{"title":"A simulation approach for performance evaluation of proposed automated container terminals","authors":"C. I. Liu, H. Jula, Petros A. Ioannou","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948721","url":null,"abstract":"Several high-density automated container terminal (ACT) systems are proposed and designed to meet the future projection made by several ports. A microscopic simulation model is developed and used to simulate the different ACT systems for the same operational scenario. The performance results and characteristics of the ACT systems are used as inputs to a cost model in order to compare their cost for meeting the demand for high capacity. The simulation results show that the proposed ACT systems can meet the future capacity demand of ports by requiring less land and at lower cost depending on various factors, such as the cost of land, labor, etc., that are described and analyzed. The implementation of the proposed automated concepts will require additional studies where the labor issues and concerns about job losses due to automation need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130423560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A feature-based real-time traffic tracking system using spatial filtering","authors":"Xinyu Liu, D. Yao, L. Cao, Lihui Peng, Zuo Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948711","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of traffic parameters has been remaining an important task in ITS. Faced with such a requirement, more and more people resort to vision systems that have been widely installed for monitoring traffic. The paper focuses on the design of a feature-based tracking system, which has an advantage in object segmentation. The method can be briefly described as the following. First, video image data of traffic flow are captured by cameras installed by the roadside; then, features of moving objects are defined and detected; next, during the tracking process, a spatial filter is devised to detect the velocity of the traffic flow. The new position of the object is predicted by using this parameter; finally, these tracked objects are grouped together for segmentation. Simulation results follow for verification.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115687720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a map matching method using the multiple hypothesis technique","authors":"Jong-Sun Pyo, Dongho Shin, T. Sung","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948623","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a map matching method using the multiple hypothesis technique (MHT) to determine a road in probabilistic approach. The MHT is a method to track multiple targets under the clutter environment using a likelihood function. To realize a map matching method using the MHT, pseudo-measurements are generated utilizing adjacent roads of GPS position and the MHT is reformulated as a single target problem. Since pseudo-measurements are generated using digital maps, topological properties such as road connection, direction, and road facility information can be considered by calculating the probabilities of hypotheses. In order to reduce the degradation of the map matching performance by bias errors in the road data in digital maps, a Kalman filter is employed to estimate the bias. Field experimental results show that the proposed map matching method provides a consistent performance even in complex downtown areas, overpass/underpass areas, and in the areas that roads are adjacent in parallel.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123439792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilevel-extension for laserscanners","authors":"V. Willhoeft, K. Fuerstenberg","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948698","url":null,"abstract":"Today's laser range finders are typically either fixed-beam sensors or single-scanline laserscanners. Multilevel-scanners which allow a quasi-3D measurement are under development, but not available today. This paper describes a method to modify single-level laserscanners in order to get multilevel measurements. Two applications in which this technique was successfully used are described.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Gaussian maximum likelihood formulation for short-term forecasting of traffic flow","authors":"Wei-Hua Lin","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948646","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic counts are key data generated by traffic surveillance systems. In predicting traffic flows, it is commonplace to assume that traffic at a given location repeats itself from day to day and the change in traffic happens gradually rather than abruptly. Consequently, many existing models for short-term traffic flow forecasting use historical traffic information, real-time traffic counts, or both. This paper proposes a new model based on the Gaussian maximum likelihood method, which explicitly makes use of both historical information and real-time information in an integrated way. The model considers flows and flow increments jointly and treats them as two random variables represented by two normal distribution functions. Each assumption made in the model is verified against the field data. The physical structure of the model is easy to interpret. Computationally, the model is simple to implement and little effort is required for model calibration. The performance of the proposed model is compared with four other models using field data. The proposed model consistently yields predictions with the smallest absolute deviance and the smallest mean square error.