Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids最新文献

{"title":"Anomalous quasiplasticity, spallation, and thermal damage in fused silica under laser-induced quadruple stress waves and multi-field coupling effects","authors":"Dinghuai Yang ,&nbsp;Zhichao Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Cheng ,&nbsp;Mingjun Chen ,&nbsp;Linjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Geng ,&nbsp;Yazhou Sun ,&nbsp;Qiao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spallation and thermal damage limit the application of fused silica under extremely intense lasers. Herein, the unclear underlying mechanisms, including extreme-irradiation-induced plasticity-related behaviors were studied based on first-constructed cross-scale models, molecular dynamics simulation, and multimodal characterization. Material spallation originated from the anomalous “quasiplasticity” and phased propagation of micro-cracks under quadruplex elastoplastic waves. Although the fastest primary wave could not cause macroscopic deformation, it could lead to micro-plasticity phenomena (ring-structure transformation and point-defect proliferation) due to material phase transformation and destabilizing effects. Subsequently, conjugate secondary and head elastoplastic waves governed initialization processes of micro-cracks, where primary-wave-induced E’-Center and NBOHC defects played roles of “damage precursors”. Concomitantly, transitional deformation zones containing massive strip-like-distributed cavities (similar to “immature” micro-cracks) were generated around micro-cracks. There was a cascading evolution process of point defects, cavities, and micro-cracks under phased energy input from waves, causing an anomalous “quasiplasticity” process within brittle fused silica. It differs from transient fracture processes of brittle materials. Finally, the Rayleigh waves trapped on surfaces attracted micro-cracks towards them, causing disastrous surface damage. The thermal damage originated from the volcanic vents formed within 3∼4 ns, which was induced under the comprehensive action of the impact of elastoplastic waves, cascading solid-liquid-gas phase transition, GPa-level pressure difference between ablated zones and air, and fluidic flow disturbances. The whole time-evolution sequence axis diagram of the material failure process was drawn based on these. Summarily, this work could offer novel insights into the anomalous “quasiplasticity”, spallation, and thermal damage phenomena of fused silica under intense lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106445"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A viscoelastic micro-stretch theory for monodomain nematic liquid crystal elastomers","authors":"Yuefeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Zengting Xu ,&nbsp;Rui Xiao ,&nbsp;Sanjay Govindjee ,&nbsp;Thao D. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) combine the anisotropic self-ordering behavior of liquid crystals with the dissipative viscoelastic behavior of elastomers. This combination produces unique behaviors, including a large strain response to cooling past the nematic–isotropic transition temperature, rate-dependent soft stress response, and enhanced dissipation compared to traditional elastomers. To capture these phenomena, we develop a finite-deformation viscoelastic micro-stretch theory for monodomain nematic elastomers, which describes the coupled mechanisms of viscous mesogen ordering, viscous director rotation, and viscoelastic network deformation. We then specialize the general theory to model the thermomechanical behavior of uniaxial nematic elastomers, and examine its predictions through material-point and boundary-value computations. The latter employs a finite element framework that includes the Frank-like energy terms. The numerical examples explore the thermal deformation response to temperature cycling across the nematic–isotropic transition at different temperature scan rates and mechanical pre-loads, as well as the isothermal uniaxial tension stress response. We further present new experimental results that investigate the effect of mechanical loading on thermally driven phase transformations. These experiments reveal an unexpected phenomenon wherein samples cooled into the nematic state under a perpendicular pre-load exhibit a dramatic mode switch in their anisotropic thermal deformation response. The proposed model successfully predicts this effect and further provides a plausible microstructural explanation. Altogether, these studies demonstrate the rich and complex phenomena that emerge from the full coupling of the evolving scalar order parameter, rotating director, and mechanical deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition from coupling to friction at the interface of large-twist-angle bilayer graphene","authors":"Qiancheng Ren ,&nbsp;Yilan Xu ,&nbsp;Jinglan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaochu Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Fang ,&nbsp;Pei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of a solid interface from coupling to friction and its mechanisms still face challenges. Here, we use large-twist-angle bilayer graphene combined with isotope-labeling-assisted Raman spectroscopy to measure the mechanical behaviors of its two layers from coupling to friction. Results show that as the strain of the bottom graphene layer increases, the interfacial interaction gradually weakens from the edge region and finally achieves the superlubricity state. A modified multi-adhesive shear-lag model is established based on the experiments, and its numerical analysis supports the experimental data. Molecular simulations demonstrate that after a critical strain, the interfacial force of large-twist-angle bilayer graphene decreases rapidly to enter the multiple adhesive state and finally stabilizes for friction, attributed to the generation and movements of interfacial dislocations, which reduce the interfacial interaction and promote the layer sliding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variational phase-field modeling of cohesive fracture with flexibly tunable strength surface","authors":"F. Vicentini,&nbsp;J. Heinzmann,&nbsp;P. Carrara,&nbsp;L. De Lorenzis","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variational phase-field models of brittle