{"title":"A Fast Simulation Scheme for a Probabilistic Model of Poisson Type Describing Random Fatigue Crack Growth","authors":"Hiroaki Tanaka-Kanekiyo","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.184","url":null,"abstract":"A fast Monte Carlo simulation scheme is newly developed for reliability analyses based upon a probabilistic model describing random fatigue crack growth driven by a noise of Poisson type. The proposed simulation scheme is based upon a probability measure transformation available for Lévy processes, which realizes an importance sampling principle so that very small probability of failure can be accurately estimated with small size of generated samples. First, a random differential equation is formulated for describing random fatigue crack growth by introducing a temporally inhomogeneous compound Poisson process as a driving noise. Next, a probability measure transformation for temporally homogeneous compound Poisson processes is applied to the random fatigue crack growth model by the use of a transformation technique of a time variable, which leads to a Monte Carlo simulation scheme realizing the importance sampling principle. Finally, through some numerical examples, it is clarified that the proposed simulation scheme can give accurate estimations for probability of fatigue failure with quite small sample size.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"287 1","pages":"184-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80307825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creep Strain Analysis of Austenitic Stainless Steel by SEM/EBSD","authors":"K. Kubushiro, Y. Sakakibara, T. Ohtani","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.106","url":null,"abstract":"Changes of misorintation in grains were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (SEM/EBSD) for austenitic stainless steel, SUS 316 that were crept under 100 MPa at 973K. Misorientation of the specimens was calculated by Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM), Grain Average Misorientation (GAM) and Grain Orientation Spread (GOS). The values calculated by KAM, GAM and GOS increased with the strain increasing linearly during the transient creep stage. The tendency corresponded to the changes in total dislocation density estimated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In the transient creep stage, good linearity between geometrically necessary (GN) dislocation estimated from KAM values and dislocation density by TEM was revealed. Compared the increments among misorientations calculated by KAM, GAM and GOS, one of GOS was the highest and the others were almost the same. Increments of KAM values were lower than those reported in the previous papers. Because data was obtained from the crept specimens in this study but data were obtained from specimens deformed in room temperature or moderate temperature. It was suggested that the increment of GN dislocation become lower due to dynamic recovery during creep test in this study. When the pitches in the EBSD measurement were taken account into, the increment of GAM values in this study was equal to one reported in the previous paper where the data was obtained from the crept specimens of stainless steel with the similar grain size.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"96 1","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77775457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kobayashi, M. Miyabe, M. Achiwa, R. Sugiura, A. Yokobori
{"title":"Damage Evaluation Based on EBSD Method for Nickel-Base Superalloy Notched Specimen Under Creep and/or Fatigue Conditions","authors":"D. Kobayashi, M. Miyabe, M. Achiwa, R. Sugiura, A. Yokobori","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.113","url":null,"abstract":"In order to characterize the creep and/or fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior of Ni-base superalloys, an investigation into damage behavior based on the EBSD (Electron BackScattered Diffraction) method using notched specimens has been carried out. The misorientation in the vicinity of notches increased with the increase in the creep or creep-fatigue damage characteristically depending on a CC (Conventional Casting) or a DS (Directionally Solidified) superalloy. The stress holding time clearly influenced the creep and/or fatigue crack growth behavior and the appearance of misorientation development. However, it was shown that the relationship between the average misorientation in grain and the RNOD (Relative Notch Opening Displacement) was independent of the creep and/or fatigue conditions. It is concluded that the misorientation analysis of damaged samples based on the EBSD method allows the prediction of the initiation and the growth behaviors of the creep and/or fatigue crack.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84140269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Temmyo, T. Ikemizu, T. Hayashi, I. Tanikura, Y. Obara
{"title":"Formula for evaluation of flexural strength on bending test by use of a cylinder typed specimen","authors":"T. Temmyo, T. Ikemizu, T. Hayashi, I. Tanikura, Y. Obara","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.815","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the formula of four-point bending (Four-point bending test of the beam having a circular cross section, FPB c ) test and three-point bending (Three-point bending test of the beam having a circular cross section , TPB c ) test by use of short cylinder typed specimen is proposed to evaluate the flexural strength of rock or concrete, the strength of bedding plane of sedimentary rock and construction joint of concrete. Firstly, the stress distribution within cylinders with various lengths is analyzed by the three dimensional Finite Element Method. Then the formula is proposed based on the analyzed results for the four-point bending (Four-point bending test of the beam having a rectangular cross section, FPB r ) test and the three-point bending (Three-point bending test of the beam having a rectangular cross section, TPB r ) test of ASTM, JIS by the use of the beam having a rectangular cross section and the FPB c and TPB c tests. The specimen with 5-10cm in diameter and 10-20cm in length is used in the FPB c and TPB c tests. This dimension is that used in uniaxial compression test of concrete or rock drilled core. Secondly, a series of the FPB and TPB tests by use of both type of specimen is performed by the use of granite specimen with various lengths, then it is shown that the flexural strength is evaluated by the proposed formula and compared with that by the conventional one. Finally, it is made clear that the suggested three-point bending (TPB c ) by use of the cylinder typed specimen is available for evaluating the flexural strength of concrete and rock easily. beam having a rectangular cross section, and the FPB c and TPB c tests. The specimen with in diameter and","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"63 1","pages":"815-821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85015595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshinori Yamada, M. Kitagawa, S. Kano, Taisuke Miyamoto, N. Tsuji
