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Toward a "New Humanism"? Time and Emotion in UNESCO's Science of World-Making, 1947–1951 走向“新人文主义”?联合国教科文组织世界创造科学中的时间与情感，1947-1951
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0045
K. Myers, A. Sriprakash, Peter Sutoris
{"title":"Toward a \"New Humanism\"? Time and Emotion in UNESCO's Science of World-Making, 1947–1951","authors":"K. Myers, A. Sriprakash, Peter Sutoris","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines how the newly formed United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) aimed to construct a programme of social science research that would dispense with determinist theories of racial evolution and promote a new humanism for a postwar world. As scholars and politicians debated the shape of a new world order, they turned toward apparently universal categories of time and emotion to explain both individual behaviors and collective cultures. However, the only time that counted was developmental and the only emotions that mattered were those that could be managed and utilized. This article shows how UNESCO's search for a new humanism remained constrained by racialized discourses that closed down the emancipatory potential of reckoning with the past in the present. The possibilities for open futures, generated by anticolonial politics and by new institutions of knowledge production, would remain marginalized by the teleology that underpinned UNESCO-sponsored social science.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"685 - 715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Implications of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic (1918–1920) for the History of Early Twentieth-Century Egypt 西班牙流感大流行（1918–1920）对二十世纪初埃及历史的影响
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0044
C. Rose
{"title":"Implications of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic (1918–1920) for the History of Early Twentieth-Century Egypt","authors":"C. Rose","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The \"Spanish influenza\" pandemic that struck Egypt in fall 1918 resulted in the death of eleven out of every one thousand people. Despite the mass suffering caused by the pandemic, it has been largely ignored by historians. I describe how the Egyptian public health service was unprepared for a major health crisis because resources were redirected to serve military needs. Rural and poor Egyptians were particularly vulnerable as war food policies failed to meet their stated goal of ensuring a consistent and affordable supply of commodities; by summer 1918 conditions had deteriorated to the point that food riots and wheat famines were reported throughout the country. I conclude by raising questions about the impact that the pandemic had on the political situation in Egypt, arguing that the government's inability to manage the crisis contributed to pressures underlying the 1919 nationalist uprising.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"655 - 684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45219345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
"Almost as it is Formulated in the So-Called 'Homestead Act'": Images of the American West in French Settlement of French Algeria “几乎就像所谓的‘宅地法’中所规定的那样”：法国对法属阿尔及利亚的定居中的美国西部形象
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0042
T. Roberts
{"title":"\"Almost as it is Formulated in the So-Called 'Homestead Act'\": Images of the American West in French Settlement of French Algeria","authors":"T. Roberts","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Nineteenth-century American expansion has been shown as a type of Anglo-American \"settler revolution,\" but the United States was also connected with France in France's ideas for the imperial development of Algeria. The two countries alike were ambitious empires, their leaders committed to expansion as a means of political and economic regeneration. More than this, the French empire \"borrowed\" images from its republican cousin to help incorporate Algeria. Writers during the July Monarchy saw American Indians' decline as a forerunner to white settlement's consequences in North Africa, although they rationalized how Algerians might be treated more benevolently. Napoléon III vowed to prevent an American analogue by setting aside Arab tribal land. Liberal reformers during the early Third Republic, however, called for assimilation of Algerians through land privatization, hailing the U.S. Homestead Act for how it could facilitate egalitarian, private land ownership, and thus help establish what Michel Chevalier had earlier imagined as the French \"West.\"","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"601 - 629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tracheal intubation through SADs: Still blind when the ray of light available! 通过 SAD 进行气管插管：有一线光明时，仍是盲人！
IF 1.5 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_561_20
Rakesh Garg, Pratishtha Yadav
{"title":"Tracheal intubation through SADs: Still blind when the ray of light available!","authors":"Rakesh Garg, Pratishtha Yadav","doi":"10.4103/joacp.JOACP_561_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joacp.JOACP_561_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"18 1","pages":"639-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88727020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Excreta: Hazardous Waste or Valuable Resource? Shifting Views of Modernity 人类排泄物：危险废物还是宝贵资源？现代性观念的转变
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0035
Iris Borowy
{"title":"Human Excreta: Hazardous Waste or Valuable Resource? Shifting Views of Modernity","authors":"Iris Borowy","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the late nineteenth century, a water-carried system of flush toilets and sewage pipes came to be regarded as \"modern\" and \"Western\" and became part of the package of transformations conceived as \"development,\" which international organizations endorsed after 1945.However, in promoting sanitation, the World Health Organization and other organizations faced contradictory demands: protecting populations from fecalborne diseases, providing affordable and culturally acceptable forms of excrement disposal, maintaining valuable fertilizer for agricultural use, and establishing sustainable structures and methods were difficult to reconcile. Over time, as officers from different organizations grappled with question of advantages and disadvantages of solutions for different regions, it became increasingly doubtful whether the flush toilet/water-carried disposal could be the model for the entire world, andwhether it even should.Gradually, as scientific information and public attitudes changed, international recommendations shifted from viewing excreta reuse as a temporarily necessary evil to—partially—embracing it as an ecologically desirable long-term development goal.The importance of modernity as a principal driver of sanitation reform remained intact, but the concept ofwhat constitutedmodernity changed from one whose main criteria was efficient hazard removal to one geared toward comprehensive health protection and resource conservation.Over several decades, international organizations acted as catalysts for the conceptual developments regarding human waste disposal and the ideological underpinnings they stood for.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"517 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indian Migration and Empire: A Colonial Genealogy of the Modern State by Radhika Mongia, and: Singapore, Chinese Migration and the Making of the British Empire, 1819–67 Stan Neal (review) 《印度移民与帝国：现代国家的殖民家谱》，拉迪卡·蒙吉著，《新加坡，中国移民与大英帝国的建立》，1819–67斯坦·尼尔（评论）
