Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of a Xyloglucan Oligosaccharide Mixture from Tamarind Seed Gum and its Promotive Action on Flower Opening in Carnation Cultivars","authors":"S. Satoh, A. Tateishi, So Sugiyama","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.270","url":null,"abstract":"A mixture of xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGO) was prepared from xyloglucan (XG) of tamarind seed gum by digestion with Aspergillus recombinant XG-specific xyloglucanase and subsequent purification by ethanol fractionation. The XGO mixture contained XG7, XG8, and XG9 at the ratio of 1 : 4 : 5, which was almost identical to the literature value of constituent subunits ratio of 1.2 : 3.8 : 5. The XGO mixture at 1% promoted flower opening in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars, such as ‘Pure Red’ and ‘Lillian’. On the other hand, there was no effect on other cultivars, such as ‘Collin’, ‘Light Pink Barbara’, and ‘Mule’. Promotion of flower opening by 1% XGO was exhibited earlier than that by glucose or sucrose at 1% in ‘Pure Red’ carnation. Separate application of XG7 or XG9 stimulated flower opening in ‘Pure Red’ carnation, suggesting that all the constituents in the XGO mixture were effective in stimulating flower opening. Based on these observations, the mechanism of action of XGO on carnation flower opening and its future practical use as a flower-opening agent are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression Pattern of Several Flowering-related Genes during Flower Bud Formation in Rhododendron × pulchrum ‘Oomurasaki’","authors":"K. Cheon, A. Nakatsuka, Keisuke Tasaki, N. Kobayashi","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.263","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the relationship between the development of floral buds and the expression pattern of floweringrelated genes, observation of floral organ development and expression analysis of RpFT, RpSOC1, RpLFY, RpTFL1, RpCEN, and RpAP3 were carried out from July to August 2011 of the evergreen azalea ‘Oomurasaki’. After floral meristem development, floral organs, such as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, were observed subsequently on the floral meristems. The expression level of RpTFL1 gradually decreased with floral meristem development; however, the expression level of RpFT and RpLFY increased continuously until carpel development and that of RpAP3 began to increase with stamen development. RpSOC1 and RpCEN showed an irregular expression pattern during floral bud development. These results suggest that the period of floral organ development can be determined by the expression pattern of RpTFL1, RpFT, RpLFY, and RpAP3 in evergreen azalea ‘Oomurasaki’.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"263-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Viviparous Sprouting on Melon Seeds Using High Level of Potassium Fertilization or Abscisic Acid Application","authors":"Y. Ochi, Tadashi Ito, M. Hohjo, S. Tsukagoshi, M. Johkan, T. Maruo, Y. Shinohara","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.227","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiments were undertaken in order to clarify the effects of a high potassium fertilization level on the occurrence of viviparous sprouting in melon fruit. Melon (Cucumis melo L. group) plants of two susceptible lines and one resistant line to viviparous sprouting were used at two different potassium concentrations. A high potassium fertilization level (12.0 mmol·L) resulted in a marked decrease of the occurrence of viviparous sprouting in the susceptible lines, and in the increase of the endogenous ABA content. No significant differences were observed in the seed number per fruit, the seed weight, and the percentage of seed germination at a high level of potassium fertilization. Further experiments were conducted in order to analyze the effects of exogenous ABA treatment at a low potassium fertilization level (1.5 mmol·L) on the occurrence of viviparous sprouting in melon fruit. At 25 days after pollination, ABA solution at different concentrations was sprayed on the fruits of the susceptible melon line grown at two different potassium fertilization levels. Even at a low potassium fertilization level, exogenous ABA application inhibited the occurrence of viviparous sprouting and increased ABA contents both in juice samples around the placenta and in the seeds. ABA treatment, however, led to a significant decrease in the seed number per fruit and in the percentage of seed germination, as a result of a marked increase in the ABA content and potassium absorption.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of ABA in Triggering Ethylene Production in the Gynoecium of Senescing Carnation Flowers: Changes in ABA Content and Expression of Genes for ABA Biosynthesis and Action","authors":"Yoshihiro Nomura, T. Harada, S. Morita, S. Kubota, M. Koshioka, H. Yamaguchi, K. Tanase, M. Yagi, T. Onozaki, S. Satoh","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.242","url":null,"abstract":"In senescing carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers, ethylene production begins in the gynoecium, and the resulting ethylene acts on petals, inducing autocatalytic ethylene production. We investigated the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in ethylene production in the gynoecium of flowers. First, cDNAs of major genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling were cloned from carnation flower tissues. Then, changes