{"title":"Influences of Temperature and Strain-Rate on Yield Mode Transition and Slip Line Growth Behavior of Amorphous Polymers","authors":"Yoshinori Yamada, M. Kitagawa, S. Kano, Taisuke Miyamoto, N. Tsuji","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77489535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Higashiyama, M. Sappakittipakorn, M. Mizukoshi, O. Takahashi
{"title":"Time Dependency on Chloride Diffusion of Ceramic Waste Aggregate Mortars Containing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag","authors":"H. Higashiyama, M. Sappakittipakorn, M. Mizukoshi, O. Takahashi","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.591","url":null,"abstract":"From our previous findings, the recycling of ceramic waste aggregate (CWA) in mortar has been proved an ecological means plus an excellent outcome against chloride ingress. The CWAs were electric porcelain insulator wastes supplied from an electric power company, which were crushed and ground to fine aggregate sizes. In this study, to further develop the CWA mortar as an eco-efficient, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) was incorporated. The GGBS was utilized as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) at three different replacement levels of 15, 30, and 45% by weight of cement. The time dependency of the GGBS on enhancing chloride resistance in the CWA mortars was experimentally assessed by using an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The tests were carried out on mortar samples after immersion in 5.0% NaCl solution for 24, 48, and 96 weeks. Another set of the mortar samples was exposed to a laboratory ambient condition for 24, 48, and 96 weeks and then followed with a carbonation test. The resistance to the chloride ingress of the CWA mortar becomes more effective in proportion to the replacement level of the GGBS. Meanwhile, the carbonation depth of the CWA mortar increases with increasing the GGBS. The relationship between the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient and the GGBS replacement level was shown along with the immersion time.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"56 1","pages":"591-598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Evaluation on Impact Behavior of Functionally Graded Foam Materials","authors":"M. Higuchi, T. Saka, T. Adachi, H. Nagino","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.798","url":null,"abstract":"In order to use functionally graded foam materials (FGFM) effectively as an impact absorbing material, the impact behavior of FGFM which have density distribution in compressional direction was investigated with finite element analysis. FGFM was assumed to be laminated structure consisting of several homogeneous foams with different densities. The compressive stress-strain relations depending on the densities in FGFM were linearly approximated in three distinct deformation regions: elastic region, plateau stress region and densification region. Theoretical analysis of the static compression and finite element analysis on the dynamic compression were performed for the FGFM. The results of finite element analysis revealed that FGFM having high density in near the impact end can absorb a large amount of impact energy without increasing the maximum fixed end load from that of the homogeneous foam.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":"798-805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88587365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toshie Takahashi, H. Tsutsumi, M. Nakajima, T. Mitamura
{"title":"Reliability on the Non-destructive Inspection Method for the Humidity in Wooden Sheathed Walls","authors":"Toshie Takahashi, H. Tsutsumi, M. Nakajima, T. Mitamura","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.203","url":null,"abstract":"For minimizing the effects of housing deterioration, it must be established a simple and precise inspection to examine the house condition. In this study, the behavior of humidity in wooden sheathed wall of housing outer wall was considered. The humidity, which was observed in the walls, was compared with non-destructive inspection data, the temperature and the humidity observed inside and outside of the wall. Non-destructive inspection data was (cid:3) classified and inspected according to their observed position, their specification and environment. As a result, the boundary of the humidity in the wall, which has effect on the housing deterioration, was estimated from 64% to 67%. The reliability of non-destructive inspection method was indicated by Bayes method, therefore the humidity inspection with electrical resistance devices is more reliable than the inspection with high frequency devices. With the electrical resistance devices, the non-destructive inspection on lower position mortar wall is useful on the humidity inspection in wooden sheathed walls. The humidity in the wall is affected by the environment, specification and the observed position.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"19 1","pages":"203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78957497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue Strength of 0.45% Carbon Steel Specimens Machined by Wire Electric Discharge","authors":"T. Yakushiji, M. Goto, S. Torii","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"109 1","pages":"940-945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Houjou, Koji Takahashi, K. Ando, R. Fueki, H. Okada
{"title":"Effect of material hardness on crack size rendered harmless by shot peening","authors":"K. Houjou, Koji Takahashi, K. Ando, R. Fueki, H. Okada","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.64.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.64.859","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of material hardness on the maximum size of a slit, which was rendered harmless by shot peening, were investigated. Specimens of two types of hardness were made of spring steel (SUP9), and a semi-circular slit was introduced by using an end mill. After the shot-peening process, bending fatigue tests with a stress ratio of R = 0.05 were carried out in air. The maximum depth of slit rendered harmless by shot peening for 270 HV and 350 HV were a0p = 0.2 and 0.3 mm, respectively. Considering the experimental results of the present and previous works, the hardness did not have a large influence on the size of a0p. In order to predict the size of a0p, the range of the stress intensity factors at the semi-circular crack caused by the residual stress and applied stress during the fatigue test were analyzed. The calculated result corresponded well with the experimental result.","PeriodicalId":17366,"journal":{"name":"journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"859-864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78774140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}