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129391227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mobile detection of traffic infrastructure","authors":"L. Paletta, G. Paar, A. Wimmer","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948730","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mobile mapping system that aims at automatic detection of traffic infrastructure from image sequences. The visual information will be georeferenced with GPS/INS information to represent a most realistic model of the environment in a GIS database. The integration of innovative methods such as vertical structure segmentation and probabilistic object matching provides a qualified framework for the detection of arbitrary traffic infrastructure. The detection of infrastructure starts with a segmentation of the video frame into regions of interest by exploiting track localization and a-priori knowledge about the visual scene. A further step concerns the extraction of 3D structure and the segmentation of its associated distance map w.r.t. vertically accentuated objects. Color information derived from learned classification filters contributes to a characterization of class-specific support regions for further processing. Eventually, traffic signs and lights are robustly identified by probabilistic matching using a RBF neural network that was trained from real imagery of traffic infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vehicle detection in static road images with PCA-and-Wavelet-Based classifier","authors":"Junwen Wu, Xuegong Zhang, Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948752","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting vehicles from static road images is a difficult task since motion information is no longer usable. This paper presents an algorithm for this task with a pattern classifier built on the principal component analysis or PCA technique. Wavelet transform is adopted in feature extraction phase. Experiments on real road images show the effectiveness of this algorithm.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"24 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125671710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of SCOOT outputs at ROMANSE in Southampton","authors":"R. Morris, T. Cherrett","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948628","url":null,"abstract":"The ROMANSE (Road Management System for Europe) Project main objectives have been to influence travels' behaviour by the widespread dissemination of traffic and travel information. These have been achieved through the formation of the Traffic and Travel Information Centre (TTIC), which collects, evaluates and disseminates real-time and predicted information for various modes of transport. Through this process, it is hoped to enhance the efficiency of the network, provide high quality information for strategic decisions, and to encourage a change in modal shift in favour of public transport. The core system in the TTIC is the SCOOT (Split Cycle and Offset Optimisation Technique). SCOOT is a well established method of providing real time adaptive signal control. The City is a core partner in two R&D projects, titled PRIME and PRISCILLA via the DGInfosoc Directorate and both use SCOOT outputs.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131069298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Logistic control for fully automated large scale freight transport systems; event based control for the underground logistic system Schiphol","authors":"A. Verbraeck, C. Versteegt","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948757","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides new concepts for logistic control of highly automated transport systems. Furthermore, some novel characteristics of logistic control are described. The concepts are illustrated by examples from a large research project on a highly automated transport system, the underground logistic system Schiphol (OLS). The most important aspects of the OLS logistic control are decentralization, distribution, and an event-based information exchange between hierarchical control layers. The logistic control developed for the OLS was tested and evaluated by using a combination of simulation and real (scale) models and prototypes of the equipment that will be used within the OLS. It proves to work very well. In current studies the control concepts of the OLS are introduced for other complex transport systems as well. The first results are very positive.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130680608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preferred time-headway of highway drivers","authors":"T. Ayres, Li Li, D. Schleuning, D. Young","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2001.948767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2001.948767","url":null,"abstract":"The preferred time-headway of drivers in highway conditions is related to the likelihood of rear-end collisions. We studied traffic data from a section of southbound highway 101- a heavily commuted eight-lane freeway between San Francisco and the Silicon valley in California. We observed two parameters that drivers regulate during free flow, rush hour, and heavy traffic conditions: (1) the speed of their vehicle; and (2) the time-headway to the preceding vehicle. During free flow traffic, the preferred speeds show low variation within lanes, but large variations from lane to lane. During rush hour traffic, the time-headway between vehicles varies between 1 and 2 s for a range of traffic speeds. For all traffic conditions a lower limit of 1s is seen in time-headway, even when traffic volume does not push drivers toward tight spacing. The lower limit of 1s is consistent with what was found in several previous studies, but is significantly shorter than the 3s headway that is recommended by driving manuals. The short time-headways observed are within the limit of typical reaction time for braking by alert drivers, but probably lead to occasional accidents given variability in reaction times, decisions, and vehicle braking capabilities, especially when preview information is not available.","PeriodicalId":173372,"journal":{"name":"ITSC 2001. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8585)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}