in ABA content and gene expression of ABA biosynthesis and signaling in the ovary were examined using three cultivars, ‘Light Pink Barbara (LPB)’ and ‘Excerea’, whose cut flowers produce ethylene during senescence and have an ordinary vase-life of about one week, and ‘Miracle Rouge’, whose cut flowers produce no detectable ethylene during senescence and have a vase-life of about three weeks. ABA content in the ovary was 530–710 pmol·g − 1 fresh weight (FW) from Os 2 (early opening stage) to Os 6 (end of opening stage) in ‘LPB’, and at 200–380 pmol·g − 1 FW in ‘Excerea’ at the same stages; but 930 pmol·g − 1 FW at Ss 1 (early senescence stage). The ABA content remained at 70– 160 pmol·g − 1 FW in ‘Miracle Rouge’. The changes in ABA content were in parallel with the transcript levels of DcNCED1 (carnation gene for 9-cis -epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase). DcPYR1 (ABA receptor gene) transcript was 0.004–0.007 relative expression level (r.e.l.) in ‘LPB’ ovary at Os 1–Os 3, and 0.028 r.e.l. at Ss 1 (beginning of senescence stage). In ‘Excerea’ ovary, DcPYR1 transcript was 0.025–0.037 r.e.l. during flower opening and higher at Ss 1. By contrast, DcPYR1 transcript remained at 0.002–0.006 r.e.l. in ‘Miracle Rouge’ ovary during flower opening and senescence. The transcripts of DcACS1 , the key gene for ethylene biosynthesis, were detected at Ss 1 in ‘LPB’, and at Ss 2 in ‘Excerea’, but not in ‘Miracle Rouge’ throughout flower opening and senescence stages. These findings suggest that ABA plays a causal role in inducing the expression of the DcACS1 gene in the gynoecium, leading to ethylene biosynthesis, and that both the ABA content and DcPYR1 expression must be above putative threshold levels for ABA to exert its action.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"242-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Foliage Plant Interventions in Classrooms on Actual Air Quality and Subjective Health Complaints","authors":"Ho-Hyun Kim, Jae‐Young Lee, Hyo-jin Kim, Yong-Won Lee, K. Kim, Ju-Hee Park, Dong-chun Shin, Young-Wook Lim","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.255","url":null,"abstract":"Institute of Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea Institute of Life Science & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea Depertment of Visual Optics, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 330-704, Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergic-Immunology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Goyang 412-270, Korea National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-440, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Kerea","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Present Status of Breeding and Germplasm Collection for Resistance to Viral Diseases of Cucurbits in Japan","authors":"M. Sugiyama","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.193","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and melon (C. melo L.) are globally important crop species in the family cucurbit. However, pests and disease, including various viral diseases, affect cucumber and melon production in Japan. Choosing a resistant cultivar is one of the most effective methods for disease control. Many sources of viral resistance have been identified in cucurbits, and various resistant commercial cultivars have been bred. This review describes the present status of cucurbit breeding and sources of resistance to the four major viruses in Japan. Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) and Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) are devastating insecttransmitted viruses that were first reported in Japan. MYSV-resistant cucumber and CCYV-resistant melon were selected from germplasm collections. The resistance of cucumber accession 27028930 to MYSV is temperature dependent and intermediate; melon isolate (MYSV-S) inoculation resulted in no systemic infection of resistant cucumber plants at low temperature (20°C). The melon accession JP 138332 exhibits high resistance to CCYV. These accessions are considered promising sources for breeding resistant cultivars. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) are soil-borne viruses. The Korean melon accession ‘Chang Bougi’ is resistant to the SH isolate of CGMMV. The resistance of ‘Chang Bougi’ is controlled by two independent complementary recessive genes (cgmmv-1 and cgmmv-2), whereas resistance to MNSV is controlled by a single recessive gene (nsv) in melon. The nsv gene was introduced into commercial cultivars, and these cultivars have shown high resistance to MNSV. There is an increasing demand for new cultivars with resistance to additional viruses. To satisfy this demand and solve problems related to cucurbit viruses, core collections of each cucurbit crop are required for the identification of resistant germplasm, and marker-assisted selection will allow us to breed new cultivars rapidly and accurately.