Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Innovative hybrid nanocomposites of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 reinforced with sepiolite and graphene nanoplatelets","authors":"Zahid Iqbal Khan, Unsia Habib, Zurina Binti Mohamad, Arbab Tufail, Abdulwasiu Muhammed Raji, Asmat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1177/08927057241264457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241264457","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into the novel development of hybrid nanocomposites using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET)/polyamide (PA11) with sepiolite, enhanced by the integration of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP). Five different formulations were produced using co-rotating twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding techniques. The optimal blend, which includes equal amounts of sepiolite and graphene nanoplatelets (phr, 1 part per hundred resin each), exhibited a tensile strength of 54.5 MPa, representing an increase in tensile strength by 46.5% and an increase in percent strain by 59% as the GNP content increased from 0.2 to 1 phr, replacing sepiolite. Young’s modulus of hybrid nanocomposites varied between 1020 and 1285 MPa, indicating a significant enhancement. Flexural strength in the best-performing hybrid nanocomposite containing 1 phr of sepiolite and 1 phr of GNP (HNC-G1.0) increased by 61.65% to 76.46 MPa from 47.3 MPa (HNC-G0.0). In contrast, its flexural modulus reached 2668 MPa from HNC-G0.0 (1730 MPa), demonstrating substantial improvements. The impact strength also showed a notable 83% rise from HNC-G0.0 (252.97 J/m) to 463.18 J/m (HNC-G1.0). Despite these mechanical enhancements, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. At the same time, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed that the melting temperature remained stable, ensuring consistent processing conditions. This innovative research paves the way for advanced applications of rPET, particularly in the automotive industry. It marks a significant advancement in polymer science, promoting sustainable solutions and high-performance hybrid nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ interlaminar shear behavior of carbon fibers reinforced polymer composites exposed to severe thermal aggressions: PPS versus epoxy laminates","authors":"B. Vieille, A. Coppalle","doi":"10.1177/08927057241256941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241256941","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of a combined thermal heat flux and a flexural loading on the interlaminar shear behavior of quasi-isotropic carbon fibers reinforced PPS and Epoxy laminates. Regardless the intensity of the heat flux (ranging from 20 to 50 kW/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), the maximum surface temperature is higher than the onset of thermal decomposition [Formula: see text] in C/Epoxy laminates ([Formula: see text]) whereas the thermal decomposition is reached only for 40-50 kW/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> heat fluxes in C/PPS laminates ([Formula: see text]). A mechanical bench was specifically designed to study the interlaminar shear behavior of polymer-based laminates during the thermal aggression (imposed by a cone calorimeter). In C/PPS laminates, with respect to the reference values (as received state), the flexural modulus and the apparent ILSS (under 50 kW/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) decreases by about 80%. In C/Epoxy laminates, with respect to the reference values (as received or virgin state), the flexural modulus and the apparent ILSS (under 50 kW/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) decreases by about 20% and 50%, respectively. In carbon fiber-reinforced polymer materials, the matrix state is crucial for preserving the cohesion of the fibers network and the bonding of the plies together, a role that seems compromised in C/Epoxy and C/PPS laminates under high heat flux conditions, once the pyrolysis of the matrix has severely degraded the interlaminar properties of the material.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"21 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of 3D printed polylactic acid and polylactic acid – hydroxyapatite composite through material extrusion technique for biomedical application","authors":"Vijayvignesh Namasivayam Sukumaar, Siddharthan Arjunan, Lakshmi Narayanan Pandiaraj, Arunagiri Narayanan","doi":"10.1177/08927057241255883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241255883","url":null,"abstract":"In biomedical industries, composite additive manufacturing are employed for customization, quicker production, efficient use and capital reduction. This experimental work focuses on the development of poly lactic acid (PLA) and novel extruded hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced poly lactic acid (HPLA) by material extrusion (ME) technique and their properties were compared with that of standard 3D printed PLA. The extruded composite filaments were subjected to thermal characterization (DSC, TGA) and chemical characterization (FTIR) to ensure filament quality and its implementation in ME technique for 3D printing process. In addition, the melt compounded composite filaments were subjected to annealing to observe the influence of heat treatment upon their mechanical properties and thereby to validate their potential to resist breakage during ME process. Taguchi orthogonal array method using MiniTab software is employed to execute the parameter optimization for the 3D printing process. The 3D printed tensile, flexural and impact specimens, using pure PLA and extruded composite filaments, as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards were subjected to a comparative experimental study which showed that 3D printed specimens using PLA and HPLA performed better than that of standard PLA specimens due to the improvement in their crystalline nature. The ruptured specimens were subjected to microstructural characterization (optical microscopy, SEM) to observe failure modes and ash content test was conducted to validate the homogenous distribution HA filler particles in PLA matrix. In addition, mechanical characterization was also performed on 3D printed bone plate/bone scaffold application using extruded filaments of PLA and HPLA, as per ASTM F543 standards, to validate incorporation of the composite filaments in real-time application in biomedical industry.