Effects of the Microspore Development Stage and Cold Pre-treatment of Flower Buds on Embryo Induction in Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Anther Culture

Abstract

The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan Fruit Tree Research Center, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Fukushima 969-0292, Japan Agricultural College, Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre, Yabuki, Fukushima 969-0292, Japan NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan Apple Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Morioka 020-0123, Japan The Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan The Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan