Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam最新文献

Muslim Intellectuals’ Insights and Their Contributions to the Development of Alternative Social Science in the Malay-Indonesian Context 马来-印尼背景下穆斯林知识分子的见解及其对另类社会科学发展的贡献

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.307-330

H. Bachtiar, Zakiyuddin Baidhawy

{"title":"Muslim Intellectuals’ Insights and Their Contributions to the Development of Alternative Social Science in the Malay-Indonesian Context","authors":"H. Bachtiar, Zakiyuddin Baidhawy","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.307-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.307-330","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine the interaction between social science and tradition in Malay-Indonesian scholarship, with a particular focus on the perspectives of Muslim intellectuals. This interaction is represented by two approaches: autonomous social science and prophetic social science. The article argues that both approaches have their distinct inclinations in perceiving and formulating theoretical foundations. These inclinations are shaped by their unique qualities, alternative values, intellectual stances, and thinking styles. Moreover, during the process of development, they are influenced by various factors that give them their distinct characteristics, such as autonomy, a problem-based approach, and a strong commitment to rethinking society and driving change and transformation. The social concept of Islam Nusantara represents this development. It is a collection of arguments and practices of Islam adopted by Muslims in Nusantara, which have shaped patterns of social relations and cohesiveness through communicative actions throughout a specific historical epoch in the region. The article also highlights two essential factors that significantly shape these approaches: the dominant schools of thought in social science and the peculiar Malay-Indonesian traditions. While Western social sciences have played a central role in understanding certain concepts, Malay-Indonesian traditions have contributed significantly to shaping the paradigm of local scholars.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123937297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visiting a Sufi Shaykh: A Contemporary Experience of Religious Pilgrimage 拜访一位苏菲谢赫:宗教朝圣的当代体验

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.167-186

Makhabbad Maltabarova

{"title":"Visiting a Sufi Shaykh: A Contemporary Experience of Religious Pilgrimage","authors":"Makhabbad Maltabarova","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.167-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.167-186","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Modern experience of spiritual search has mixed up all the colors of the religious domain. It is no longer a strict definition of what the term pilgrimage implies. There is a growing number of seemingly secular places visited by both members of traditional religious institutions and New Age movements. However, the Western culture of pilgrimage is still recognized as individual and not accepting religious elements as such. Using reliable sociological approaches and the ethnographical material, the present article challenges this assumption and seeks to create a more productive discussion on the topic. For this, it examines the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi community of Lefke (Cyprus), a place of pilgrimage for Muslims, non-Muslims, Europeans, Americans—all motivated by the goal of visiting a Sufi shaykh. The article analyzes the pilgrimage to Lefke by means of John Urry’s three bases of co-presence and illustrates how the Islamic vocabulary of pilgrimage has also changed in adaptation to the new realities of the post-secular world. As a result, it is argued that Sufism, with its historically proven ability to combine the individual and collective spheres of religious life, can provide a useful framework for understanding the contemporary pilgrimage phenomenon.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117287724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Environmental Activism in Indonesian Pesantren: The Role of Lora in Mainstreaming Islamic Eco-theology in Tapal Kuda, East Java 印尼Pesantren的环境行动主义:在东爪哇的Tapal Kuda, Lora在主流化伊斯兰生态神学中的作用

