{"title":"Local QFAPHFMs magnitude domain color image watermark detector based on a truncated Weibull-Rayleigh distribution.","authors":"Siyu Yang","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.559284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.559284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Designing a high-performance image watermarking algorithm that balances robustness, imperceptibility, and watermark capacity is a key issue that urgently needs attention. This paper proposes a color image watermark detection algorithm based on truncated Weibull-Rayleigh (TW-R) distribution and quaternion fast and accurate polar harmonic Fourier moments (QFAPHFMs) magnitude domain. First, we have demonstrated that the magnitude of QFAPHFMs is an ideal watermark carrier. Second, the digital watermark is embedded into the magnitude coefficients of QFAPHFM using multiplication criteria. In order to address the observed heavy tailed phenomenon in the magnitude of QFAPHFMs, we used the MMLE method based on the TW-R model to achieve accurate estimation of model parameters. Finally, a blind watermark detector was developed using the locally most powerful (LMP) decision rule. The experimental results show that even with a large watermark capacity, the proposed algorithm exhibits excellent imperceptibility and robustness, surpassing the existing advanced methods in terms of performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 7","pages":"885-897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Propagation dynamics of off-axis polarization singularities embedded within autofocusing Airy beams.","authors":"Xinglin Wang, Qilin Zhang, Jianping Ding","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.562576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.562576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We theoretically construct vectorial optical fields (VOFs) embedded with off-axis polarization singularities (PSs) using autofocusing Airy beams as orthogonal components. The focal intensity profiles of the composite VOFs and propagation dynamics of the embedded PSs are investigated. Our study reveals that isolated, simple, low-order PSs maintain their topological morphologies while undergoing rotational motion during propagation, whereas high-order PSs or low-order PSs resulting from the superposition of high-order optical vortices (OVs) split into stable, low-order PS-coupled configurations due to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI). For multiple PSs, we discover that interaction between them is significantly influenced by their off-axis positions and initial beam parameters, whereby collision, fusion, annihilation, and revival between them can be realized in a controlled manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that low-order PS-coupled configurations exhibit remarkable propagation stability and self-recovery properties. These findings offer insights into light-matter interactions mediated by beam engineering and singularity manipulation, with potential applications in microscopic manipulation and information processing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 7","pages":"878-884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iñaki Blanco-Martínez, Miguel Faria-Ribeiro, Rafael Navarro
{"title":"Third-order theory of central and peripheral eye refraction.","authors":"Iñaki Blanco-Martínez, Miguel Faria-Ribeiro, Rafael Navarro","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.558529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.558529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents a theoretical framework based on aberration theory for rotationally symmetric optical systems to describe central and peripheral refraction in non-astigmatic eyes and extend the approach to astigmatic eyes. In the non-astigmatic case, refraction is characterized using axial defocus, field curvature, and oblique astigmatism. For astigmatic eyes, the impact of axial astigmatism is analyzed by exploring its interaction with oblique astigmatism. Theoretical predictions are compared with wavefront simulations performed in Zemax, showing consistent values and spatial distributions. In non-astigmatic eyes, refraction retains rotational symmetry with a radially oriented astigmatism axis. In contrast, astigmatic eyes exhibit symmetry breaking: the spherical equivalent decreases along the axis of axial astigmatism and increases in the orthogonal meridian, while astigmatism presents a binodal pattern. This framework aims to provide a solid theoretical basis that complements both experimental data and optical simulations, offering insight into the mechanisms governing central and peripheral refraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 7","pages":"1004-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the average short-exposure modulation transfer function in the presence of atmospheric turbulence.","authors":"Gang Hu, Yongyuan Xiang, Zhenyu Jin","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.555068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.555068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ensemble average of the transfer function of an optical system that corrects wavefront tilt in real time is termed the average short-exposure modulation transfer function (SEMTF). Most of the previous studies regarding this topic neglect the influences of type of tilt. The difference between Zernike tilt (Z-tilt) and gradient tilt (G-tilt) is introduced in SEMTF. Fried-type analytical but less accurate forms that assume tilt is uncorrelated with residual phase and numerical but accurate double-integral forms that discard the above assumption have been derived. The double-integral forms can achieve both high accuracy and rapid computation speed without neglecting the location dependency of the tilt-corrected phase structure function. For the sake of generality, telescope aperture is set to be annular, and circular formulae can be obtained by setting the obstruction ratio to be zero.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"735-744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyi Wu, Agnieszka Zielińska, Gerd U Auffarth, Asu Rayamajhi, Leoni Britz, Ramin Khoramnia, Grzegorz Łabuz
{"title":"Using a look-through simulator to analyze the correlation between functional and optical properties of intraocular lenses.","authors":"Zhiyi Wu, Agnieszka Zielińska, Gerd U Auffarth, Asu Rayamajhi, Leoni Britz, Ramin Khoramnia, Grzegorz Łabuz","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.559739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.559739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraocular lens (IOL) simulators are gaining increasing interest among researchers and clinicians, as they allow users to experience vision through IOLs without the need for implantation. This study examined the correlation between a look-through simulator and the optical properties of modern IOLs, measured using an optical bench. Subjective defocus responses from five observers using a look-through simulator were compared with the through-focus optical quality of IOLs, assessed by measuring the optical transfer function (OTF) and using its components to predict postoperative visual acuity. The analysis of the agreement between OTF metrics and defocus curves confirmed a strong relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"C6-C12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Color enhancement for red-green color deficiency using multispectral image.","authors":"Keiko Sato, Takumi Suwaki","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.554109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.554109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have proposed methods to recolor images and help individuals with color vision deficiencies distinguish colors they typically confuse. These methods often simulate the appearance of images for dichromats using tristimulus values, which represent color within a narrow range. In this paper, we propose an image enhancement method tailored for individuals with red-green color vision deficiencies utilizing multispectral images. