Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Current knowledge of intermittent photic stimulation for electroencephalography in dogs.","authors":"Robert John Shwarzman, Marnie Ford, Alex M K Chan, Luis Gaitero, Fiona M K James","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag217","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermittent photic stimulation is a standardized activation procedure for electroencephalography in humans that increases the detection of epileptic activity and improves diagnostic yield. However, its application in veterinary medicine remains inconsistent and methodologically heterogeneous. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge regarding intermittent photic stimulation in dogs, critically evaluates variability in stimulus design, vigilance state, and electrode montage, and proposes a framework to support standardization in veterinary practice. Published veterinary studies demonstrate that photic stimulation can provoke generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave discharges in selected epilepsy syndromes of dogs, particularly during awake recordings. However, protocols vary substantially in frequency range, light intensity, eye state control, flash duration, vigilance state, and lamp distance. Sedation and general anesthesia appear to attenuate retinal and thalamocortical responsiveness, decreasing the likelihood of eliciting photoparoxysmal responses. In addition, sparse and inconsistent electrode arrays limit spatial interpretation of photic responses and hinder cross-study comparisons. Drawing on established methodology used in humans and emerging veterinary data, this review outlines practical recommendations for standardized awake testing, defined stimulus parameters, and improved spatial sampling. Harmonized protocols may enhance diagnostic sensitivity, facilitate identification of photosensitive epilepsy syndromes in dogs, and strengthen translational alignment between epileptology in humans and animals. Standardization of intermittent photic stimulation represents an opportunity to improve the clinical utility and reproducibility of electroencephalography in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citation clarification regarding feline eltrombopag in the \"ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats\".","authors":"Jihun Kim, Dongmi Kwak","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag213","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global longitudinal strain assessment of systolic dysfunction in Doberman Pinschers with ventricular arrhythmias and normal echocardiographic measurements.","authors":"Katharina Hofmeister, Jana Friederich, Jessica Schöbel, Sabine Hertzsch, Jenny Eberhard, Robin Schüttpelz, Gerhard Wess","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Doberman Pinschers (DPs) often initially manifests as ventricular arrhythmias (stage B1) without echocardiographic evidence of cardiac remodeling (stage B2). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive echocardiographic variable for detecting early systolic dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To assess whether GLS detects systolic dysfunction in DPs with arrhythmogenic stage B1 and to evaluate the association between arrhythmic burden and GLS.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Sixty-three DPs with arrhythmogenic stage B1 DCM and 63 control DPs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case-control study. Stage B1 was defined as ≥300 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) within 24 h or >50 VPCs on two 24-h Holter recordings within 1 year, with otherwise normal echocardiographic measurements. Forty-three dogs had \"last-normal\" (LN) examinations 6-12 months before arrhythmia onset. GLS was measured using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) from left apical 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views. Stage B1 dogs were subclassified into low-grade (LGvpc) and high-grade (HGvpc) groups based on arrhythmic burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLS was lower in stage B1 dogs (mean ± SD, -16.80% ± 2.71%) compared to controls (-20.22% ± 1.90%; P = .044). Stage B1 dogs had lower GLS compared to their LN examinations (mean difference, -2.45%; 95% CI, -3.67% to -1.24%; P < .001). Dogs in the HGvpc group had lower GLS (-15.45% ± 2.79%) than LGvpc dogs (-18.39% ± 1.51%; mean difference, -2.94%; 95% CI, -4.28% to -1.60%; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLS detects systolic dysfunction in DPs with arrhythmogenic stage B1 DCM despite normal conventional echocardiographic measurements. Higher arrhythmic burden is associated with more severe systolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of antibiotic use in dogs and cats in US and Canadian veterinary teaching hospitals, 2022.","authors":"Hayley Clark, Emma R Bollig, Amanda L Beaudoin, Claire L Fellman, Marion Allano, Genna F Atiee, Shauna L Blois, April E Blong, Wilson Cooper Brookshire, Brandy A Burgess, Andrew J Cohen, Leah A Cohn, Stephen D Cole, Allison J Collier, Kaitlin M Curran, Paul DeMars, Madeline Droog, Jethro M Forbes, Dionne Fox, Erin Frey, Alexandria Gochenauer, Lynn Guptill, Ashley N Hartley, Andrea N Johnston, Christy A King, Kate KuKanich, Tessa E LeCuyer, Jo-Annie Letendre, Julie Menard, Kelley Meyers, Lisa Paul, Andrea V Perkins, Laurel Redding, Domenico Santoro, Madeleine R Stein, Jane E Sykes, Susan Venn Carr, Katrina Viviano, Joshua B Daniels, Jennifer L Granick","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag240","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of current antimicrobial prescribing practices can inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Our primary objective was to describe current antibiotic prescribing practice in veterinary schools.