Journal of thermal biology最新文献

{"title":"Incorporating thermoreceptor responses in a local sensation model to account for setpoint adaptation during cold-to-warm transition","authors":"Gineesh Gopi ,&nbsp;Jung Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Berkeley comfort models are well-suited for addressing nonuniform, transient, and cold conditions owing to their comprehensible model structures. Integrating these models with thermoregulation models can aid in formulating energy-efficient local warming and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operational strategies for occupant-centric winter conditioning in battery electric vehicles (BEVs)—a critical step toward their widespread adoption. However, the Berkeley local sensation (LS) model requires accurate consideration of setpoint and setpoint adaptation to ensure reliable predictions. Since the dynamic responses and excitatory–inhibitory interactions between the cold- and warm-sensitive thermoreceptors may inherently entail setpoint adaptation, expressing the LS model in terms of the receptor responses offers a promising alternative. This study evaluates a thermoreceptor-response-based LS model by incorporatingnet cold- and warm-sensitive receptor responses into the existing framework. Model coefficients were regressed and tested on two independent datasets from experiments simulating routine cabin environments during outdoor winter conditions. The results showed a reasonable fit for the development dataset A, with root mean-squared error (<em>RMSE</em>) values in the range of 0.29–0.59 and coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>) values of 0.65–0.92. Validation on the test dataset B yielded <em>RMSE</em> values of 0.5–0.92 and moderate-to-strong <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> values of 0.53–0.78. Compared to the original Berkeley LS model, the proposed receptor-response-based model demonstrated improved performances across all body segments. Moreover, this new framework has the potential to eliminate the need for explicit setpoint and setpoint adaptation definitions while offering a viable solution for optimizing local warmer and HVAC operating strategies in BEVs operating under outdoor winter conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of pyroptosis by sodium butyrate supplementation mitigates cold stress-induced intestinal damage in Danzhou chicken","authors":"Biao Jiang ,&nbsp;Limin Wei ,&nbsp;Wenjie Lu ,&nbsp;Xueqi Tian ,&nbsp;Yanyu Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Peng ,&nbsp;Diqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold stress poses a significant threat to intestinal health in young broilers, contributing to economic losses and welfare concerns; however, the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions remain unclear. To investigate these aspects, this study examined the effects of cold stress on intestinal barrier integrity and explored the protective potential of sodium butyrate supplementation. Forty-five-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to either a control group (CON, thermoneutral at 30 ± 1 °C) or a cold stress group (CS, exposed to 10 ± 1 °C) for 48 h. Intestinal tissues were analyzed for histopathology, tight junction protein expression, oxidative stress markers (CAT, MDA, T-SOD, T-AOC), inflammatory cytokines (LITAF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), and pyroptosis-related indicators (Caspase-1, NLRP3). Cold stress significantly disrupted intestinal barrier function, as evidenced by histopathological damage and altered expression of tight junction proteins. The CS group exhibited increased oxidative stress, elevated inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced pyroptosis activation. Given sodium butyrate's role as a crucial energy source for intestinal cells and its reported anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesized it could mitigate cold stress-induced damage. To test this, an in vitro model using chicken macrophage HD11 cells subjected to cold stress was treated with sodium butyrate (1 mM). Sodium butyrate effectively alleviated oxidative stress and suppressed pyroptosis in cold-stressed HD11 cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that this protection was associated with the inhibition of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that sodium butyrate supplementation attenuates cold stress-induced intestinal damage in broilers, likely through mitigating oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, highlighting its potential as a protective dietary intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of algal β- glucan on stress, humoral immunity, plasma biomarkers, and carcass traits of broiler chickens reared during hot season","authors":"Sadiq Nabila Fathima ,&nbsp;Rajendra Moorthy Rajendran ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Balaji ,&nbsp;Ravichandran Mani ,&nbsp;Santosh Ramvilas Vyas ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial