Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science最新文献

{"title":"NO3− Requirement and the Quantitative Management Method of Nutrient Solution Based on NO3− Supply in Hydroponic Culture of Radish Plants","authors":"Huixia Li, Tomonobo Inokuchi, Tomomi Nagaoka, Mariko Tamura, Sachio Hamada, Shigetoshi Suzuki","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-060","url":null,"abstract":"The absorption of NO3 and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. ‘Yukikomachi’), and the timing and interval of NO3 supply were examined to evaluate quantitative nutrient management (QNM) of nutrient solution in a hydroponic culture of radish plants. In experiment 1, the amount of NO3 required for growth to a marketable size (30–35 g FW of thickened axis) was presumed to be approximately 1000 mg/plant by the direct measurement of NO3 absorption of radish plants grown with the EC-based control management method (EC-based control method) of nutrient solution containing different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 me·L-1) of NO3. In Experiment 2, plants were supplied with the total amount of NO3 (1000 mg/plant) at the beginning of the experiment or with 1/5 of the total amount of NO3 (1000 mg/plant) repeatedly 5 times every 4 days, and then their fresh weight and nutrient absorption were compared with the plants grown with the EC-based control method. Significant differences in the growth of thickened axes and leaves were not obtained among plants grown by three different methods. However, plants appeared to be supplied with an excess amount of nutrients because EC and NO3 levels were high at the end of cultivation. From the experiment in which plants were supplied with the whole amount of mineral nutrients containing 900, 800, and 700 mg/plant of NO3 at the beginning of the experiment in December, it became apparent that 800 mg/plant of nitrate would be sufficient for radish growth in the cold season. In conclusion, we propose the QNM method supplying the whole amount of nutrients required for crop growth at the beginning of cultivation so that radish plants could be produced without draining nutrient solution containing a large amount of NO3 from the hydroponic system into the environment.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"83 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69158188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid Prolongs the Vase Life of Cut Flowers of Spray Carnations","authors":"S. Satoh, Y. Kosugi, So Sugiyama, I. Ohira","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-082","url":null,"abstract":"2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDCA) is a structural analog of 2-oxoglutarate and has been shown to inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by competing with 2-oxoglutarate, and ethylene production in detached carnation flowers by competing with ascorbate on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase action. In the present study, the inhibition of ACC oxidase action by PDCA was confirmed with a recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli from carnation DcACO1 cDNA. PDCA had various effects on ethylene production in cut ‘Light Pink Barbara (LPB)’ carnation flowers; ethylene production was accelerated or delayed in some flowers, whereas it did not change in others as compared to untreated control flowers. This varied action of PDCA may be caused by its possible combined actions; that is, inhibition of ACC oxidase action as well as its action on unidentified biochemical processes which use 2-oxoglutarate as a co-substrate, such as the biosynthesis and inactivation of gibberellins. Meanwhile, PDCA treatment significantly prolonged the vase life of bunches of cut ‘LPB’ carnation flowers; the magnitude of the extension of vase life was 53, 111, and 135% at 0.3, 1, and 2 mM PDCA, respectively, as compared with the non-treated control. Also, PDCA lengthened the vase life of ‘Mule’ carnation flowers. The present findings suggest the potential of PDCA as a preservative for cut flowers of spray carnations.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"83 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.CH-082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Floral Induction in Citrus","authors":"F. Nishikawa","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.283","url":null,"abstract":"In the citrus industry, juvenility and alternate bearing are serious problems that cause lengthening of the breeding cycle and instability of annual fruit production, respectively. Both phenomena are closely related to flowering behavior: juvenility is caused by suppression of flowering in young plants and alternate bearing mainly results from suppression of flowering by fruit production. Many researchers have conducted studies into citrus flowering in a quest to resolve these problems. In recent years, molecular and genetic approaches to studying citrus flowering have been performed on the basis of studies on flowering-related genes in Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis, the protein encoding a flowering-related gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), plays an important role in the promotion of flowering. Similarly, a citrus orthologue of FT (CiFT) has been confirmed to have a function in the promotion of flowering in citrus. In studies of transgenic plants, a CiFT co-expression vector has been already used to shorten the juvenile phase of citrus. In addition, endogenous expression of CiFT is closely correlated with flowering under various conditions, suggesting that endogenous CiFT may regulate floral induction. Considering the accumulating data, the regulation of CiFT expression is hypothesized to be essential to understand the mechanism of citrus flowering and studies on CiFT are expected to contribute to the resolution of flowering-related problems in citrus.