Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Petal Senescence in Ornamental Plants","authors":"K. Shibuya","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.140","url":null,"abstract":"Flower longevity is one of the most important traits for ornamental plants. Ethylene plays a crucial role in petal senescence in many plant species. Genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, and its signal transduction have been identified in several ornamental plants. Genetic modification of ethylene signaling genes has successfully improved flower longevity in several plant species. In contrast, regulatory mechanisms of petal senescence in flowers that show ethylene-independent senescence remain largely unknown. Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) is a proposed model plant for ethylene-independent petal senescence, and an important role of autophagy in petal senescence has been highlighted in this plant. This review focused on our recent findings on ethylene signaling and our attempts to identify factors regulating ethylene-independent petal senescence.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"140-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heating Bearing Shoot near Fruit on Cell Size, Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes and Sugar Accumulation in Watermelon Fruit","authors":"Y. Kano, Jun Matsumoto, Yu-suke Aoki, Tatsuya Madachi","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.171","url":null,"abstract":"Shoots near fruits of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Matsumu. et Nakai) were continuously heated from 5 days after anthesis (DAA) to a minimum of 30°C during night. Temperatures in a plastic greenhouse during 0 a.m. to 6 a.m. fluctuated between 12.7–17.2°C, and the temperature of the surface of the fruit, whose near shoots were heated (designated as a heated fruit) during these hours, was higher by 0.8°C on the average than that of the control, and also the temperature of the flesh of the heated fruit was 1.0–1.5°C higher than that of the control fruit. Pigmentation of the flesh of the heated fruit was accelerated. Cell size of the heated fruit was smaller than that of the control fruit. Higher sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of the heated fruit resulted in the higher mean sucrose and fructose content of the heated fruit. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider that heating bearing shoots near fruits can accelerate the rate at which cells enlarge and mature, which causes an increase in SPS activity and an increase in the sucrose content in the fruit, especially the outer portions of the fruit.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of Three Clubroot Resistance Genes through Marker-assisted Selection in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).","authors":"E. Matsumoto, Hiroki Ueno, Daisuke Aruga, K. Sakamoto, N. Hayashida","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.184","url":null,"abstract":"Many clubroot resistant (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) have been bred so far, but their usage is limited because the capacity for resistance breaks down with time. This degradation is caused by a pathogenic variation in the causal fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae. We attempted to accumulate 3 CR genes, CRa, CRk, and CRc, through marker-assisted selection. Five doubled haploid CR lines with an individual CR locus were used as breeding materials. The CR lines were crossed with each other. A subsequent selection for resistance was performed using sequence characterized amplified region markers in segregating generations. As a result, 4 homozygous lines for 3 resistance genes and the F1 hybrids between them were developed. CR pyramiding lines were inoculated with 6 field isolates of P. brassicae. The homozygous lines for 3 CR genes, whether selfed or crossed, exhibited exceedingly high resistance against all of the isolates. Morphological characters of F1 hybrids were comparable to those of a control cultivar, but the degree of heterosis was less than expected, which is probably because of genetic similarity of the parents. The results of this study prove that clubroot resistance can be reinforced through the accumulation of varied resistance genes in B. rapa.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Expressed Proteins in the Different Stages of the Style Development of Self-incompatible 'Hyuganatsu' (Citrus tamurana hort. ex Tanaka)","authors":"A. Uchida, S. Takenaka, Y. Sakakibara, Shigefumi Kurogi, C. Honsho, H. Sassa, M. Suiko, H. Kunitake","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.150","url":null,"abstract":"In Citrus, self-incompatibility (SI) regulation is gametophytic, and this phenomenon is an economically critical problem for some Citrus cultivars without high parthenocarpic ability. Few molecular biological studies of SI in Citrus have been performed, and the molecular mechanism of SI has not been clarified. To investigate the effect of different stages of style development on pollen tube behavior, flower buds of self-incompatible ‘Hyuganatsu’ (Citrus tamurana hort. ex Tanaka) were histologically assayed. When the flower buds were observed 168 hours after pollination, pollen tubes in the self-pollinated flower buds 1 and 3 days before anthesis (DBA) were arrested in the upper part of the styles, while those in flower buds self-pollinated 5 DBA reached the base of the styles. These results revealed that SI in ‘Hyuganatsu’ has not yet occurred in the flower buds 5 DBA, but generated in the flower buds 3 DBA. To search SI-related pistil proteins in Citrus, we profiled a number of protein expressions in ‘Hyuganatsu’ styles of 1, 3, and 5 DBA