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Medical records from 1800 animals (1403 dogs, 397 cats) at 31 US and Canadian veterinary schools were included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitals collected data from medical records of animals evaluated on a single date in August 2022. Data included patient signalment, hospitalization status, clinical condition(s), diagnostic testing, antibiotics prescribed, route of administration, evidence of infection, and intended use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 30.4% (95% CI, 28.3%-32.6%) of animals (32.0% of dogs, 24.9% of cats) were prescribed an antibiotic. The most common conditions for which antibiotics were prescribed were surgical (27.3%, 191/699), urinary (11.9%, 83/699), and respiratory (11.6%, 81/699). The most prescribed classes of antibiotics included aminopenicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors, first-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. First-line antibiotics were not prescribed for sporadic bacterial cystitis. For all prescriptions intended for the treatment of infection, the median duration was 10 days, whereas for those intended for prophylaxis, the median duration was 7 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary schools include guidance for use of fluoroquinolones, decreased usage of antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis, and prioritization of first-line antibiotics for sporadic bacterial cystitis. Tracking of antibiotic use data is important to benchmark prescribing and track progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous ureteral bypass explantation in 21 cats (2015-2023): outcomes and owner perceptions.","authors":"Sophie E Broughton, Anna Frykfors von Hekkel, Matteo Rossanese, Lynda Rutherford, Rebecca F Geddes, Jack S Lawson","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag197","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) can be an effective treatment for ureteral obstruction in cats, but SUB explantation is little documented.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Describe reasons for SUB explantation, outcomes, and owner experiences. We hypothesized that explantation would be effective in managing common SUB-related complications.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twenty-one cats (31 SUBs) that underwent 29 explantations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case-series of cats undergoing explantation between 2015 and 2023 with medical record review and 20 owners emailed for follow-up. Results are median (range).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Explantation was performed 1.8 years (0.2-4.1 years) after placement because of positive urine culture (PUC; 15/21), SUB obstruction (8/21), sterile cystitis (4/21), and suspected SUB failure (2/21). Twenty-six out of 31 ureters had documented patency. Seventeen cats had all implants removed (9 unilateral, 8 bilateral). Two underwent unilateral explantation and ipsilateral ureteronephrectomy. Two with bilateral SUBs underwent unilateral explantation. Follow-up after explantation was 596 days (3-2310 days). Four cats had ureteral re-obstruction (1 after partial obstruction at explantation), 10 did not re-obstruct and the remainder were undetermined. Seven cats died at 614 days (405-2200 days), 11 were lost to follow-up at 135 days (19-1774 days) after explantation, and 3 remained alive. Four deaths were renal related (2/4 re-obstructions). Nine of 15 cats explanted due to PUC had a negative postoperative urine culture. Three of 15 cats had clinical signs related to PUC postoperatively. Questionnaire response was 9 of 20, and 8 of 9 owners would consider explantation if in the same situation again.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>For SUB cats with complications, explantation is a viable option. A small proportion of cats had clinical signs of PUC, or ureteral re-obstruction postoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of low dose azithromycin on the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acids in healthy dogs.","authors":"Colin Smith, Roman Husnik, Frederic Gaschen, Claudia Kirk, Xiaojuan Zhu, Jan Suchodolski","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag220","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Azithromycin has prokinetic effects at low doses in people, cats, and anecdotally, in dogs; however, antibiotics alter the fecal microbiome and metabolome.