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Localized Promotion of Cytokinin Biosynthesis on Flower Morphology in Flower Buds of Torenia fournieri Lind.","authors":"T. Niki, R. Aida, T. Niki, T. Nishijima","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.328","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the relationship between flower morphology and organ-specific promotion of cytokinin biosynthesis within flower buds, we introduced Arabidopsis isopentenyltransferase 4 (AtIPT4) into torenia (Torenia fournieri L.) under the control of APETALA1 (AP1) or APETALA3 (AP3) promoter. AP1::AtIPT4 plants had an increased number of petals, whereas AP3::AtIPT4 plants had an expanded corolla, a paracorolla, and serrated petal margins along with an increased number of petals. In AP3::AtIPT4 plants, marked receptacle enlargement was observed when the flower buds were in the early corolla development stage in which the paracorolla primordia differentiate. As expected, AtIPT4 was expressed in the sepals and petals of AP1::AtIPT4 plants, and in the petals and stamens of AP3::AtIPT4 plants. Furthermore, the type-A response regulator (TfRR1) and cytokinin oxidase (TfCKX5) genes, which were used as indices of cytokinin signal, showed the same expression patterns as the transgene. These findings indicate that expansion of the corolla and development of the paracorolla and serrated petal margins after receptacle enlargement in AP3::AtIPT4 plants are induced by localized elevated cytokinin signal in the petals and stamens. In contrast, localized elevated cytokinin signal in the sepals and petals only induced an increase in the number of petals. Therefore, an elevated cytokinin signal in the stamen may be important for inducing corolla expansion and for developing a paracorolla and serrated petal margins.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root-zone Cooling at High Air Temperatures Enhances Physiological Activities and Internal Structures of Roots in Young Tomato Plants","authors":"Y. Kawasaki, S. Matsuo, Katsumi Suzuki, Y. Kanayama, K. Kanahama","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.322","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost technology is needed to alleviate high-temperature injury for high-yield greenhouse tomato production. To acquire information about the physiological and morphological effects of root-zone cooling, we grew young tomato plants for 2 weeks in nutrient solution held at about 25°C, considered to be the optimum temperature for tomato plants. We investigated plant growth, nutrient uptake, root activity (xylem exudation and root respiration rate), root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration, and internal root structure. The root-zone temperature was maintained at 24.7°C by cooling, while the air temperature and control temperatures were higher than optimum (30.8 and 33.7°C, respectively). Root-zone cooling increased the relative growth rate (RGR) of roots compared with the control, followed by shoot RGR. Root IAA was positively correlated with root RGR. Root-zone cooling increased Ca and Mg uptake as well as root xylem exudation and respiration. It also advanced the development of the internal structure of the xylem near the root tip. Thus, possibly by increasing root activity and root IAA, root-zone cooling promoted root growth and nutrient uptake mediated by the development of the root xylem, and thus shoot growth. These results suggest a physiological and morphological mechanism of growth enhancement by root-zone cooling under high air temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"322-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Yield of ‘Budousanshou’ Grafts on ‘Fuyuzanshou’ and ‘Karasuzanshou’ Rootstocks","authors":"T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, H. Okuda, M. Hossain, Kazunari Hattori","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.312","url":null,"abstract":"The growth and yield of ‘Budousanshou’ ( Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. f. inerme Makino) trees were compared between grafts on ‘Fuyuzanshou’ ( Z. alatum Roxb. var. planispinum Rehd. et Wils.) seedlings and ‘Karasuzanshou’ ( Fagara ailanthoides Engl.) seedlings. Comparisons were made for 8 years after transplanting. The tree height for grafts on ‘Karasuzanshou’ rootstock was greater than for ‘Fuyuzanshou’ grafts throughout the experimental period after transplanting. For both graft treatments, tree height did not increase beyond 6–7 years after transplanting, suggesting that the trees had reached maturity. In addition, the canopy volume of grafts on ‘Karasuzanshou’ rootstock was greater than that on ‘Fuyuzanshou’ rootstock at 2 years after transplanting. The yield per tree and canopy volume were higher for grafts on ‘Karasuzanshou’ than grafts on ‘Fuyuzanshou’ rootstock by 7 years post-transplanting (i.e., the mature stage). Due to its greater canopy volume, the per tree yield of mature ‘Karasuzanshou’ grafts has the potential to be greater than that from ‘Fuyuzanshou’; therefore, ‘Karasuzanshou’ is a good candidate rootstock for the effective production of Japanese peppers.