability, and thermal stability of PSZ. After 800 cycles of abrasion wear, the composite coating maintained its surface integrity. The scratch test rated its adhesion at level 1. Additionally, after 14 days of immersion in acidic and alkaline solutions, the coating demonstrated favorable chemical stability. The coating underwent 10 cycles of thermal shock testing, during which no significant cracking or peeling was observed on the surface. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing revealed that, after exposure to 300 °C, the composite coating exhibited a corrosion current density of 1.23 × 10−10 cm2, corresponding to a corrosion protection efficiency of up to 99.99%. In summary, the coating maintains excellent anticorrosion properties even after exposure to high temperatures and demonstrates outstanding stability, significantly enhancing its durability in harsh environments. This enhancement suggests a broad potential for applications in the field of subsea transportation.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning electron microscopy imaging of multilayer-doped GaN: Effects of surface band bending, surface roughness, and contamination layers on doping contrast","authors":"Siyuan Wang, Kai Zhang, Le Zhai, Li Huang","doi":"10.1116/6.0003824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0003824","url":null,"abstract":"Dopant profiling by a scanning electron microscope possesses great potential in the semiconductor industry due to its rapid, contactless, non-destructive, low cost, high spatial resolution, and high accuracy characteristics. Here, the influence of plasma and wet chemical treatments on doping contrast was investigated for a multilayered p-n GaN specimen, which is one of the most promising third-generation wide bandgap semiconductors. Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscope were employed to characterize the degree of surface band bending, surface roughness, gallium oxides, and hydrocarbons on the surface of GaN. N2 and air plasmas were unable to remove the surface contamination layers, although the degree of surface band bending was suppressed. In contrast, wet chemical methods offer superior capability in removing contamination layers; however, the surface roughness was increased to varying degrees. Notably, NH4F solution is capable of improving the doping contrast. The underlying mechanism was elucidated from the perspective of surface band bending, surface roughness, and contamination. The findings reported here will provide a feasible solution for effective characterization of semiconductor materials and devices.","PeriodicalId":17490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}