scale influences relationships between indices of organisms’ thermal tolerance","authors":"Beatrice S. Dewenter ,&nbsp;Jane Hughes ,&nbsp;Alisha A. Shah ,&nbsp;Stephanie Bristow ,&nbsp;N. LeRoy Poff ,&nbsp;Ross Thompson ,&nbsp;Ben J. Kefford","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many thermal vulnerability indices potentially describe organismal responses to climate. However, the inter-relationships among indices and the effects of body size and spatial scale are mostly unknown. Existing literature on relationships between indices remains unclear, e.g. different hypotheses predict no, positive or negative relationship between critical thermal minimum and maximum (CT_min and CT_max). We used phylogenetic corrected analysis to determine relationships between CT_min, CT_max, thermal breadth (=CT_max-CT_min), warming tolerance (=CT_max-annual mean habitat temperature), warming capacity (=CT_max-annual maximum habitat temperature) and organism size in 121 species of freshwater insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) from temperate and tropical streams distributed along elevation gradients in eastern Australia. When data were collated across all sites (i.e. both elevation gradients), CT_min and CT_max were positively related, indicating a trade-off between tolerating high and low temperatures at this multi-region spatial scale. However, within each gradient, these indices were uncorrelated, indicating that tolerance to high temperatures had no effect on tolerance to low temperatures and <em>vice versa</em> at this within-region scale. All pairs of variables, except CT_max and body size, were related (either positively or negatively) in one or more of the three datasets. Inconsistent relationships across sites in both the temperate and the tropical gradients occurred in 43 % of variable pairs. Hypotheses about the direction of relationships between pairs of variables were supported consistently in 50 % of the contrasts. While the variables examined are mostly related to each other, spatial scale is important in determining the nature of that relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of heat stress on plasminogen activator related in milk protein in bovine mammary epithelial cells and mid lactating Holstein cow milk","authors":"Min-Kyeong Choi ,&nbsp;Jang-Hoon Jo ,&nbsp;Jung-Woo Lim ,&nbsp;Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ,&nbsp;Hong-Gu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stress (HS) is a significant factor in reducing milk yield and protein in dairy cows. However, studies on the mechanisms underlying HS-induced reductions in milk protein are limited. This study investigated the effects of HS on the plasminogen activator (PA) in bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T) and cow milk to investigate milk protein reduction under hyperthermia. In an in vivo study, milk samples were collected from thirty mid-lactating Holstein cows in different seasons with varying temperature–humidity index (severe–moderate, SM; moderate–mild, MM; and mild–comfortable, MC). The average daily milk yield of cows was 33.93 ± 0.98 kg; cows were fed a TMR diet, delivered twice daily, and ad libitum access to water. The SM group had the highest (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) milk uPA concentrations (1.48 ng/mL), followed by the MM group (0.43 ng/mL). Milk protein levels were lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the SM group (3.1 %), which was exposed to more HS than the MM (3.35 %) and MC (3.46 %) groups. To determine whether HS also alters PA expression in MAC-T cells, cells were subjected to HS at 41 °C for 2 h, with recovery at 37 °C for 8 h. HS increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), urokinase-PA (uPA), and tissue-PA (tPA). HS upregulated HSP70 expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and tended to raise uPA protein expression (<em>P</em> = 0.096). Although HS did not affect protein synthesis in MAC-T cells, cortisol, insulin, and prolactin did not affect uPA or tPA expressions in MAC-T cells. These results suggest that HS contributes to decreased milk protein content through elevated PA in the alveolar lumen rather than impaired protein synthesis in MAC-T cells. Additionally, these HS-induced mechanisms in PA provide an additional clue explaining dairy cows' decreased milk protein levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemo-/sonodynamic/photothermal triune therapy in 2D and 3D models of MCF-7 cells using paclitaxel-loaded gold nanoparticles","authors":"N. Zahraie ,&nbsp;H. Haghighi ,&nbsp;H. Heli ,&nbsp;R. Dehdari Vais ,&nbsp;N. Sattarahmady","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among females globally, with an alarming rise in incidence. Conventional treatments like chemotherapy face several limitations, necessitating innovative approaches. In this study, the efficacy of a novel chemo-/sonodynamic/photothermal triune therapy utilizing paclitaxel-loaded gold