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"312-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palatinose-hydrolyzing Activity and Its Relation to Modulation of Flower Opening in Response to the Sugar in Dianthus Species","authors":"S. Satoh, Mayu Miyai, So Sugiyama, Noriko Toyohara","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.337","url":null,"abstract":"Palatinose (isomaltulose) is an analog of sucrose and was regarded as non-metabolizable in plant tissues until recently. In the present study, we found that crude extracts from carnation petals had activity to hydrolyze palatinose. Preliminary characterization of this activity using a crude enzyme extract from ‘Lillian’ carnation petals revealed that hydrolyzing activity was exhibited by α-glucosidase, which uses isomaltose and palatinose, both being α-1,6-glucosides, as substrates. Exogenous application of palatinose stimulated flower opening of carnation cultivars (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Lillian’, ‘Pure Red’, and ‘Light Pink Barbara’), but suppressed it in D. barbatus ‘Shin-higuruma’. Palatinose-hydrolyzing activity was much higher in the extract from carnation than that from D. barbatus. These observations suggested that palatinose stimulated flower opening in carnation by supplying glucose and fructose, but suppressed it in D. barbatus, probably through the inhibition of general metabolism, similar to the action of α-glucosidase, caused by its excess accumulation.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"337-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varietal Differences in Susceptibility to Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) among 69 Peach Cultivars and Selections as Evaluated by Artificial Inoculation to Shoots","authors":"Y. Suesada, M. Yamada, Takayoshi Yamane, E. Adachi, H. Yaegaki, M. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.293","url":null,"abstract":". Yamamoto, T., K. Mochida and T. Hayashi. 2003. Shanhai Suimitsuto, one of the origins of Japanese peach cultivars. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 72: 116–121. Yamamoto, Y., C. Ogaki and Y. Tatsuno. 1953. Experiments and investigations on the bacterial spot of peach. 1) Effects of weather condition on outbreak of the disease, and susceptibility in the varieties of peach. Bull. Kanagawa Agri. Exp. Sta. 1: 57–62 (In Japanese with English summary).","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Accuracy in Determining Optimal Harvest Time for Pitaya ( Hylocereus undatus ) Using the Elasticity Index","authors":"M. Fumuro, N. Sakurai, N. Utsunomiya","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.354","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine whether the optimal harvest time of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) could be identified more accurately using the elasticity index as determined by a nondestructive resonant-vibration method. Seven-year-old pitaya grown in beds filled with sand in an unheated greenhouse were used, and pollinated fruit in July (Jul.-PF) and September (Sep.-PF) were harvested at intervals of 4 days during days 20–36 or 20– 40 days, respectively, after anthesis. The second resonant frequency, the elasticity index, and flesh firmness decreased with ripening; however, values for Jul.-PF decreased faster than those for Sep.-PF. During the final harvest time, both groups of pollinated fruits had similar values for second resonant frequency (330 Hz), the elasticity index (60 × 10), and flesh firmness (7 N·cm). The a-value of peel color for Jul.-PF and Sep.-PF increased rapidly during days 24–32 and 28–36, respectively, after anthesis and thereafter showed almost constant values. Total sugar content in Jul.-PF increased rapidly until 28 days after anthesis and then increased slightly. Total sugar content in Sep.-PF increased later than in Jul.-PF. Organic acid in Jul.-PF and Sep.-PF decreased rapidly until 28 and 36 days, respectively, after anthesis and thereafter decreased slowly. In Sep.-PF that were harvested at the optimal time, the second resonant frequency declined as fruit size increased, but the elasticity index was not affected by fruit size. High positive correlations were found among the second resonant frequency, the elasticity index, and flesh firmness in both groups of pollinated fruit. Considering a comprehensive suite of parameters including pulp rate, peel color, sugar, organic acid, flesh firmness, and occurrence of cracking, the optimal harvest time was estimated to be 36 and 40 days after anthesis for Jul.-PF and Sep.-PF, respectively, and the elasticity index of fruit at optimal harvest time was 62 × 10 and 73 × 10, respectively. This study showed that the optimal harvest time of pitaya could be determined more accurately by measuring the elasticity index of on-tree fruit.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"354-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoot Growth and Fruit Production of ‘Masui Dauphine’ Fig Trees Having High Limb Position with Downward Shoots","authors":"A. Hosomi, Y. Miwa, T. Mano","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.215","url":null,"abstract":"Shoot growth and fruit production of ‘Masui Dauphine’ fig trees (Ficus carica L.) were compared between a novel training method and a control method, with various tree spacing. In the novel training, the shoots were elongated downward from a horizontal limb at 180 cm height, whereas control training had upward growing shoots from a horizontal limb at 40 cm height. Sprouted shoots of the novel training trees leafed a few days earlier than controls. The difference in training did not significantly affect longitudinal growth (the internode length and leaf area) of the shoots but, on the apical portion of the shoots, the shoot diameter and leaf weight per area in novel training were less than in controls. Many lateral shoots sprouted on the shoots of the novel training in autumn. The novel training prevented failure of fruit set, which was observed on the basal portion of control shoots with excess vigour owing to narrow tree spacing. The novel training promoted coloring of fruit on the basal portion of the shoots and depressed it on the apical portion. The size and weight of fruit tended to be reduced on the shoots that underwent novel training. The observed characteristics of novel training may be due to the change of lighting conditions and reduced photosynthetic rate due to downward shoot positioning.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"215-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}