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.280-306

Nor Hasan, M. Mardhatillah, Moh. Mashur Abadi, A. Hidayat

{"title":"Environmental Activism in Indonesian Pesantren: The Role of Lora in Mainstreaming Islamic Eco-theology in Tapal Kuda, East Java","authors":"Nor Hasan, M. Mardhatillah, Moh. Mashur Abadi, A. Hidayat","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.280-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.280-306","url":null,"abstract":"Young kiais (also known as lora in Madura culture) at Tapal Kuda, East Java have become increasingly involved in environmental issues, yet not in a fully coordinated or organized manner. This article attempts to give a brief portrayal of this fledgling movement and its moderate form of religious environmentalism. This study seeks to identify the factors responsible for this new environmentalist movement, the individuals behind it, and its impact in East Java. Through interviews and observations it is argued that the lora show moderation in propagating their concerns and empowering the community to take care of the environment as a manifestation of their Islamic eco-theological ethics. The informants responded to internal and external factors described in terms of their typology; participant, proponent, and activator. The movement has a measurable impact in terms of awareness, community establishment, cooperation with relevant institutions and supporting facilities and shows significant potential to develop further and establish itself in the region, while overcoming several challenges that slow its activism. The results of this study are expected to highlight the contributions of what so-called the Islamic eco-theology in Indonesian pesantren that participate in the current efforts to protect and preserve the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129135680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Between Sunnah Currency and Sufi Doctrine: Mediating and Negotiating the Gold Dinar and Silver Dirham on Digital Platforms by the Indonesian Murabitun 在圣训货币与苏菲主义之间:印尼Murabitun在数字平台上对金第纳尔和银迪拉姆的调解与谈判

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.232-254

Rizqa Ahmadi, Wildani Hefni, M. Nafis

{"title":"Between Sunnah Currency and Sufi Doctrine: Mediating and Negotiating the Gold Dinar and Silver Dirham on Digital Platforms by the Indonesian Murabitun","authors":"Rizqa Ahmadi, Wildani Hefni, M. Nafis","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.232-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.232-254","url":null,"abstract":"The Murabitun World Movement promotes the gold dinar and silver dirham as authentic Islamic currency tools. However, their vision of establishing an independent Islamic currency is rejected by the socio-political dynamics of the communities’ home countries. Using Talal Asad’s theory of Islam as a discursive tradition, the study investigates the local practices of the Murabitun among Indonesian Muslims, with particular attention to their cultural identity. This study relies much on online data and cyber resources. The Indonesian Murabitun actively promoted the circulation of the gold dinar and silver dirham as an Islamic currency at the Pasar Muamala (exchange market) in Madiun and Yogyakarta. The Indonesian Murabitun movement was initially established in Depok, West Java by Zaim Saidi with his creation of the Pasar Muamala. After Zaim Saidi was formally charged with violating the currency law, his movement lose much its influence. However, utilizing the dynamics of the socio-political landscape this movement has continued to be actively involved in promoting the gold dinar and silver dirham currency—as an alternative transaction tool alongside the regular currency—on digital media platforms.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122209432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spiritual Healing: A Study of Modern Sufi Reflexology Therapy in Indonesia 精神治疗:印尼现代苏菲反射疗法研究

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.209-231

M. Islamy, Yedi Purwanto, Usup Romli, Alwan Husni Ramdani

{"title":"Spiritual Healing: A Study of Modern Sufi Reflexology Therapy in Indonesia","authors":"M. Islamy, Yedi Purwanto, Usup Romli, Alwan Husni Ramdani","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.209-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.209-231","url":null,"abstract":"There have been advances achieved in modern medicine but traditional treatment methods using certain spiritual approached have become increasingly popular in many parts of the world. Certain Sufi practices, among others, is used in medical treatment to support the healing process. Based on a case study on the practice of Sufi therapy conducted by Akang Syamsudin in the Limbangan Garut area, West Java, Indonesia this article attempts to explore the conversion process and dynamics of the development of Sufi healing. Employing a qualitative approach and Miles and Huberman landscape approach, and supported with interviews, observations, and documentation the research finds that Syamsudin’s Sufi therapy method combines physical and spiritual principles. Syamsudin’s therapeutic approach is based on the following seven factors, are: 1) belief that every disease has a cure; 2) balance and moderation are directly proportional to physical health; 3) spiritual factors dominate over physical factors; 4) the importance of blood circulation; 5) the efficacy of positive suggestion; 6) belief and submission to God’s will; 7) the effectiveness of patience and consistency. The research implications open a new paradigm in the field of non-invasive treatments. This article suggests that modern medical treatment should be complemented with spiritual therapy in order to achieve more positive healing outcomes for patients.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"1081 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133588458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Tarekat and Politics in Indonesia: Contested Authority between Murshids in the Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah in East Java 印尼的Tarekat和政治:东爪哇Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah的Murshids之间的权力争夺

