Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Development of Species-specific SCAR Markers for Identification of Rose Species, Rosa multiflora","authors":"Defeng Zhuang, Yaichiro Aoki, K. Kageyama, H. Fukui","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.78","url":null,"abstract":"It has been attempted to develop multiple resistant rootstock against rose root rot (Pythium helicoides Drechsler) and crown gall disease (Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden, 1902) Young et al., 2001) using tetraploid Rosa multiflora ‘Matsushima No.3’ and R. ‘PEKcougel’. However, hybrid identification based on conventional morphological characteristics is difficult, and establishment of hybrid diagnosis by DNA markers is desired. In this study, we attempted to develop specific DNA markers of R. multiflora. Three hundred 10 mer random oligonucleotide primers were screened, and a unique polymorphic fragment in R. multiflora amplified by OPAK16 primer was identified. This fragment could distinguish between roses with cross-fertilization genealogy with R. multiflora and roses with no relationship with R. multiflora. This specific fragment was cloned, sequenced and converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker–SCAK16, which can amplify a 583 base pair (bp) fragment only in roses with relatedness to R. multiflora. This result indicated that SCAK16583 was a species-specific marker of R. multiflora that could be used in a marker-assisted breeding program for hybrid identification of R. multiflora.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"78-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Light Conditions at the Fruit Truss Accelerate Harvest Time and Enhance Ascorbic Acid Concentration in a Low-truss, High-density Tomato Production System","authors":"M. Johkan, Masayuki Ishii, T. Maruo, L. Na, S. Tsukagoshi, Masa-aki Hojoh, A. Nakaminami, Y. Shinohara","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.317","url":null,"abstract":"Light conditions are poor around the lower trusses of tomato plants in a low truss number, high plant density production system. We determined the effects of leaf rearrangements above the fruit trusses on fruit maturation and quality in tomato plants pinched above the third truss and cultivated under a high-density growing system. Integrated solar radiation at first and second fruit trusses and surface temperature of fruits at second fruit truss were increased in plants treated with leaf rearrangements above the trusses compared with those of the control, and the maturation of fruits at the third truss treated with leaf rearrangement was 4.6 days earlier than that of the control. The concentration of ascorbic acid (AsA) in fruits of plants treated with leaf rearrangement was higher than that of control fruits. However, leaf rearrangement had no effect on yield and Brix of the fruit. These results indicated that higher solar radiation together with leaf rearrangement promoted fruit maturation and increased AsA content in the fruit of lower trusses of tomato plants cultivated under a low truss number, high plant density growing system.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"317-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning and Expression of cDNAs for Biosynthesis of Very-long-chain Fatty Acids, the Precursors for Cuticular Wax Formation, in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Petals","authors":"M. Kawarada, Yoshihiro Nomura, T. Harada, S. Morita, T. Masumura, H. Yamaguchi, K. Tanase, M. Yagi, T. Onozaki, S. Satoh","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.161","url":null,"abstract":"The cuticle, composed of cutin and associated waxes, probably acts as a barrier against water evaporation from the epidermal surface of flower petals. Cuticle formation begins with the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), catalyzed by a fatty acid elongase complex in epidermal cells. In the present study, cDNAs were cloned and analyzed for three enzymes (DcKCR1, DcHCD1, and DcECR1). Combined with the previously obtained cDNA for DcKCS1, the present study completes the identification of cDNAs for the fatty acid elongase complex in ‘Light Pink Barbara’ carnation for the first time. DcKCS1 transcripts were accumulated at flower opening stage (Os) 2 through Os 6 (full opening stage) with slight changes, but decreased markedly at senescence stage (Ss) 2 and Ss 4. Also, transcripts for DcKCR1, DcHCD1, and DcECR1 were present in considerable amounts during flower opening stages from Os 2 to Os 6. These findings suggested that the expressions of four genes are active during flower opening stage, which is concomitant with the expansion growth in petals requiring rapid formation of a waxy cuticle. Cut flowers of ‘Miracle Rouge’ carnation have an extremely long vase-life of about three weeks. The cuticle layer on the epidermal cells of ‘Miracle Rouge’ petals was thinner than that of ‘Light Pink Barbara’ petals, and ‘Miracle Rouge’ flowers had a depressed expression of DcKCS1, DcKCR1, and DcHCD1 in petals. These findings suggested that the prolonged vase-life of ‘Miracle Rouge’ flowers is not related to cuticle formation.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Floral Scent Compounds and Classification by Scent Quality in Tulip Cultivars","authors":"N. Oyama-Okubo, T. Tsuji","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.344","url":null,"abstract":"Floral scents of tulip (Tulipa L.) cultivars are highly diverse, ranging from citrus, honey, or grassy to medicinal. To clarify the diversity of the quality of tulip floral scents, we analyzed the scent compounds of 51 tulip cultivars with characteristic scents. The major scent compounds were five monoterpenoids (eucalyptol, linalool, d-limonene, trans-β-ocimene, and α-pinene), four sesquiterpenoids (caryophyllene, α-farnesene, geranyl acetone, and βionone), six benzenoids (acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT), methyl salicylate, and 2-phenylethanol), and five fatty acid derivatives (decanal, 2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, and octanal). Tulip cultivars were classified into nine groups according to the composition of major scent components and sensory assessment of a living flower: group 1, anise; group 2, citrus; group 3, fruity; group 4, green; group 5, herbal; group 6, herbal-honey; group 7, rosy; group 8, spicy; and group 9, woody.