fracture are powerful tools for studying Griffith-type crack propagation in complex scenarios. However, as approximations of Griffith’s theory — which does not incorporate a strength criterion — these models lack flexibility in prescribing material-specific strength surfaces. Consequently, they struggle to accurately capture crack nucleation under multiaxial stress conditions. In this paper, inspired by Alessi et al. (2014), we propose a variational phase-field model that approximates cohesive fracture. The model accommodates an arbitrary (convex) strength surface, independent of the regularization length scale, and allows for flexible tuning of the cohesive response. Our formulation results in sharp cohesive cracks and naturally enforces a sharp non-interpenetration condition, thereby eliminating the need for additional energy decomposition strategies. It inherently satisfies stress softening and produces ”crack-like” residual stresses by construction. To ensure strain hardening, the ratio of the regularization length to the material’s cohesive length must be sufficiently small; however, if crack nucleation is desired, this ratio must also be large enough to make the homogeneous damaged state unstable. We investigate the model in one and three dimensions, establishing first- and second-order stability results. The theoretical findings are validated through numerical simulations using the finite element method, employing standard discretization and solution techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106424"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmotic control of the spacing of parallel shear cracks in shale growing subcritically in geologic past","authors":"Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Anh T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hoang T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Zdeněk P. Bažant","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geological genesis of natural cracks in sedimentary rocks such as shale is a problem that needs to be understood to improve the technology of hydraulic fracturing as well as deep sequestration of harmful fluids. Why are the vertical natural cracks roughly parallel and equidistant, and why is the spacing roughly 10 cm rather than 1 cm or 100 cm? Fracture mechanics of critical cracks cannot answer this question. Neither can the material heterogeneity. The growth of critical parallel cracks is impossible because the relative crack face displacements would immediately localize into one crack, leading to an earthquake. The cracks must have formed, on the tectonic time scale, by a slow growth of subcritical shear cracks governed by the Charles-Evans law. The idea advanced here is that what controls the crack spacing is the balance between the reduction, due to shear dilatancy, of the concentration of ions such as Na<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and Cl<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> in each fracture process zone (PFZ), which decelerates the cracks, and the restoration of ion concentration by diffusion of ions from the space between the cracks into the FPZ. This diffusion of water is driven mainly by the osmotic pressure gradient, which offsets the deceleration and depends strongly on the crack spacing. A simple analytical solution of the steady state is rendered possible by approximating the ion concentration profiles between adjacent cracks by parabolic arcs. Applying this theory to Woodford shale yields the approximate crack spacing of 10 cm, which is realistic. The stability of unlimited parallel mode II frictional crack growth is proven by examining the second variation of the free energy. Water concentration drop in the FPZ due to shear dilatancy and its restoration by water diffusion from the inter-crack space have similar effect, although probably much weaker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled thermo-hydrodynamic-mechanical peridynamics for thermal fluid-solid interactions with fracturing","authors":"Changyi Yang ,&nbsp;Jidong Zhao ,&nbsp;Fan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a thermo-hydrodynamic-mechanical (THM) peridynamics (PD) method for thermal fluid-solid interaction (FSI) involving fracturing in solids. Both fluid and solid materials are treated using the PD formulation. For solids, we employ a total-Lagrangian description consistent with classical PD, while for fluids, we develop a semi-Lagrangian approach with non-local operators to solve the Navier-Stokes equations under large deformations. The coupling method is achieved through a simple yet efficient two-way fictitious point method, ensuring accurate thermal and mechanical coupling across moving interfaces as discontinuities evolve. This approach also facilitates fluid flow through openings between crack surfaces. The THM PD framework is validated through various multi-physics simulations, including natural and mixed convection, quenching processes, and the injection of cold water into hot dry rock. These examples demonstrate its robust capabilities for modeling complex thermal FSI problems with evolving discontinuities. This framework bridges the application gap of PD in solids and fluids, allowing us to solve multi-physics problems using a single solver.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability of vascular bilayer reveals the protective role of connective tissue","authors":"Dong Wu ,&nbsp;Benzhu Guo ,&nbsp;Yafei Yin ,&nbsp;Shuai Zuo ,&nbsp;Hongshuai Lei ,&nbsp;Zeang Zhao ,&nbsp;Daining Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological vessels are often enveloped by connective tissues that exhibit markedly different mechanical properties from the vessel wall, including high compressibility and nonlinear strain stiffening. While these composite structures are ubiquitous in soft tissue systems, the role of surrounding connective tissue in modulating vascular buckling behavior remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop a theoretical framework to investigate how connective tissue regulate mechanical stability in bilayer vessel–tissue systems. Moving beyond conventional models that assume homogeneous and incompressible materials, we introduce a more physiologically representative structure composed of a compliant, compressible outer tissue layer enclosing