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.187-208

M. Zamzami, Fikri Mahzumi, Abd. A'la

{"title":"Tarekat and Politics in Indonesia: Contested Authority between Murshids in the Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah in East Java","authors":"M. Zamzami, Fikri Mahzumi, Abd. A'la","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.187-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.2.187-208","url":null,"abstract":"This article scrutinizes the dynamics between tarekat and politics in contemporary Indonesia in relation to the contested authority between murshids in the Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah (TQN) in East Java. Using a historical approach, this article analyzes the position, characteristics, and political attitudes of the murshid in Jombang and Surabaya amidst the political currents during the New Order era. This article finds that murshids show adaptation and innovation in responding to challenges in their tarekat hierarchy and political leadership in Indonesia. The political stance of the murshid is considered a rational choice. In East Java, some murshids such as KH. Musta‘in Romli, KH. Adlan Ali, and KH. Usman al-Ishaqi developed different relationships with political organizations. Kiai Musta‘in tried to be adaptive and compromising as he involved in practical politics and joining the ruling party, i.e., Golkar. Kiai Adlan, on the contrary, kept his distance from the ruling regime by joining the Islamic United Development Party (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan/PPP). Kiai Usman, on the other side, remained loyal to the tarekat spirit as he refused to be involved in politics. The difference in political attitudes among the members of TQN has been considered a reflection of the political ijtihād of the murshids. Competition for authority, which resulted in conflict and internal divisions in this tarekat, is a logical consequence of political interests when they meet the tarekat and influence its dynamics.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123597974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Political Islam to Civil Religion: The Possibilities of a Pluralistic Constitution and its Impact on Human Rights in Post-Revolutionary Iran 从政治伊斯兰到公民宗教:革命后伊朗多元宪法的可能性及其对人权的影响

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.125-144

L. Chamankhah

{"title":"From Political Islam to Civil Religion: The Possibilities of a Pluralistic Constitution and its Impact on Human Rights in Post-Revolutionary Iran","authors":"L. Chamankhah","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.125-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.125-144","url":null,"abstract":"The two categories of political religion and civil (also civic) religion, and the ways a nation can nurture the latter, have been the concern of a number of philosophers since long time ago. Relevant to this is the ideals of democracy, the separation of religion and politics and the necessity of having a secular legal covenant, which represents the political philosophy of a modern republic. Theorists of civil religion, particularly Jean-Jacques Rousseau, were concerned with the role of established religions, in modern political systems and that is why they put forward different, and at times even contrasting, theories about the compatibility of Christianity as well as the objectives of modern politics, at the center of which is the ideal of citizenship. The present paper will focus on the post-revolutionary constitution as well as the legal status of republicanism to investigate the possibilities, if any, of finding a solution to the long-lasting problematic of Islam and democracy in Iran. My hypothesis is that the current constitution is incapable of allowing for democracy, and due to its monistic nature, hinders reconciliation between Islam and democracy. Iran needs a better legal covenant, one in which the legacy of republicanism, as well as religious pluralism, is respected and endorsed.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Contribution of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya to Salafi Sufism 伊本·加伊姆·贾齐亚对萨拉菲派苏菲主义的贡献

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.71-96

Lalu Agus Satriawan

{"title":"The Contribution of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya to Salafi Sufism","authors":"Lalu Agus Satriawan","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.71-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.71-96","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explore the Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya’s original views on Sufism. Ibn Qayyim is regarded as an authority in Salafi circles who reject Sufism as a legitimate representation of Islam, especially its philosophical orientation. This article uses a literature research model to reach the finding that Ibn Qayyim understood Sufism as a moral system and part of the science of Islamic morality. Sufism aims to purify the soul to prepare it for its return to God along the path of love. The basis of Sufism as revised by Ibn Qayyim was the Qur’ān, the Sunnah, the traditions of the companions, the ideas of Ibn Taymiyya, and the teachings words of the early Sufi masters. Ibn Qayyim strongly adhered to the orthodox principles of Islamic scholarship later dubbed as Salafism, especially in terms of prioritizing the shari‘a over reason and rejecting esoteric interpretation (ta’wīl). For Ibn Qayyim, the Sufi philosophers were misled in overly relying on ta’wīl and disregarding the role of reason. His approach to Sufism was to perform an objective evaluation of the Sufi teachings circulating at his time. Instead of joining either side, the side of those who condemned it as unlawful innovation (bid‘a) or the side of those who accepted it uncritically, Ibn Qayyim chose to conduct an extensive review of its ideas and practices, rejecting those elements that he found objectionable and accepting others that he found commendable.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"75 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114130709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ibn Taymiyya's Conception of Jihad: Corpus, General Aspects, and Research Perspectives 伊本·泰米亚的圣战概念:语料库、一般方面与研究视角

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.43-70

Mehdi Berriah

{"title":"Ibn Taymiyya's Conception of Jihad: Corpus, General Aspects, and Research Perspectives","authors":"Mehdi Berriah","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.43-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.43-70","url":null,"abstract":"The question of jihad is fundamental to Ibn Taymiyya since he is one of the theologians of the Mamluk period—and probably of the entire medieval period—who wrote the most on this subject. Jihad was an essential part of the life of the famous theologian of Damascus, who took part in the Mamluk war effort as a volunteer in various expeditions. Over the last decades, scholars have been interested in the issue of jihad in Ibn Taymiyya and have highlighted several elements. These works have helped us learn more about the ideology of jihad in Ibn Taymiyya. However, it should be noted that those works focus on the jihad against a particular enemy (Mongols, heretics of the Kisrawān, Shi‘ites) in a particular context and do not deal much with Ibn Taymiyya’s general conception of jihad, for which several grey areas remain. This article will discuss Ibn Taymiyya and his general conception of jihad. My method is broken down into two steps to provide new elements and research perspectives. In the first instance, I will identify the maximum of Ibn Taymiyya’s writings and passages related to jihad, making the beginning of a type of inventory. Then I will analyze their content and cross-check them to bring to light general aspects of Ibn Taymiyya’s conception of jihad.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129248236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Agency of the Self and the Uncertain Nature of the Beloved in Persian Love Mysticism: Earthly, Ethereal, Masculine, or Feminine? 在波斯爱情神秘主义的自我代理和心爱的不确定的性质:尘世，空灵，男性，还是女性?

Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.22-42

Mahdieh Vali-Zadeh

{"title":"Agency of the Self and the Uncertain Nature of the Beloved in Persian Love Mysticism: Earthly, Ethereal, Masculine, or Feminine?","authors":"Mahdieh Vali-Zadeh","doi":"10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.22-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2022.12.1.22-42","url":null,"abstract":"It seems that the controversies over the nature of the beloved in classical Persian mystic poetry (also known as Sufi poetry) as an earthly or ethereal phenomenon would never end. Those in favor of the celestial reading of it consider their counterparts to be narrow-minded. The adherents of terrestrial love, though, see mystical readings dogmatic and outdated, prevailed by traditionalists. The topic gets even more complicated when one takes into account the attitudes in the medieval Muslim world toward pederasty, shāhid-bāzī, on the one hand, and the Divine Feminine /Masculine Beloved, on the other hand, and, thus, the gender of this beloved. The present article explores the beloved in Persian classical mystical poetry via five different but related approaches: historical, philosophical, translational and comparative, linguistic and poetic, and, ultimately, developmental. The study concludes that an essentialist reading of the beloved in Persian love mystic poetry would create numerous problems, and that the spirit of Persian classical poetry in this regard is the spirit of uncertainty with a certain purpose: it is the manifestation of the self-poet’s agency, choosing one’s object of desire without explicitly revealing it and, thus, living one’s own life of choice without fearing the threads of religious fundamentalism.","PeriodicalId":174700,"journal":{"name":"Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0