by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. One-hundred thirty-eight protein spots were significantly different in abundance among the three stages, and 17 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated protein spots could be identified. Among the 17 up-regulated proteins, nine up-regulated proteins exhibited the expression pattern of 1 DBA ≥ 3 DBA > 5 DBA, a pattern which reflected the transmission from SC to SI, evaluated by pollen tube growth. BLASTP homology search against the peptide sequences of these proteins was carried out and predicted the proteins related to the maintenance of cell shape, the signaling of pollen tube growth, the flavonol biosynthesis, the responses to various stresses, photosynthesis, and the methionine metabolic process. Among the nine proteins, some may be the SI-related pistil proteins; however, it was not possible to determine the SI-related key protein of the style in Citrus.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Far-red Light Supplemented with Weak Red Light Promotes Flowering of Gypsophila paniculata","authors":"K. Nishidate, Y. Kanayama, M. Nishiyama, T. Yamamoto, Y. Hamaguchi, K. Kanahama","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.198","url":null,"abstract":"A low red (R): far-red (FR) ratio is known to promote flowering of Arabidopsis and several long-day cut flowers, whereas not much information is available on the effects of single light qualities and their combinations on flowering. Therefore, the effects of light quality on the flowering of Gypsophila paniculata were investigated using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting the following lights: FR, R, and blue (B). Flowering and flower budding were observed under long-day conditions with FR, while no flowering was observed under short-day conditions. Promotion of flowering and flower budding was increased under FR supplemented with R compared to FR alone. Although generally R inhibits flowering in long-day plants, a certain intensity of R, for example, the R:FR ratio between 0.23 and 0.71, may be necessary for effective promotion of flowering. In contrast, B supplementation of FR was not effective at the ratio in this study in inducing flowering and flower budding. The quality of cut flowers produced under long-day conditions with LEDs that promoted flowering was not lower than that under incandescent lamps. These results will provide basic knowledge for the development of LED bulbs as a replacement for incandescent bulbs.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of Fig Varieties Resistant to Ceratocystis Canker following Infection with Ceratocystis fimbriata","authors":"A. Hosomi, Y. Miwa, M. Furukawa, M. Kawaradani","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.159","url":null,"abstract":"Ceratocystis canker is caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata and is a serious soil disease affecting fig cultures. ‘Masui Dauphine’ is a major fig variety in Japan and is susceptible to this disease. In the present study, the effect of C. fimbriata infection was tested on the growth of 4 fig varieties, ‘Celeste’, ‘Boldido Negra’, ‘Ischia Black’, and ‘Negronne’. Specifically, the potential of these varieties as a disease-resistant rootstock for ‘Masui Dauphine’ was assessed. Fig cuttings of ‘Celeste’ were grown in 350 mL root boxes with sterilized coarse sand. Inoculation with C. fimbriata immediately inhibited root elongation, reduced the root respiration rate from 2 months after inoculation, and caused lesions in the rootlets. The trees of the 4 varieties tested were grown in 3.5-L pots for 5 months. C. fimbriata inoculation caused slight lesions on the underground part of all 4 varieties. Inoculation did not kill any trees and did not reduce root respiration, except with an unreasonable amount of inoculum. No significant reduction in the weights of leaves, shoots or roots was observed except for ‘Celeste’. ‘Masui Dauphine’ trees on the rootstocks of the 4 varieties tested were grown in 22-L containers for 2 years. C. fimbriata inoculation tended to inhibit scion and root growth, and killed a few trees from the 2nd year, except ‘Negronne’. ‘Masui Dauphine’ trees grafted on the rootstocks of the 4 varieties tested, in addition to 2 susceptible varieties, and ownrooted trees, were grown in the field with ceratocystis canker infection. Trees of the 4 varieties tested showed lower mortality and most survived for 5 years. No year-by-year reduction in scion growth was observed for any rootstock variety. Our results demonstrate that the varieties tested are not truly resistant, but are horizontally resistant to ceratocystis canker. We expect these rootstocks to maintain the scion ‘Masui Dauphine’ despite some continuing damage by disease. Of the varieties tested, ‘Negronne’ is the most resistant.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sodium Chloride on Fusarium Root Rot and Antioxidative Abilities in Asparagus Plants","authors":"T. Okada, Y. Matsubara","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.257","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF, Glomus sp. R10 (Gr) and Gigaspora margarita (GM)] and sodium chloride (NaCl) on Fusarium root rot and antioxidative abilities in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L., ‘Welcome’) plants was investigated. AMF plants accumulated higher dry weight of shoots than non-AMF plants with or without NaCl treatment during 16 weeks after AMF inoculation. Ten weeks after Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi (Foa, MAFF305556, N9-31, SUF1226, and SUF844) inoculation, the incidence and severity of Fusarium root rot were eased in AMF plants; most of the Gr plants showed lower severity than GM. In this case, a synergetic effect in disease suppression occurred in some of the AMF plants treated with NaCl. As for antioxidative ability, SOD activity of shoots and roots increased in most of the Gr plants in both NaCland non-treated plants 10 weeks after Foa inoculation. Gr plants had higher DPPH radical scavenging activity of shoots and roots than nonmycorrhizal plants with or without NaCl, especially 16 weeks after AMF inoculation. Ascorbic acid contents of shoots and roots increased in most of the Gr plants without NaCl treatment both 16 weeks after AMF and 10 weeks after Foa inoculation. From these findings, AMF induced a growth promotion effect and alleviation of Fusarium root rot in asparagus plants, and the synergetic effect of disease suppression could be expected by the combination use of AMF and NaCl. In addition, it supposed that changes in antioxidative ability might be associated with disease reduction in mycorrhizal asparagus plants.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Cost of Horticulture Activities in Older Adults","authors":"Sin-Ae Park, Kwan-Suk Lee, K. Son, C. Shoemaker","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.295","url":null,"abstract":"The exercise intensity of three different horticulture activities (propagating herbs, transplanting, and making a vegetable garden) in older adults was determined. Seventeen older Korean adults (mean age 66.9 ± 2.7 years, body mass index 26.8 ± 3.4) that met the inclusion criteria (over 65 years in age, no uncontrolled chronic diseases, no heart and lung diseases, no pacemaker, and nonsmoking) participated in the study. The subjects visited the Konkuk University campus, Seoul, South Korea two times to complete the horticulture activities during June 2011. Propagating herbs and transplanting were completed in a glasshouse during the first visit, with each activity taking about 20 min. The third activity involved making a vegetable garden and required an average of 25 min during the second visit. Metabolic and heart rates during each activity were determined using a portable calorimetric instrument with a radiotelemetry monitor. Propagating herbs and transplanting were determined to be low intensity physical activities (2.4 ± 0.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) and 2.7 ± 0.5 METs, respectively) while making a vegetable garden was a moderate intensity physical activity (3.7 ± 0.7 METs) for older adults.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"295-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between Surface Blushing and Qualitative Components of Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) ‘Nanko’ Fruit","authors":"Takaaki Oe, N. Sakurai, K. Negoro, Aki Kuwabara, Mieko Okamuro, T. Mitani, Masato Hosohira","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.11","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between surface blushing and the content of qualitative components of the Japanese apricot ‘Nanko’ fruit were investigated. Brightly blushed fruit covering over 25% of its surface had higher levels of citric acid, phenolics, and antioxidant activity in its flesh than non-blushed fruit. Shading apricot fruit from ultraviolet (UV) light for about 3 weeks before harvest produced a clear decrease in surface blushing, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. UV-B irradiation for 12 h to the inner canopy fruit 10 days before harvest resulted in blushing and increased the antioxidant activity. These results showed that brightly blushed fruit was rich in phenolics and antioxidant activity and that UV light played an important role in blushing, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in the Japanese apricot ‘Nanko’ fruit. When fruit shaded from sunlight was exposed to sunlight for about 3 weeks before harvest by cutting off the shoot with leaves around the fruit to increase UV irradiation, surface blushing was caused, and the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in flesh were increased. On the other hand, placing reflecting films under the outer canopy for 40 days had no effect on the development of the bright red color.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of External Quality and Hardness of White Asparagus Spears Produced by Two Different Blanching Methods","authors":"T. Jishi, T. Maeda, H. Araki","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.54","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify the differences between white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears produced by two different blanching methods, the soil-mound method and film-cover method, the external appearance and hardness of spears were examined in forcing culture with two-year-old rootstocks. The blanching method had an obvious influence on the color and tightness of the spear tip. Color in the portion 2 cm below the spear tip was more yellowish in the film-cover method than in the soil-mound method. The spear tips tended to be tighter in the soil-mound method than in the film-cover method. These results suggest that both the spear tip color and tightness might be striking visible features to help us discriminate between the two blanching methods. Spears produced by the soil-mound method were greater in diameter in the upper (4 cm from tip) and middle (10.5 cm from tip) portions, and heavier by weight than those by the film-cover method. Spears boiled for 10 minutes from the soil-mound method were significantly tougher in the upper (4 cm from tip) and middle (10.5 cm from tip) sections than those from the film-cover. Therefore, the blanching method was thought to affect spear hardness, which is closely associated with eating and cooking quality.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}