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of warpage in thin CF/PEKK composite laminates consolidated under non-isothermal conditions","authors":"Mariam A Al-Dhaheri, Muhammad S Irfan, Wesley J Cantwell, Imad Barsoum, Rehan Umer","doi":"10.1177/08927057241256936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241256936","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the effect of several processing conditions on warpage in carbon-fibre/PEKK composites manufactured under non-isothermal conditions. A multi-level factorial design of experiments was employed to study the effect of process and design parameters on warpage. Analysis-of-variance was used to establish the significance of the main factors as contributors to warpage. The number of plies and consolidation pressure were the factors that contributed significantly to warpage. A regression model was used to predict the warpage of panels consolidated using aluminium tooling, giving a reasonably good prediction of less than 18% difference. A panel with variable thickness was also manufactured, based on the prior observations, pressure and lay-up configurations were successfully altered to reduce warpage. DSC results showed that the warpage of semi-crystalline PEKK composites consolidated under non-isothermal conditions is a result of a differential in shrinkage across the laminate, as the degree of crystallinity varied with temperature and consolidation pressure.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141146306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, linear/non-linear optical, and optoelectrical properties of PVB/Bi2WO6 nanocomposite for industrial applications","authors":"Mohammed O. Alziyadi, Asma Alkabsh, Basmat Amal M. Said, Mustafa S. Shalaby","doi":"10.1177/08927057241254985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241254985","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposite films composed of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and B<jats:sub>i2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> were produced through solution casting. The goal of this investigation was to examine the effects of different Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> concentrations (0%, 2%, and 4% wt.) on the linear/non-linear optical and optoelectrical properties, as well as the structure and dispersion of films of PVB/Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> nanocomposite. The direct band gap Eg<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> value falls from 5.1 eV to 3.83 eV with the progressive increase in Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> content from 0% to 4% wt., while indirect band gap Eg<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> decreased from 4.1 eV to 2.89 eV. Conversely, the PVB + 4% Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> nanocomposite increased Urbach’s energy (E<jats:sub>U</jats:sub>) from 1.00 eV for pure PVB to 1.97 eV. Moreover, our research has documented the impact of different concentrations of Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> on a range of optical properties, including the refractive index ( n), extinction coefficient ( k), and other pertinent parameters. Utilizing the real and imaginary components of the dielectric constants ε<jats:sub>r</jats:sub> and ε<jats:sub>i</jats:sub>, an investigation was carried out into the dielectrics’ behavior and the optoelectrical parameters’ calculation. Furthermore, investigations were performed on the linear optical susceptibility, the non-linear refractive index, and the third-order non-linear optical susceptibility concerning the concentrations of Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>. In addition, the results indicated that varying Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> concentrations substantially affect the oscillator strength, average oscillator wavelength, and optical conductivity. The nanocomposite films of PVB/Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>WO<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> concentrations exhibited favorable associations between their optoelectrical and non-linear/linear optical parameters, rendering them viable candidates for implementation in flexible electronic devices and radiation shielding.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141061903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of fly ash reinforced wood polypropylene composites","authors":"Memiş Akkuş","doi":"10.1177/08927057241254752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241254752","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, fly ash, which is released as waste from thermal power plants and has negative effects on the environment, was evaluated as a filler in wood-plastic composite materials (WPC). For this purpose, inorganic fly ash from thermal power plants was mixed with polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic polymer at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by extrusion method instead of wood flour used in wood plastic composite materials. Maleic anhydride-treated polypropylene (MAPP) was used to strengthen the bonding during WPC production. The material mixed in extrusion was passed through a crusher and turned into pellets. Test samples were prepared using injection molding of pelletized WPC material. Density, thickness swelling, water absorption, modulus of rupture, impact strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, tensile strength, janka hardness, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed on the prepared test samples. The results indicated that as the amount of fly ash used in the wood-plastic composite material increases, the density increases but the thermal degradation temperature of the material, water uptake, the swelling ratio to its thickness, tensile strength, impact strength, janka hardness, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity decrease.