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"344-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Boron and B-pectin Complex Content in the Abscission Zone during Floral and Fruit Abscission in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)","authors":"Keita Tsukahara, H. Iwai, Eri Hamaoka, J. Furukawa, T. Matsunaga, S. Satoh","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.82.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.82.83","url":null,"abstract":"After fruit development has been triggered by pollination, the abscission zone (AZ) in the pedicel strengthens its adhesion to retain the fruit. In tobacco, unpollinated flowers are shed from the AZ, while enlargement of the same tissue occurs in pollinated flowers. The abscission rate depends on effective pollination. In this study, we focused on pectin and boron (B) distribution and their functions in the AZ. B is an essential micronutrient that forms cross-links in pectin, which are important for organ differentiation and maturation. B content and the formation rate of the borate-ester cross-linked rhamnogalacturonan II dimer (dRG-II-B) were measured in tobacco. Expression of NtGUT1, which is important for the formation of dRG-II-B, and the B transporter NtNIP3;1 were analyzed in the peduncle and AZ. To determine B content and dRG-II-B formation rate, the following samples were collected: bud peduncle, bud AZ, fruit peduncle, fruit AZ, and flower AZs, which were treated to prevent pollination or were artificially pollinated. Samples treated in HNO3 were assayed for total B content with ICPMS. Endo-polygalacturonase (EPG)-treated alcohol-insoluble residues were assayed for formation rates of dRGII-B with HPLC. Although there was more total B in fruit AZs than in branches, no differences in total B, watersoluble B, and B relevant to cross-linking with RG-II were found between buds and fruits. The formation rates of dRG-II-B were also the same in peduncles and AZs in both buds and fruits. These have the same characteristics of variation with or without pollination. Expression of both NtGUT1 and NtNIP3;1 was highest in AZs of flowers before opening, however, expression of NtGUT1 in flower AZs without pollination was not significantly different from after artificial pollination. These results suggest that the presence of relatively large amounts of B and pectin is important in structural enhancement of AZs after anthesis, but is not related to abscission with or without pollination.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress on Studies of Chromosome Observation in Deciduous Fruit Trees","authors":"Masashi Yamamoto","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.305","url":null,"abstract":"Information on chromosomes is essential for the progress of genetic and biotechnological studies. In this paper, recent progress on studies of chromosome observation in deciduous fruit trees is reviewed. (1) An enzymatic maceration method, preparing good chromosome samples from plants with small chromosomes, was developed for Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, and Diospyros. (2) Some morphologically similar chromosomes could be distinguished by means of the banding technique using fluorochrome staining in Prunus and Pyrus. In addition, the divergence of chromosome configuration seems to be very low or non-existent in view of fluorescent banding patterns in both genera. (3) The number and location of 5S and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA sites were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, and Diospyros. The sites of retrotransposons were also visualized by FISH in Pyrus. These results provided fundamental information on the chromosomes. Chromosomal location of the S (self-incompatibility) locus in Malus was also revealed by FISH. In Diospyros, the results of FISH as well as genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) offered new findings on the phylogenetic relationships in this genus and chromosome composition of somatic hybrids.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69157089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Carotenoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit","authors":"M. Kato","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.219","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus is a complex source of carotenoids with the largest number of carotenoids found in any fruit. Carotenoid concentration and composition vary greatly among citrus varieties. Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) predominantly accumulates β-cryptoxanthin in the juice sacs. Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) predominantly accumulates violaxanthin isomers in the juice sacs. Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.) accumulates low level of carotenoids in the juice sacs. To elucidate the carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruit maturation, the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism was investigated in the three citrus varieties exhibited different carotenoid profile. The results showed that the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation is highly regulated by the coordination of the expression for the genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism in both flavedo and juice sacs. ‘Tamami’ is a hybrid between ‘Kiyomi’ tangor (Citrus unshiu Marc. × Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and ‘Wilking’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour. × Citrus deliciosa Ten.). To elucidate the mechanism of the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in ‘Tamami’, a variety accumulating higher β-cryptoxanthin than Satsuma mandarin, the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism was investigated in the juice sacs of ‘Tamami’. The results showed that the mechanism of β-cryptoxanthin accumulation in ‘Tamami’ was similar to that in Satsuma mandarin. Furthermore, in the recent studies, possible factors, which regulate carotenoid concentration and composition in citrus juice sacs were investigated in vitro.