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To prospectively evaluate the effects of low-dose azithromycin, hypothesizing that it would alter the fecal microbiome and fecal bile acids in healthy dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eleven healthy research dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective study. Dogs received azithromycin (2 mg/kg PO q8h) for 8 days. Fecal samples were collected before (day 1), during (day 6), and after azithromycin administration (days 11, 26, 36, 45). Fecal consistency was assessed daily. Microbiome analysis included qPCR quantification of 16 core bacterial taxa and the Dysbiosis Index. Fecal concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated bile acids (UBAs) were measured on days 1, 11, and 45.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal scores increased during azithromycin administration (P = .009). Abundance of 7 of 16 taxa decreased significantly on day 6, including Peptacetobacter hiranonis (P. hiranonis; P < .001), Faecalibacterium (P < .001), and Fusobacterium (P = .031). Abundance of Streptococcus significantly decreased on day 11 (P = .003). Percentage of primary UBAs increased (P = .017; median, 94.06%; range, 0.73%-96.08%), returned to baseline by day 45, and negatively correlated with abundance of P. hiranonis (r = -0.936 [95% CI, -0.973, -0.852], P < .001). Abundance of 8 of 9 significantly altered taxa recovered, with abundance of Streptococcus remaining decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Low-dose azithromycin induces a mostly reversible dysbiosis and reversible decrease in secondary fecal UBAs. Atypical decreases in Streptococcus abundance can also occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13616115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic features of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Dachshund dogs: 62 cases (2017-2025).","authors":"Bethany Boyd, Giulia Corsini, Dakir Polidoro, Sofie F M Bhatti, Nicholas Grapes, Diego Alza, Luca Motta, Sara Formoso, Steven De Decker, Simon Bertram, Samantha Gilbert, Athina Karpozilou, Despoina Douralidou, Koen Santifort, João Miguel De Frias, Jos Bongers, Adriana Kaczmarska, Theofanis Liatis","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag195","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paroxysmal dyskinesia (PxD) has not been characterized in Dachshunds.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Describe the phenotype, treatment, and outcome of PxD in Dachshunds.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Sixty-two Dachshunds with presumptive PxD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational, retrospective, multicenter study of dogs diagnosed with PxD between 2017 and 2025, with prospective information using an owner questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at presentation was 3.2 years (range, 1-11 years). Episodes were characterized by shifting (55/62; 88.7%), single (4/62; 6.5%) limb or cervical dystonia (28/62; 45.2%), tremors (25/62; 40.3%), dystonic head tremors (15/62; 35.5%), truncal sway (20/62, 32.3%), kyphosis (17/62; 27.4%), and ataxia (15/62, 24.2%) or head sway (12/62, 19.4%). Shifting limb dystonia was exhibited in all (19/55; 34.5%), pelvic (7/55; 12.7%), or thoracic (1/55; 1.8 %) limbs. Ptyalism (25/62; 40.3%), vomiting (23/62; 37.1%), or lip smacking (25/62; 40.3%) were common. All dogs were diagnosed with presumptive idiopathic paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia. Most common treatments were gluten-free diet (42/62; 67.7%), levetiracetam (9/62; 14.5%), phenobarbital (5/62; 8.1%), or no treatment (18/62; 29%). Follow-up was available for 49 of 62 (79%) dogs with a median follow-up of 543 days (range, 5-2903 days). Twenty-six of 49 (53%) dogs had a decrease, 19 of 49 (38.8%) had no change and 4 of 49 (8.2%) had an increase in the frequency or intensity of episodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Paroxysmal dyskinesia occurs in young Dachshunds. Shifting limb dystonia is a common feature, and it can affect the pelvic limbs exclusively, mimicking spinal cord disease. Most dogs experienced a decrease in numbers of events regardless of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of ertugliflozin on serum insulin and glucose in healthy horses receiving dexamethasone.","authors":"Florence Dupuis-Dowd, Philip H Kass, Emily H Berryhill","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) can be used to manage insulin dysregulation (ID). Their effect on corticosteroid-induced ID is unknown.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Evaluate effects of ertugliflozin on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in horses receiving dexamethasone (DEX). We hypothesized that DEX would induce ID and ertugliflozin coadministration would mitigate that effect.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Seven healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized crossover design; horses received DEX (0.06 mg/kg IV q48h; DEX)or ertugliflozin (0.05 mg/kg PO q24h) plus DEX (SGLT-2i group) for seven days. Oral sugar (OST) and insulin tolerance (ITT) tests were performed before and after treatment. Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured during treatment. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean daily insulin concentrations were lower in the SGLT-2i compared with the DEX group (P < .001), with a block effect-mean insulin (95% CI) μIU/mL: Block 1 DEX 50.6 (42.1-59.1) and SGLT-2i 35.9 (28.1-43.7); Block 2 DEX 34.5 (27.8-41.3) and SGLT-2i 18.9 (16.5-21.4). Glucose was lower in the SGLT-2i group on days 3 and 5 (P < .001)-mean glucose (95% CI) mg/dL: Day 3 DEX 117.3 (110.4-124.3) and SGLT-2i 101.0 (95.7-106.4); Day 5 DEX 116.6 (107.9-125.3) and SGLT-2i 101.0 (95.5-106.4). Post-treatment OST insulinT60 was higher in both groups (P = .01). Glucose concentrations decreased less during the ITT post-treatment in the SGLT-2i group compared with DEX (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Ertugliflozin lowered mean daily serum insulin concentrations in horses receiving DEX. Dynamic tests after drug discontinuation did not indicate ID improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial dysfunction associated with low-dose endotoxin administration in adult horses.","authors":"Elizabeth Williams Louie, Marta Cercone, Barbara Delvescovo, Jacqueline Chevalier, Katharyn Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag205","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horses with endotoxemia have variable myocardial function, but little is known about the severity or persistence of myocardial dysfunction (MD).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia have systolic and diastolic MD.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twelve systemically healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Horses were given Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 30 ng/kg over 60 min. Echocardiography and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurements were performed at baseline, 1, 3, and 5 h post-endotoxin. Fluid therapy (10 L), polymyxin B (6000 IU/kg), and flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously, and then echocardiogram and cTnI measurements were performed (post-treatment). Results were compared using linear mixed models and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at P < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All horses showed signs of MD. A significant increase in heart rate from baseline was noted at all timepoints (P < .001). No significant increase in cTnI occurred at any timepoint. Ejection fraction decreased from baseline at 3 and 5 h (mean, 72%, 62%, and 65%, respectively; P < .001 at both timepoints). Using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), the index of myocardial performance increased at 1, 3, and 5 h (mean, 0.40, 0.55, 0.66, 0.55; P < .01 at all timepoints). Using two-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST), the magnitude of global longitudinal strain was decreased from baseline at 3, 5 h, and post-treatment (mean, -21%, -16%, -17%, and -19%; P < .0001, .0001, and .04, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Systolic and diastolic MD are evident in the absence of increased cTnI. Advanced echocardiographic modalities such as TDI and 2DST improve diagnostic capability for identifying regional abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palatability assessment of a commercial wet renal diet in healthy cats: an open-label in-home exploratory trial.","authors":"Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães, Ronald Jan Corbee, Felisbina Luísa Queiroga, Ana Luísa Lourenço","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag234","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wet renal diets are considered the best option for managing cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their palatability is a recurrent concern.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Assess the palatability of a commercial wet diet formulated for early-stage CKD in cats.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Forty-two healthy cats privately owned by 31 caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An open-label in-home feeding trial was conducted over three 6-day phases, during which cats were offered the wet renal diet (Phase 1), their usual wet diet (Phase 2), and both diets simultaneously (Phase 3). Time from diet presentation to eating (latency time), food intake, and feeding-related behaviors were recorded by caregivers. Analyses included descriptive statistics and mixed-effects regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers classified renal diet acceptance as positive for 69.0% (n = 29) of cats, negative for 23.8% (n = 10), and neutral for 7.1% (n = 3). Overall, cats were significantly more likely (P < .001) to be recorded in a higher diet intake category in Phase 2 than in Phase 1, whereas latency time did not differ significantly (P = .07). Based on recorded intake during Phase 3, neither diet was significantly preferred (P = .34), although caregivers perceived a preference for the usual diet in 47.6% (n = 20) of cats and for the renal diet in 45.2% (n = 19). If prescribed, caregivers would offer this therapeutic diet to 78.6% (n = 33) of cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>In this short-term feeding trial, most healthy cats accepted the renal diet formulated for early-stage CKD with no apparent palatability concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}