Zhaoyi Zhang , Shiyu Ma , Ziying Yin , Jing Qiu , Zhongtao Hu , Guo-Yang Li , Xi-Qiao Feng , Yanping Cao
{"title":"Unveiling hidden features of acoustic radiation forces in soft tissues via physics-informed neural network-based full shear wave inversion","authors":"Zhaoyi Zhang , Shiyu Ma , Ziying Yin , Jing Qiu , Zhongtao Hu , Guo-Yang Li , Xi-Qiao Feng , Yanping Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The therapeutic efficacy employing mechanical effect of focused ultrasound (FUS) largely depends on precise control of the key features of acoustic radiation force (ARF) including spatial localization, magnitude distribution, and force field geometry. However, the heterogeneous nature of biological tissues poses persistent challenges in quantitative ARF characterization. Here, we report a novel methodology for quantifying focused ARF features by leveraging its mechanical consequences, specifically the shear waves generated by ARF in soft tissues. In our method, full shear wave inversion (FSWI) relying on a deep neural network is performed to reconstruct the otherwise inaccessible shear wave motions when the ARF is active. By integrating physical constraints from wave equations into the deep neural network, our method demonstrates remarkable robustness against noise and superior generalization capabilities in inferring the features of focused ARF. Numerical simulations and tissue-mimicking phantom experiments have been performed to validate this method. The results demonstrate that our approach enables reliable assessment of the ARF focal position, precise spatial mapping of the focal zone geometry, and reasonable quantification of ARF magnitude, which were not achievable with previous methods. Our method enhances precision in treatment planning while enabling dynamic intraoperative therapy tracking, thereby may promote the use of FUS across diverse clinical settings, including transcranial ultrasound (TUS) neuromodulation and the stimulation of endogenous immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Feng , Jinhui Chen , Jie-Wei Wong , Siyang Li , Zhikun Miao , Zhe Wang , Xinge Li , Jiasheng Cao , Yaoting Xue , Xuxu Yang , Mingchao Liu , Tiefeng Li
{"title":"Twist-Induced bifurcation and path manipulation in compressed ribbons","authors":"Tao Feng , Jinhui Chen , Jie-Wei Wong , Siyang Li , Zhikun Miao , Zhe Wang , Xinge Li , Jiasheng Cao , Yaoting Xue , Xuxu Yang , Mingchao Liu , Tiefeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear behaviour of ribbons subjected to coaxial compression and twisting through theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches. Using anisotropic Kirchhoff rod theory and continuation techniques, we construct global bifurcation diagrams and identify stability transition points via the conjugate-point test. Here, we show that the twist induces supercritical pitchfork bifurcations in ribbons, giving rise to a rich landscape of multi-stability with up to four coexisting stable states. With increasing twist, we observe stability transitions between the fundamental and second Euler buckling modes. Moreover, gravity triggers a global bifurcation reconstruction characterized by the emergence of saddle-node bifurcations. These gravity-induced transformations allow for multiple, controllable snap-through pathways between stable states. We extend a mixed-curvature-based numerical optimization method to predict snap-through destinations and propose a general path-planning framework to navigate between stable configurations. Experiments on ribbons with varied aspect ratios corroborate the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the viability of programmable transitions in multi-stable systems. Our findings provide new insights into bifurcation and snap-through behaviour in slender structures, with potential applications in mechanical metamaterials, flexible electronics, and soft robotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106328"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timofei Rostilov , Sergei Ananev , Vadim Ziborov , Alexander Dolgoborodov , Galina Vakorina , Leonid Grishin
{"title":"Shock waves in pressed aluminum nanopowder","authors":"Timofei Rostilov , Sergei Ananev , Vadim Ziborov , Alexander Dolgoborodov , Galina Vakorina , Leonid Grishin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic behavior of the pressed aluminum nanopowder of 29 % porosity is studied in plate impact experiments at shock pressures and strain rates up to ∼2 GPa and 10<sup>7</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The purpose of this work is to explore the effect of the extremely small size of powder grains (100-150 nm on average) on the shock response of this nanomaterial. The two-step structure of propagating shock compaction waves is captured using a laser velocimetry technique. The parameters characterizing the structure of the main compaction wave, maximum strain rate and rise time, are affected by the ultrafine porous structure. The power law relationship between the maximum strain rate within the main wave and the pressure jump within it <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mi>˙</mi></mover><mo>∼</mo><msubsup><mi>p</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mn>3.8</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> describes the collected experimental data. The obtained exponent for the tested nanoporous material is close to four which characterizes the shock structure in dense metals, while the exponent values are much smaller for microporous media. This result agrees well with existing model predictions for aluminum with ultrasmall pores shocked to relatively low pressures. A comparative analysis outlined how the properties of the porous structure of aluminum materials influence the longitudinal sound velocity and the parameters of the precursor wave propagating ahead of the main compaction wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiapeng You , Junyi Zhang , Baosheng Yang , Chong Wang , Zishun Liu