nanoparticles (PTX@GNPs) for MCF-7 breast cancer cells treatment was explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PTX@GNPs were synthesized and characterized followed by measurements of 808-nm photothermal conversion efficiency and drug loading capacity. The combined dual therapies of chemotherapy/photothermal therapy (chemo/PTT), chemotherapy/sonodynamic therapy (chemo/SDT), and combined triune therapies of chemotherapy/sonodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (chemo/SDPTT) and chemotherapy/photothermal therapy/sonodynamic therapy (chemo/PTSDT) of both 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid MCF-7 cells were evaluated using the MTT and resazurin assays, and reactive oxygen species detection. The impact of laser light and ultrasound radiations (light followed by ultrasound and vice versa radiations) was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PTX@GNPs exhibited a high loading capacity of 60 % and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 28.7 %. In the 2D culture model, chemo/SDPTT demonstrated superior cytotoxicity and ROS generation, compared to the monotherapies and other dual and triune therapies. In the 3D culture spheroids, while overall cytotoxicity was lower due to slower growth rates and limited oxygen diffusion, chemo/PTSDT again provided the highest efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The synchronized chemo/PTSDT modality employing PTX@GNPs exhibited significant synergistic effects against both 2D and 3D MCF-7 cell culture models. This approach outperformed free paclitaxel and monotherapies, emphasizing the potential of gold nanoparticles as an effective drug carrier and dual photo/sonosensitizer. Importance of treatment sequence during multimodal cancer therapies for better therapeutic outcomes was highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 104259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural thermoregulation in the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus).","authors":"K Willis, A M Fay, M J Walker, J P Y Arnould","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiological and behavioural adaptations shape an animal's thermoregulatory capacity. Pinnipeds - true seals (phocids), eared seals (otariids, including fur seals and sea lions), and walruses (Odobenids) - must thermoregulate in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Fur seals are unique, relying on dense, water-repellent fur and moderate blubber for insulation, while true seals, sea lions, and walruses have lower fur densities and thicker blubber. Fur traps air when wet to reduce heat loss at sea, but its insulating properties when dry on land, along with those of furless flippers, remain unclear for fur seals. This study used behavioural observations and infrared thermography to examine posture and surface temperature of dry, hauled out adult female Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) across a range of air temperatures (T_a). At T_a < 22 °C, huddling minimised heat loss by shielding flippers, and as T_a increased, seals shifted postures - Prone, Curled, Oblique, and Spread - to expose flippers and promote heat dissipation. Generally, flippers had a higher surface temperature than dry fur, however, at 26.5 °C, the fur surface temperature exceeded that of the flipper, with the fur appearing to insulate to retain heat beyond the flippers' dissipation capacity. At T_a > 30 °C, seals entered the water. With rising T_a predicted across this species' range, seals will likely spend more time in the water to overcome heat loss challenges. This shift could increase predation risk, energy demands, and negatively impact maternal investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"132 ","pages":"104221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of thermal biology in the co-occurrence of two endemic Liolaemus lizards from the temperate Pampas","authors":"Mauro I. Bonavita ,&nbsp;Candela Victorel ,&nbsp;Carolina Block ,&nbsp;Juan E. Dajil ,&nbsp;Oscar A. Stellatelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partitioning of thermal resources promotes coexistence among closely related lizard species, even with apparent niche overlap. Different thermoregulatory strategies, microhabitat use, and thermal physiology are frequently observed in syntopic lizard species, facilitating the partition of resources. This study investigated the thermal biology of <em>Liolaemus absconditus</em> and <em>Liolaemus tandiliensis</em>, two syntopic lizard species inhabiting the Tandilia Mountain Range. We examined the influence of intrinsic traits and environmental variables on thermoregulatory strategy, thermal parameters, and locomotor performance. Despite experiencing suboptimal thermal conditions during summer, both species were moderate thermoregulators. Both species exhibited significant overlap in body condition, microhabitat use, and thermoregulatory traits (field body temperature and thermal preference). However, they