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0038
Jamie Banks
{"title":"Indian Migration and Empire: A Colonial Genealogy of the Modern State by Radhika Mongia, and: Singapore, Chinese Migration and the Making of the British Empire, 1819–67 Stan Neal (review)","authors":"Jamie Banks","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0038","url":null,"abstract":"weaved these traditions together, he also classified marvels of the natural world (p. 243). In Lost Maps of the Caliphs, Rapoport and Savage-Smith successfully reintroduce the Book of Curiosities to the history of Medieval cartographic knowledge and bring the Fatimid caliphate to the forefront of Islamic studies. In doing so, they investigate how cartographic knowledge had been adapted and transmitted from “the pre-Islamic Greek and Syriac speaking Middle East” to the eleventh century Muslim world (p. 100). Thorough descriptions and comprehensive historical and geographical analysis of maps and diagrams of the manuscript are accompanied with their colored as well as black and white reproductions. This combination allows the readers to visualize how the eleventh-century sailors navigated, imagined, and depicted the world around them before the compass. Beyond its significance for the history of cartographic knowledge, the Book of Curiosities, as Rapoport and Savage-Smith reminds us, is an indispensable source for the history of global communications. It contains a wealth of information and maps concerning navigation and communication in the East of the Mediterranean as well as East Asia and East Africa. The extend of Fatimid knowledge on the Byzantine coasts reveals the close contacts between the Muslim and Christian empires of the Mediterranean. Simultaneously, the maps of the East Africa and the trade route between India and China attest to the Fatimid aspirations to become a global maritime power.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"552 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Middle Zone: The 1964 UN Conference on Trade and Development and the Australian Response 中间地带：1964年联合国贸易和发展会议与澳大利亚的反应
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0033
Nicholas Ferns
{"title":"The Middle Zone: The 1964 UN Conference on Trade and Development and the Australian Response","authors":"Nicholas Ferns","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), held in 1964, is often regarded as a pivotal moment in the history of relations between Global North and Global South. Yet there were a handful of countries at UNCTAD that sought to present themselves as not fitting into this system. These countries included Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Using Australia as a case study, this paper will demonstrate that the dominant dichotomy oversimplifies the developmental arguments that were presented at UNCTAD. Australia's policy at the Conference, which was generally referred to as the \"Middle Zone,\" revolved around presenting Australia as being neither a \"developed\" nor \"developing\" country. By examining the Australian arguments, a more nuanced understanding of North-South relations is possible. Ultimately, the Australian case study provides a new way of understanding the significance of UNCTAD in the history of international development.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"465 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Children in the Development Debate: The Role of UNICEF from 1947 to the First UN Development Decade 《儿童在发展辩论中的作用:从1947年到第一个联合国发展十年》
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0031
A. Villani
{"title":"Children in the Development Debate: The Role of UNICEF from 1947 to the First UN Development Decade","authors":"A. Villani","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper aims at analyzing the UNICEF contribution to the development debate, from the origin of UNICEF after the Second World War to the First UN Development Decade. Starting from the legacies of the interwar period, it will consider the UNICEF contribution to Europe and Asia in the period of reconstruction, then analyze the shift it experienced in its focus on developing countries from the 1950s and throughout the 1960s. The final part of the paper will be devoted to the case of Italy, the second largest recipient country of UNICEF aid in Europe, as a test case of UNICEF's action to spread a new vision of child welfare in Europe and, later, as a feasible experience to be used in the developing world.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"405 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socialist Internationalism, World Capitalism, and the Global South: Soviet Foreign Economic Policy and India in Times of Cold War and Decolonization, 1950s–1960s 社会主义国际主义、世界资本主义和全球南方:冷战和非殖民化时期的苏联对外经济政策和印度，1950 - 1960
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0032
A. Hilger
{"title":"Socialist Internationalism, World Capitalism, and the Global South: Soviet Foreign Economic Policy and India in Times of Cold War and Decolonization, 1950s–1960s","authors":"A. Hilger","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper discusses Indo-Soviet economic relations as one aspect of international relations between the empire Soviet Union and the nation-state India. The discussion goes beyond classic Cold War interpretations. The paper analyzes complex interrelations and contradictions of Cold War, Decolonization, and global economic conditions. The analysis shows that Soviet expectations tended to overlook socialist-capitalist interdependencies as well as the decisive influence of Indian aims and activities. Nehru's so-called socialistic pattern of society did not replicate the Soviet model. Moscow expected the economic cooperation to propel socialist developments in India. At the same time, it should provide the socialist world with necessary support for its competition with the West. These different aims and motivations led to lasting contradictions and incompatibilities in economic relations. The paper focuses on central characteristics of Soviet approaches. It reconstructs main fields and practices of Indo-Soviet economic cooperation, analyses inherent contradictions, and discusses results and implications.","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"439 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lost Maps of the Caliphs: Drawing the World in Eleventh-Century Cairo by Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith (review) Yossef Rapport和Emilie Savage Smith的《失落的哈里发地图：绘制11世纪开罗的世界》（综述）
IF 0.9 2区 历史学
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2021.0037
Pınar Emiralioğlu
{"title":"Lost Maps of the Caliphs: Drawing the World in Eleventh-Century Cairo by Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith (review)","authors":"Pınar Emiralioğlu","doi":"10.1353/jwh.2021.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2021.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of World History","volume":"32 1","pages":"550 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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