{"title":"Damage mechanism insights into double network hydrogels: Predicting cyclic loading behaviors via monotonic loading","authors":"Jiapeng You , Junyi Zhang , Baosheng Yang , Chong Wang , Zishun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the internal fracture process of the double network hydrogels (DN gels), the coupling effect between the two networks impacts excellent tensile properties and energy dissipation capabilities to the DN gels. To better understand this coupling effect and uncover the underlying damage mechanism of DN gels, it is important to study their loading behaviors. In this study, we investigate the effects of the network composition on the deformation modes under monotonic loading and fracture toughness of the DN gels. The deformation modes are categorized into five types. Among these, we find that the “Ductile & Necking” DN gels exhibit both high fracture toughness and high fracture strain. We then propose a damage model to predict the cyclic loading behaviors of the “Ductile & Necking” DN gels based on monotonic loading. The damage model quantitatively captures the stress-strain relationship and the dissipated energy density of DN gels during cyclic loading. Furthermore, the proposed damage model is validated and extended to DN gels with various physical and chemical network structures, showing good agreements with experimental results. This study establishes a connection between monotonic loading and cyclic loading behaviors in DN gels through the proposed damage model, providing deeper insights into their damage mechanisms. Additionally, it offers valuable guidance for the synthesis and design of soft materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mechanochemical model for dynamic deformation and adaptive stiffening of cell nuclei","authors":"Wenying Luo , Bo Li , Xi-Qiao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell nuclei constantly experience intracellular and extracellular forces, which can significantly influence nuclear morphologies, structures, and functions. Lamin proteins, as a structural component of the nuclear envelope, are mechanosensitive and can remodel to change the rigidity of the nuclear envelope through reaction–diffusion dynamics, displaying intricate mechanochemical interplay. Here, we propose a mechanochemical model to investigate the adaptive dynamics of cell nuclei under mechanical forces. We show that localized pushing forces may cause nuclear invagination while trigger lamin assembly or disassembly, depending on the mechanosensitivity of cells. This mechanochemical remodeling enables nuclei to stiffen adaptively, preventing large deformation and rupture. The loading timescale is found to influence nuclear dynamics, where active nuclear stiffening takes place when the external loading rate is comparable to or slower than the mechanosensitive response rate of lamins. Moreover, the mechanical properties of chromatin significantly contribute to nuclear responses. Our results explain morphological evolution and lamin dynamics observed in nuclear experiments and could provide a framework for decoding the mechanochemical mechanisms in nuclear responses and other physiological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando D. León-Cázares, Xiaowang Zhou, Coleman Alleman, Chris San Marchi
{"title":"Dislocation nano-hydrides in nickel: Nucleation, evolution and effects on dislocation behaviors","authors":"Fernando D. León-Cázares, Xiaowang Zhou, Coleman Alleman, Chris San Marchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano-hydrides have been predicted to precipitate at the core of edge dislocations in the Ni-H system, a mechanism that may promote hydrogen embrittlement. However, nano-hydride nucleation, growth, and effects on dislocation behavior have seldom been explored. This work combines molecular dynamics grand canonical Monte Carlo (MD-GCMC) simulations and continuum modeling to uncover a wide range of phenomena linked to dislocation nano-hydrides. Simulations reveal that nano-hydrides can be stabilized at dislocation cores with all character angles, including screw segments, due to the hydrostatic stresses around the cores of the Shockley partials. Nano-hydride nucleation takes place in these regions, and growth is dictated by the character angle <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span> of the perfect dislocation. The equilibrium stacking fault width <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> varies dynamically to increase the local hydrostatic stress field and facilitate the formation of the nano-hydride, forming a constriction-like feature and leading to three distinct behaviors: <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> decreases for <span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>></mo><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> remains unchanged for <span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>eq</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increases for <span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo><</mo><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>. Remote hydrostatic and Escaig stresses are also shown to influence the nucleation stage, implying stress concentrations such as those ahead of crack tips may facilitate nano-hydride precipitation. Moreover, we identify a new hydrogen-induced <span><math><mrow><mn>60</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> dislocation reaction that emits a Shockley partial on a conjugate plane, with potential implications for twin nucleation. Testable predictions from this study are then used to reinterpret previous results from the literature. These findings provide a comprehensive framework to assess nano-hydride formation and evolution at dislocations in nickel and other face-centered cubic metals, with important implications to hydrogen embrittlement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZeZhou He , ZiChen Huang , Xiaohao Sun , YinBo Zhu , HengAn Wu , Huajian Gao
{"title":"Generalized elastica theory for multilayered van der Waals materials: Morphological transformations and deformability","authors":"ZeZhou He , ZiChen Huang , Xiaohao Sun , YinBo Zhu , HengAn Wu , Huajian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilayered van der Waals materials (MvMs) are transforming advanced materials and device engineering. However, their mechanical complexity—arising from the interplay of monolayer bending, interlayer interactions, and intralayer elasticity—remains poorly understood. To address this, we develop a generalized elastica model that incorporates geometric nonlinearity, intralayer elasticity, and interlayer sliding, governed by two dimensionless parameters: the normalized shear-lag and shear-bending coefficients. Under specified loading and boundary conditions, such as a prescribed mean curvature, the model predicts four characteristic morphologies: smooth bending, interlayer sliding, local delamination, and kink formation, following a set of morphology diagrams in terms of the two governing parameters. Moreover, we introduce a dimensionless factor to quantify the deformability