presented subtle differences in thermoregulatory strategy, thermal tolerance, and thermal performance. <em>Liolaemus absconditus</em> relied heavily on thigmothermy and exhibited a higher tolerance for maximum critical temperature but a narrower optimal temperature range for locomotion than the opportunistic <em>L. tandiliensis</em>, which alternated between thigmothermy and heliothermy. These subtle interspecific physiological differences may reduce competition for thermal resources of these <em>Liolaemus</em> lizards. However, <em>L. tandiliensis</em> likely has an advantage over <em>L. absconditus</em> under suboptimal thermal conditions. The predominance of <em>L. tandiliensis</em> over <em>L. absconditus</em> in the study site highlights the need for further investigation into other ecological factors and physiological traits drive their coexistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving soft tissue laser ablation outcomes: A Markov chain Monte Carlo-based approach","authors":"Ahad Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Leonardo Bianchi,&nbsp;Paola Saccomandi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser ablation (LA) is a minimally invasive cancer therapy that uses laser energy to selectively heat and destroy cancerous tissues while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Accurate temperature predictions derived from mathematical models are instrumental in optimizing treatment outcomes. These models assist surgeons during both pre-operative planning and intraoperative guidance. However, their accuracy can be compromised by inherent model limitations, measurement errors, or parameter uncertainties. To address this challenge, we combined the Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis (DRAM) algorithm, an advanced version of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, with bioheat equations to tune and quantify key parameters influencing temperature distribution. Our findings showed that laser standard distribution, tissue absorption coefficient, and thermal conductivity impact the temperature profile, with correlation coefficients of −0.64, −0.36, and 0.15, respectively. To validate the model, temperature data were obtained from an experimental LA setup using ex vivo porcine liver, monitored by fiber Bragg grating sensors. After tuning the model parameters, the simulation accurately predicted temperature distributions within 1.0 ± 0.5 °C. Additionally, the parameter distributions were available at each time point during ablation, offering valuable insights for real-time decision-making, particularly regarding laser energy delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory assessment of regional cutaneous vasodilator responses to local heating in young and older females","authors":"Caroline Li-Maloney ,&nbsp;Gregory W. McGarr ,&nbsp;Kelli E. King ,&nbsp;Naoto Fujii ,&nbsp;Tatsuro Amano ,&nbsp;Glen P. Kenny","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore regional differences and potential age effects in cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVC_max) during local heating in young and older females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 10 young (21.4 ± 3.4 years) and 10 older (69.8 ± 2.7 years) females, %CVC_max was assessed using laser-Doppler flowmetry at the chest, abdomen, forearm, and thigh during rapid, local skin heating. Local temperature was set at 34 °C during baseline and increased to 39 °C, then 42 °C in 30 min increments each. Differences in %CVC_max between and within age groups were evaluated at baseline, the initial vasodilator peak, and both the 39 °C and 42 °C heating plateaus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In young females, responses were similar across regions with the exception that %CVC_max was reduced for the abdomen across heating phases relative to other regions (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.040). In contrast, calf responses in older females were greater compared to other regions during the 39 °C plateau only (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.049). %CVC_max was greater at the abdomen during the 42 °C plateau (<em>P</em> = 0.022) for older females compared to young. Similarly, responses pooled across sites were significantly different (<em>P</em> = 0.035).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In our exploratory study we observed regional differences for both young and older females, and the pattern of response and the heating phases where differences occurred varied. Further, no age-related differences in %CVC_max were observed apart from a marginally greater response for older females at peak heating of 42 °C. These findings highlight the need to disentangle the effects of sex and age in evaluating the vascular responses to heat and provide a critical foundation for sex-specific investigations into microvascular dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 104190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}