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Self-compatible Pollen-part Mutant of Japanese Pear Produced by Crossing 'Kosui' with Pollen from Gamma-irradiated 'Kosui'","authors":"Y. Sawamura, N. Mase, N. Takada, A. Sato, C. Nishitani, K. Abe, T. Masuda, Toshiya Yamamoto, T. Saito, K. Kotobuki","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.222","url":null,"abstract":"The self-incompatible (SI) Japanese pear cultivar ‘Kosui’ was pollinated with pollen collected from a chronically gamma-irradiated ‘Kosui’ tree, and a progeny was obtained. This progeny resulted in the identification of selfcompatible (SC) breeding selection, designated 415-1, which showed 74.4% fruit set in a self-pollination test. PCR-based genetic analysis revealed that 415-1 has S-RNase genotype S4S5, which is the same as that of the parent, ‘Kosui’. Pollination trials were used to investigate whether 415-1 harbors a stylar-part mutation or a pollen-part mutation in its SI locus. When 415-1 was pollinated with pollen from cultivars of the same genotype (‘Syuugyoku’ and ‘Oushuu’), no seed-containing fruit were set, indicating that 415-1 contains functional S4and S5-RNase alleles. On the other hand, when ‘Syuugyoku’ and ‘Oushuu’ were pollinated with pollen from 415-1, fruit-bearing seeds were produced; therefore, we conclude that 415-1 carries a pollen-part mutation at the SI locus. This new self-compatible breeding selection will be useful for the development of new Japanese pear cultivars with SC.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"222-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Perceived Colors of Cut Roses under Florist Shop Lighting","authors":"Eun Mi Yang, Ho-Min Kang, Joung Min Kim, Jongyun Kim, H. Jang, C. Pak","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.170","url":null,"abstract":"Color perception of cut flowers may change depending on the light environment. We investigated how florist shop lighting changed the color perception of six cut rose colors (white, red, orange, yellow, purple, and red-purple) through visual color measurements. Visual color measurements were performed by expert colorists using the Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) colorimetry method. 6500 K (control), 3500 K, and 2800 K fluorescent lamps, and 6500 K LED lamps were used for comparison. Color perceptions changed depending on lamps and rose colors. When compared with control 6500 K fluorescent lamps, 2800 K fluorescent lamps induced high color differences (ΔE > 10) in all rose colors except white roses. 3500 K plant-growth lamps greatly altered purple rose color perception (ΔE > 34). 6500 K LED lamps had the lowest ΔE on average among the test lamps. Changes in color perception of red, orange, and yellow roses were influenced more strongly by 6500 K LED lamps than 2800 K lamps, probably due to the narrower spectrum of LED lamps. White lamps most closely replicating natural daylight should be considered as part of a florist shop lighting plan in order to accurately represent the various colors of flowers.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Major QTL Controlling Earliness of Fruit Maturity Linked to the Red leaf/Red flesh Trait in Apple cv. 'Maypole'","authors":"T. Morimoto, Y. Hiramatsu, K. Banno","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.97","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins, which contribute red coloration to apple skin, are recognized for their antioxidant properties. Some apple cultivars also accumulate anthocyanins in fruit flesh. In this study, we analyzed the inheritance of coloration traits in fruit skin, fruit flesh, and leaves as well as their candidate gene, and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fruit maturity linked to the red flesh trait in ‘Maypole’, using a ‘Fuji’ × ‘Maypole’ F1 population. Phenotypic segregation in the F1 population indicated that red skin, striped skin, red flesh, and red leaf traits are each controlled by separate single dominant genes and that red leaves co-segregated with red flesh. Of these, a striped skin trait derived from ‘Fuji’ corresponded to the MdMYBA genotype, known to regulate anthocyanin synthesis in fruit skin, suggesting that this genotype may be responsible for fruit skin coloring patterns. The red leaf/red flesh trait derived from ‘Maypole’ co-segregated with the MdMYB10 R6 promoter. MdMYBA and MdMYB10 were located in the same region at the bottom of linkage group (LG) 9 on the same genetic material, supporting that these genes are allelic. Analysis of the relationship between red coloration and fruit maturity revealed that fruits of red-fleshed progeny tended to mature earlier than those of white-fleshed progeny. A major QTL accounting for 35.6% of the total variance (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 8.94) was detected near the MdMYB10 locus in ‘Maypole’, indicating that the factor controlling earliness of fruit maturity is tightly linked to the red leaf/red flesh trait.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Microspore Development Stage and Cold Pre-treatment of Flower Buds on Embryo Induction in Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Anther Culture","authors":"Chunfen Zhang, T. Tsukuni, Miyuku Ikeda, Mamoru Sato, Hatsuhiko Okada, Yoshitaka Ohashi, Hideyuki Matsuno, Toshiya Yamamoto, M. Wada, N. Yoshikawa, S. Matsumoto, Jijun Li, N. Mimida, Manabu Watanabe, A. Suzuki, S. Komori","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.114","url":null,"abstract":"The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan Fruit Tree Research Center, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Fukushima 969-0292, Japan Agricultural College, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Yabuki, Fukushima 969-0292, Japan NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan Apple Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Morioka 020-0123, Japan The Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan The Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"114-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}