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to the multispectral data to reduce its dimensionality, allowing specific wavelength components corresponding to red-green color deficiencies to be enhanced. Using the recolored images, we demonstrate that this method improves color discrimination for red-green color-deficient individuals while preserving the naturalness of the images. Additionally, evaluations based on the number of discernible colors and image difference metrics quantitatively demonstrate that this method is more effective in enhancing color discrimination while preserving the naturalness of the image compared to conventional methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"854-861"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanis Abdelmoumni-Prunes, Claude Rouyer, Hervé Coïc, Didier Bénisti, Nicolas Bonod
{"title":"Derivation of the transverse size of the mean speckle throughout propagation from the moments of the Wigner function.","authors":"Yanis Abdelmoumni-Prunes, Claude Rouyer, Hervé Coïc, Didier Bénisti, Nicolas Bonod","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.559536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.559536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Partially coherent beams are characterized by the presence of speckle patterns. Modeling the evolution of speckle properties throughout propagation requires solving the beam propagation equation, potentially at the cost of resource-intensive calculations. Here, we derive analytical expressions for the transverse size of speckles by approximating the mean autocorrelation function of the electric field through Wigner function moments. As those moments follow particularly simple propagation laws, this approach allows us to describe the evolution of the mean speckle properties along the beam propagation with the use of a few scalar parameters, hence at a very low computational cost. We highlight the relevance of this approach by plotting the evolution of the speckle size in different examples, including Gaussian-Schell and multiple beam configurations. The formalism we introduce is general and applies to the case of multi-dimensional fields, which is of particular interest for studying the effect, on the speckle characteristics, of space-time couplings in dispersive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"842-853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Yu, Dong Wang, Biyi Wang, Xingning Geng, Jining Li, Kai Zhong, Yuye Wang, Degang Xu, Jianquan Yao
{"title":"Impulse response modeling of vanadium dioxide microbolometers at different pulse repetition frequencies.","authors":"Rui Yu, Dong Wang, Biyi Wang, Xingning Geng, Jining Li, Kai Zhong, Yuye Wang, Degang Xu, Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.544746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.544746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the optical absorption characteristics of uncooled vanadium dioxide (<i>V</i><i>O</i><sub>2</sub>) microbolometers at different temperatures and wavelengths. Based on the optical properties of <i>V</i><i>O</i><sub>2</sub> materials and typical microbolometer structures, a model of their impulse response at different pulse repetition frequencies is constructed under transient Dirichlet conditions. Under the same average power, the higher the pulse repetition frequency is, the higher the laser energy efficiency and the higher the grayscale value. Experimental measurements are conducted on the irradiation characteristics of a low pulse repetition frequency laser, and the results are consistent with the simulation results, both showing a step effect near 200 Hz. These results will contribute to the application of <i>V</i><i>O</i><sub>2</sub> microbolometers in active imaging and laser detection fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"745-753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sinewave-based measurement of the modulation transfer function for noisy and distorted images.","authors":"Kazuki Nishi, Miu Fujita, Koichi Toda","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.553863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.553863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modulation transfer function (MTF) is essential for assessing the spatial frequency characteristics of optical imaging systems. This study presents an innovative sinewave-based methodology for measuring the MTF, which demonstrates robustness against noise and applies to images exhibiting distortion. Slanted-sinusoidal fringe charts were utilized as test objects to simplify contrast calculations. The MTF for each frequency is determined by optimally fitting a sinusoidal function to unequally spaced pixel data using nonlinear least-squares estimation, enabling the derivation of optimal solutions that comply with Cramér-Rao bounds. This methodology enables MTF measurements in small-sized images with minimal distortion and at frequencies beyond the Nyquist limit. Numerical simulations and empirical camera experiments revealed that our proposed approach outperformed traditional edge-based methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"795-807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavelength and polarization multiplexed metasurface for joint encryption in the near- and far-fields.","authors":"Junfeng Li, Yikai Chen, Zekai Wang, Wenke Lan, Wansu Liu, Xilong Liu, Anting Gao, Liming Wei, Zhonghua Shen","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.555622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.555622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, multi-foci metasurfaces and metasurface holograms have drawn much attention and become popular areas of research in fields such as encryption. However, most of the existing metasurfaces used for encryption mainly concentrate on hologram encryption in the far-field, overlooking the potential functions that can be achieved in the near-field. Under such a circumstance, this work has designed a single-layer dielectric metasurface. It can achieve joint near-field and far-field encryption by means of wavelength and polarization multiplexing. This metasurface consists of specific sub-metasurfaces for holograms and sub-metasurfaces for multi-foci. By combining the periodic arrangement method with the phase coupling method, introducing a T-state matrix to design the phase of the multi-foci metasurface, and using the Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) algorithm to design holographic phases, it can display four corresponding Morse code dot matrices at 10 µm in the near-field. Also, it can show four holograms in the far-field under four combinations of wavelength and polarization. The designed metasurface improves spatial utilization and information storage capacity. Therefore, it is a promising optical storage medium and has broad applications in optical encryption as well as wavelength and polarization multiplexing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 6","pages":"788-794"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}