of MvMs, offering a metric for tailoring their mechanical response. The model is validated against coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of an MvM cantilever subjected to midpoint indentation. This work establishes a robust theoretical framework for understanding the fundamental constitutive behaviors of MvMs and provides rational design principles for optimizing MvM-based functional structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixing polymers and polymer networks for topological adhesion","authors":"Jiatai Sun , Qihan Liu , Jiawei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesion between polymer networks is important for a wide range of medical applications. Established adhesion methods mostly focus on the chemical design of interfacial bonds to connect two polymer networks. By contrast, a recently developed adhesion method, called <em>topological adhesion</em>, uses an in situ gelated polymer network to connect two polymer networks through topological entanglement. The prerequisite of topological adhesion is the mixing of polymers and polymer networks. Understanding the mixing process and conditions will guide the design of topological adhesion systems to meet diverse adhesion requirements and situations. In this paper, we combine theoretical modeling and experiments to study the mixing of polymers with polymer networks. We take a thermodynamic approach to develop the mixing model and determine the concentration of mixing polymers under various material parameters of polymers and polymer networks. We first study two limiting cases in which the mixing polymer is one monomer long and infinitely long. We then provide a set of results on the general mixing cases. We further conduct polymer-hydrogel mixing experiments and characterize the mixing concentration in the hydrogel. The experiment results agree well with the theoretical prediction, except for cases with extremely low polymer concentrations. We finally discuss the design guidelines for enhancing the mixing of polymers and polymer networks for topological adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106321"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Size-dependent instabilities in highly deformable strain-gradient materials","authors":"Jun Wang , Berkin Dortdivanlioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buckling, wrinkling, and period doubling are commonly observed in soft materials and are often leveraged for functional and design purposes. However, accurately predicting these instabilities at small scales requires accounting for size effects – particularly the emergence of strain gradients – which are absent in classical continuum theories due to their lack of intrinsic length scales. Although these instabilities have been extensively studied using classical theories, such approaches may not fully capture their size-dependent onset and evolution. Moreover, numerical modeling of size effects in highly deformable materials remains largely unexplored. Here, we develop a variational-based computational framework to study mechanical instabilities in hyperelastic strain-gradient materials using isogeometric finite element method and demonstrate the emerging size effects at finite-sized soft domains at large deformations. Additionally, we derive an analytical solution for size-dependent buckling of slender beams, explicitly accounting for Poisson’s ratio, to verify our framework. Through a nonlinear stability analysis of beams and film–substrate systems, we quantify the onset and pattern formation for size-dependent beam buckling, bilayer wrinkling, and period-doubling instabilities—commonly observed and leveraged in soft material applications. Our simulations reveal that incorporating the length scale parameter not only delays the onset of these instabilities but also alters the post-instability pattern evolution. Notably, stiffer strain gradients can shift the instability nature from supercritical to subcritical, including sudden jumps in the equilibrium response once the critical threshold is crossed, and can even suppress certain instabilities entirely. We further demonstrate how the spatial variation of strain changes across buckled configurations and evaluate how instabilities can be used to induce large strain gradients. Our simulations also reveal pronounced stress localization near boundaries, highlighting the critical role of higher-order effects in small-scale soft materials. These insights offer a computational foundation for further understanding, designing, and actively controlling strain-gradient phenomena in soft materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mostafa Karami , Patricia A. Carvalho , Anette E. Gunnæs , Ole M. Løvvik , Xian Chen
{"title":"Grain boundary compatibility and its impact on the reversibility of superelastic micropillars","authors":"Mostafa Karami , Patricia A. Carvalho , Anette E. Gunnæs , Ole M. Løvvik , Xian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical reversibility of stress-induced martensitic transformations is critical for the functional durability of superelastic materials, particularly at small scale. This study investigates the impact of grain boundary (GB) compatibility on the mechanical reversibility of martensitic transformations in bicrystal Cu<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>67</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Al<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>24</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Mn<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> micropillars. By combining the geometrically nonlinear theory with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanomechanical compression experiments, we demonstrate that the crystallographic orientation and geometric coherence of GBs play a decisive role in transformation reversibility. Micropillars with GBs satisfying a necessary condition for rank-one connections between twin laminates exhibit diffuse GB morphology and recoverable transformation strains over 10,000 cycles. The findings validate recent theoretical predictions on kinematic compatibility in polycrystalline systems with non-transforming defects. The rank-one criterion underlies a design strategy for polycrystalline superelastic alloys to achieve high fatigue-resistant without altering chemical composition. The theoretical framework opens new directions for advancing microstructural design in shape memory alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106309"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}