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"219-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Flower Size: Molecular Basis and Role of Cytokinin","authors":"T. Nishijima","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.129","url":null,"abstract":"Large flower size is an important trait that influences the economic value of floricultural plants. Large flower size is conferred by two morphological changes i.e. increased petal number and individual petal size. Increased petal number is induced by enlargement of the floral meristem or homeotic conversion of stamens and carpels into petals. Genes regulating meristematic competence mediate enlargement of the floral meristem, while floral homeotic genes mediate the homeotic conversion of floral organs. Increased individual petal size is induced by increased cell size or cell number. Polyploidization of the nuclear genome increases petal cell size, while increased petal cell number is induced by enhanced expression of the genes involved in auxin signal transduction and cytokinin biosynthesis. In this review, the molecular mechanisms affecting flower size, elucidated mainly using model plants such as Arabidopsis, are summarized. Further, our research on the roles of cytokinin biosynthesis and signal transduction in increased flower size in petunia, induced by the single major gene Grandiflora, is discussed. Based on these results, a possible systematic breeding method for increasing flower size is discussed.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Blanching Method on Sugar and Protodioscin Contents of White Asparagus Spears","authors":"T. Maeda, T. Jishi, K. Honda, H. Araki, Takashi Suzuki, Masahiko Suzuki","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.166","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, white asparagus spears are grown using two blanching methods to block sunlight: the traditional soil-mound and the film-cover methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the film-cover and soil-mound methods on components of white asparagus spears related to flavor, especially sweetness and bitterness. We investigated the effects of the two blanching methods on sugar (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) and protodioscin (a major furostanol saponin in white spears) contents in white spears by conducting a spring field survey and an experiment using winter-forcing cultures. No significant differences were observed in sugar content or composition in spears cultivated by the two methods in either the field survey or the experiment. Protodioscin content tended to be higher in spears blanched by the soil-mound method than in spears blanched by the film-cover method in both the field survey and the experiment. These results suggest that differences in the flavor of white spears grown using the two blanching methods are caused mainly by bitterness associated with saponin content, and saponin content may be influenced by soil-borne stresses.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Formation Promoted by Paclobutrazol, a Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in pat-2 Parthenocarpic Tomatoes","authors":"H. Ohkawa, S. Sugahara, M. Oda","doi":"10.2503/JJSHS1.81.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.177","url":null,"abstract":"Seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes is sufficiently low for the propagation of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars. To establish the technology to promote seed formation in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato plants, we examined the effects of paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, on seed formation. The parthenocarpic F1 cultivar ‘Renaissance’, that has the homozygote recessive gene pat-2, was treated with paclobutrazol at 0 (control), 0.2, 1, 5, or 25 mg per pot (5.1 L) by irrigation to the culture medium. With increasing application of paclobutrazol, stem diameter increased, while stem length, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit fresh weight decreased. The percentage of fruits with seeds increased with increasing levels of paclobutrazol, and it reached 100% with 1 mg/pot and higher. Seed number per fruit increased from 12 at 0 mg/pot of paclobutrazol to 52 and 74 at 1 and 5 mg/pot, respectively. To confirm the practicality of this technology, the parthenocarpic purebred strain ‘PASK-1’, the seed parent of ‘Renaissance’, was treated with 0 (control), 1, or 5 mg/pot of paclobutrazol. All flowers of ‘PASK-1’ were emasculated before flowering and crossed at flowering with pollen of the parthenocarpic purebred strain ‘PF811K’, the pollen parent of ‘Renaissance’. The percentage of fruits with seeds increased from 59% at 0 mg/pot of paclobutrazol to higher than 95% at 1 and 5 mg/pot. Seed number per fruit increased from 21 at 0 mg/pot of paclobutrazol to 45 and 46 at 1 and 5 mg/pot, respectively. From these results, we concluded that paclobutrazol promotes seed formation in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato plants.","PeriodicalId":17343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2503/JJSHS1.81.177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69156645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}