a stiff, incompressible vascular core. A bifurcation analysis based on incremental theory is performed to predict critical buckling performance, with results validated by both experiments and finite element simulations. The results reveal that connective tissue’s compressibility substantially increases the buckling threshold by redistributing stress across the interface and mitigating stress concentration within the vessel layer. Furthermore, comparison with actual aortic tissue reveals a stress-deconcentrating mechanism that enhances the structural resistance to buckling, a behavior not captured by idealized neoHookean models. These findings might provide mechanistic insights into tissue-mediated buckling suppression and offer design guidelines in soft biological interfaces and vascular-mimetic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106466"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to interface sliding and effects on detachment of directly-bonded pillars","authors":"Ranny R. Zhao,&nbsp;Kevin T. Turner,&nbsp;John L. Bassani","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface force-mediated adhesion, e.g. via van der Waals intermolecular forces, can lead to direct bonding between two bulk solids, but many analyses of this phenomenon only consider normal surface stresses. However, when finite size effects are accounted for, an interface shear traction generally arises from a mismatch in Poisson contraction, which can reduce the interface adhesion significantly from its ideal strength. The underlying mechanism of detachment is crack propagation along the interface. The understanding of the interplay between normal and shear surface stresses unlocks opportunities to control interfacial strength and toughness in various applications, including micro-transfer printing, MEMS/NEMS, manufacturing advanced 3D integrated circuits, and robotic grippers. We propose potential-based, coupled normal and shear traction-separation-sliding relations (TSSRs) and show that cohesive shear stresses have a significant effect of the detachment force and behavior of adhered pillars. Detailed finite element simulations utilizing cohesive elements based on the coupled TSSR are used to study the failure mechanism of an elastic pillar adhered to a rigid substrate. The effects of coupled normal and shear cohesive stresses are investigated in detail. A non-dimensional parameter, which incorporates the effect of cohesive shear stresses, is defined to describe the transition between strength-based failure and fracture-based failure. Preliminary experiments demonstrate how the TSSR properties can be determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive-manufacturing repair towards restoring fatigue performance of metallic component: Experiment and phase-field model prediction","authors":"Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Shen Sun ,&nbsp;Liucheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Marco Paggi ,&nbsp;Min Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is increasingly employed as an in-situ repair technique for restoring the structural integrity and fatigue performance of metallic components. The fatigue and fracture behavior of LAM repaired components are significantly affected by defects introduced during the repair process, which poses challenges for predicting fatigue properties after LAM repair. Herein, we demonstrate the fatigue strength enhancement and fatigue crack growth (FCG) mechanisms in LAM repaired titanium-alloy blades by integrating vibration-based bending fatigue experiments with phase-field modeling (PFM). It is found that LAM repair of the notched TC17 forged blade could improve the fatigue strength by 94%. Fatigue cracks are revealed to initiate at internal defects within the LAM repair and propagate along transgranular paths influenced by defect clusters, deviating from the surface-initiated cracks in the forged counterparts. X-ray computed tomography reveals that the defect is dominated by small pores, with over 80% exhibiting an equivalent diameter below 60 µm. Furthermore, a macroscopic PFM incorporating fatigue life model that considers repair-induced pore defects is applied to predict the fatigue performance after LAM repair. Phase-field simulation results are shown to agree well with the experimental ones in terms of fatigue strength (error  &lt;  6%), critical crack length (error  &lt;  8%), and fracture surface morphology. Impact of defect features, material and model parameters on fatigue properties are investigated using our PFM, and the repair-induced pore size is shown to govern fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior of LAM repaired blade. Our work highlights the governing role of LAM repair-induced pore defects in high-cycle fatigue performance and enables a predictive PFM framework applicable to the fatigue evaluation of LAM repaired metallic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of hardening and void shape on the plasticity of porous solids under cyclic loadings including shear","authors":"François Roubaud ,&nbsp;Cihan Tekoğlu ,&nbsp;Almahdi Remmal ,&nbsp;Léo Morin ,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Leblond","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this work is to study the effect of cyclic loadings including shear on the ductile behavior of porous materials. We use the recent model of Roubaud et al. (2024), based on the sequential limit-analysis of an ellipsoidal cell containing an ellipsoidal cavity, in which the heterogeneous distribution of hardening is accounted for by considering a finite number of ellipsoidal layers. The model is implemented numerically in order to study the combined effects of hardening and void shape on cyclic ductile behavior. The predictions of the model are compared to finite element micromechanical unit-cell calculations with initially spherical voids, for various loading cases and hardening laws. Under cyclic loadings at low stress triaxiality levels, significant ratcheting effects in porosity, void shape and void orientation are observed. Overall, the predictions of the model are in agreement with the results of unit-cell calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106415"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145478104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}