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations of temperature-sensitive shape memory polymer composites for 4D printing","authors":"Garima Dixit, Pulak Mohan Pandey","doi":"10.1177/08927057241254322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241254322","url":null,"abstract":"Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and their composites (SMPCs) have emerged as popular materials in a variety of industries due to their unique properties of shape-changing behavior in response to external stimuli. The inclusion of reinforcement may modify the SMPs to enhance their thermal and shape memory properties. Different types of bio ceramics have already been used to alter the thermal and shape memory behavior of SMPs. However, using bioactive glass (BG) as filler to modify these properties has not yet been explored. Despite the significant advantages that shape-memory polymers (SMPs) offer when combined with 3D/4D printing technology, their potential in 3D printing has been explored only to a limited extent. This work created a solvent-based 4D-printed temperature-sensitive shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) system using polylactic acid (PLA) and bioactive glass (BG). The influence of BG on the thermal as well as shape-memory capabilities of composites was further examined. An increase in the degree of crystallinity and viscoelastic characteristics of PLA/BG composites led to improved shape memory properties, like shape fixity and shape recovery. These findings suggest the potential for using the developed SMPC printed through 4D printing technology, to develop complex shapes for self-foldable structures and smart biomedical devices in the future.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of cellulose nanofibrils on the strengthening and toughening of neat and blended polylactide specimens; and the differences after 3D-printing","authors":"Burcu Sarı, Cevdet Kaynak","doi":"10.1177/08927057241241499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241241499","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study was to use “green materials” approach by investigating effects of only 1 wt% Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF) on the strengthening and toughening of neat and blended polylactide (PLA) biopolymer matrix. For this purpose, first of all effects of CNF were investigated in PLA/CNF biocomposite specimens. After blending of PLA with 10 phr bio-based thermoplastic polyester (b-TPE) elastomer, effects of CNF were investigated also for this PLA/b-TPE/CNF ternary biocomposite specimens. Mechanical tests revealed that due to the efficient strengthening and toughening mechanisms, CNF increased flexural strength of PLA by 33%, while b-TPE increased fracture toughness of PLA by 104%. When CNF and b-TPE were incorporated together, synergism in the strength and toughness values were occurred. All bioblend and biocomposite specimens were produced by using the same “melt mixing” technique in a laboratory size twin-screw extruder, and their test specimens were shaped by conventional “compression molding”. Since shaping by “3D-printing” is frequently used in the biomedical sectors, another distinctive aim of this study was to reveal whether there were any differences in the strength and toughness values of specimens after their 3D-printing. It was observed that due to the “textured” structure of 3D-printed specimens, their flexural strength values were approximately 20% lower, while fracture toughness values were approximately 20% higher.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ consolidation of thermoplastic composites by automated fiber placement: Characterization of defects","authors":"Mahmoud Fereidouni, Suong Van Hoa","doi":"10.1177/08927057241251837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241251837","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of automated manufacturing of composites has not only transformed the manufacturing of optimized and geometrically complex structures but has also expanded the promising prospect of in-situ manufacturing of thermoplastic composites (TPC), where both material placement and consolidation are carried out by automated fiber placement (AFP) equipment, streamlining the process into single step manufacturing. However, the inherent complexities in different aspects of robotic automation, imperfections in the supplied material, and the occurrence of multi-physical phenomena during in-situ consolidation introduce various manufacturing-induced defects. While the defects in thermoset composites (TSC) made by AFP have been widely studied in the past, this study explores the diverse defects at micro and macro scales for TPCs made by AFP, with a focus on carbon-fiber/poly-ether-ether-ketone (CF/PEEK) tapes consolidated using hot gas torch (HGT) heating system. An overview of defects and associated characteristics is presented across three phases: defects in supplied impregnated tapes, defects and limitations in performance of AFP system, and defects in the final in-situ consolidated composite. For the defects subject to studies in the past, the description is limited to a concise review, while those with limited understanding are supported by new empirical observations in this work.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical, rheological, thermal and morphological properties of pistachio shell powder reinforced / linear low-density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer biocomposites","authors":"Manjeet Singh, Amol Thite, Subhendu Ray Chowdhury, Harish Jagat Pant","doi":"10.1177/08927057241252142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241252142","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, 20 wt% ENGAGE (a polyolefin elastomer) is melt blended with 80 wt% linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) followed by composite preparation with pistachio shell powder (PSP) in various compositions (40 wt% to 70 wt%). The effect of variation of PSP content on mechanical properties is studied. The processability of composites is improved because of the unique processability of ENGAGE. Consequently, filler-containing capability of the LLDPE/ENGAGE (LE82) blend is also enhanced considerably due to extra space generated by amorphous ENGAGE. Again, blending of 20 wt% ENGAGE with 80 wt% LLDPE is helpful for maintaining mechanical properties of LLDPE/ENGAGE/PSP composite in useful range. The rheological study confirms that complex viscosity (η), storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G”) remain almost unchanged with the incorporation of a high quantity of PSP into the LE82 blend system for all the composites in the entire frequency range. From the rheological study, it is seen that the thermoplastic nature of the composites is maintained. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the structural integrity of LE82 blend-based composites revealing the thermal stability of the organic filler and consequently the composites. SEM also shows uniform dispersion of PSP into the LLDPE/ENGAGE blend matrix. Such biocomposite with 70 wt% biodegradable component and reliable mechanical properties is attractive for wide spread applications.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}