{"title":"Moisture-driven failure mechanisms in historical paintings: A phase-field approach","authors":"Francesco Freddi, Lorenzo Mingazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Craquelure significantly impacts the aesthetic and structural integrity of historical paintings. This study proposes a modeling strategy to simulate failure mechanisms in historical paintings subjected to humidity fluctuations. A simplified two-dimensional framework is proposed, where moisture diffusion is modeled within the painting, represented as two elastic-brittle solids connected through a cohesive interface. Two phase field fracture approaches are utilized: one simulates crack initiation and propagation within the paint layer, while the other describes adhesion at the interface. The model incorporates the interactions among the critical layers-canvas, rabbit skin glue, and paint-accounting for humidity-dependent changes in material properties and moisture-induced expansion. Numerical simulations under various scenarios demonstrate that the model effectively reproduces the complex failure mechanisms characteristic of craquelure, providing insight into moisture-driven degradation processes. This model can help design preventive conservation strategies that support the long-term preservation of cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuanglong Geng, Yiyu Zhang, Kai Zhang, Bailin Zheng
{"title":"Mechanistic modeling of SEI-induced capacity fade in cell under external loads","authors":"Shuanglong Geng, Yiyu Zhang, Kai Zhang, Bailin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of battery technology, batteries are gradually evolving from purely energy storage systems to integrated structures that combine both load-bearing and energy storage functions. This trend is particularly evident in the cell-to-chassis technology used in EV, which requires batteries to withstand mechanical loads. Numerous experimental studies have shown that batteries under certain pressures can suppress capacity degradation, but the analysis models for the degradation mechanisms remain incomplete. Considering that battery capacity degradation is mainly caused by the loss of reversible lithium due to the formation and growth of the SEI film, this study attributes the changes in the battery under external loads to modifications in the battery configuration and the redistribution of stress in the active particles, which in turn causes changes in the multi-physical field relationships. Based on the redistribution of stress on the active particles, a crack propagation model is used to calculate the new surface area generated by cracks in the active particles. The currents of electrochemical reactions, including side reactions, occurring on the active particle surface are then corrected based on this new surface area. Furthermore, this study also develops an SEI growth model that takes stress effects into account and modifies the electrode conductivity and diffusion coefficient under configuration changes. By combining configuration changes and stress redistribution, a multi-physics heterogeneous battery unit model is constructed to analyze the SEI formation and growth process under external loading. The results show that configuration changes alter the transport capabilities of ions and electrons, leading to a decrease in ion concentration for surface reactions. Additionally, stress redistribution reduces the side reaction current on the active particle surface and crack propagation, thereby suppressing SEI formation and growth, and reducing the consumption of reversible lithium. This model provides a theoretical basis for capacity loss under external loading and offers new guidance for the design of novel multifunctional energy storage structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the elastic stability of peridynamic material models in two-dimensional deformations","authors":"Hengjie Liu , Ziguang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peridynamics has emerged as a powerful nonlocal framework for modeling material behavior, particularly in the context of damage evolution and fracture mechanics. Building upon Silling’s energy minimization criterion for assessing the stability of peridynamic correspondence materials, this work extends Hill’s stability criterion to the nonlocal framework, and establishes a generalized energy-based stability criterion for peridynamics. Based on this criterion, we propose a novel and concise method for verifying the material stability of linearized peridynamic models even without requiring material isotropy. For isotropic peridynamic materials, we conduct a rigorous examination of the linearized displacement field under finite deformation. From this analysis, we derive fundamental conditions for linear stability and prove several key theorems revealing : (1) the fundamental role of Poisson’s ratio in determining stability; (2) that linear stability is independent of the influence function; and (3) that linear stability depends exclusively on the singular values of the deformation gradient. We demonstrate that the proposed stability criterion is fully characterized by the positive definiteness of a specific tangent modulus tensor, which enables stability analysis via its eigenvalues. By applying the Sylvester criterion, we precisely delineate the stability region in deformation gradient parameter space and systematically investigate its parametric dependence on Poisson’s ratio. Our theoretical framework reveals a fundamental dichotomy: materials with low Poisson’s ratios are more prone to instability under shear deformations, whereas those with high Poisson’s ratios are more susceptible to instability under volumetric compression. These theoretical predictions are systematically validated through computational experiments, demonstrating strong agreement between analytical results and numerical simulations. This work not only deepens the fundamental understanding of stability in peridynamic material models but also delineates the applicability limits of peridynamics under finite deformation, offering valuable insights for the development of robust constitutive models in future peridynamic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and computation of the effective elastic behavior of parallelogram origami metamaterials","authors":"Hu Xu , Frédéric Marazzato , Paul Plucinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Origami metamaterials made of repeating unit cells of parallelogram panels joined at folds dramatically change their shape through a collective motion of their cells. Here we develop an effective elastic model and numerical method to study the large deformation response of these metamaterials under a broad class of loads. The model builds on an effective plate theory derived in our prior work (Xu et al., 2024). The theory captures the overall shape change of all slightly stressed parallelogram origami deformations through nonlinear geometric compatibility constraints that couple the origami’s (cell averaged) effective deformation to an auxiliary angle field quantifying its cell-by-cell actuation. It also assigns to each such origami deformation a plate energy associated to these effective fields. Seeking a constitutive model that is faithful to the theory but also practical to simulate, we relax the geometric constraints via corresponding elastic energy penalties; we also simplify the plate energy density to embrace its essential character as a regularization to the geometric penalties. The resulting model for parallelogram origami is a generalized elastic continuum that is nonlinear in the effective deformation gradient and angle field and regularized by high-order gradients thereof. We provide a finite element formulation of this model using the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> interior penalty method to handle second gradients of deformation, and implement it using the open source computing platform <span>Firedrake</span>. We end by using the model and numerical method to study two canonical parallelogram origami patterns, in Miura and Eggbox origami, under a variety of loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting finite deformation poromechanics: Deriving a nonlinear Biot coefficient from first principles","authors":"John T. Foster , Xiao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel framework that integrates mixture theory with finite deformation poromechanics to derive a nonlinear Biot coefficient from first principles, eliminating the need for constitutive assumptions prevalent in prior formulations. By applying the extended Hamilton’s principle to a binary mixture of solid and fluid phases, we fully account for finite deformations and employ a Legendre transformation to shift the internal energy dependence from specific volume to pressure. This approach naturally yields a new nonlinear form of the Biot coefficient that is shown to reduce to the classical Biot coefficient under small deformations. Our method provides a clear physical interpretation of the Biot coefficient as a measure of the solid’s specific volume change with respect to skeleton deformation at constant pore pressure. This work bridges mixture theory and finite deformation poromechanics, offering a fundamental derivation that enhances the understanding and applicability of poromechanical models in large deformation scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106263"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Xiang , Meng Song , Haitao Zhao , Qizhi Zhu , Ming Jin , Jiaping Liu
{"title":"A novel two-scale microcrack band damage model for quasi-brittle materials","authors":"Yu Xiang , Meng Song , Haitao Zhao , Qizhi Zhu , Ming Jin , Jiaping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase-field fracture models generally encounter the challenge of missing fracture propcess zones caused by the regularization of sharp crack topology and lack efficient calibration methods for the energetic degradation process. To address the limitations, this work develops a two-scale microcrack band damage model that integrates the phase-field model and micromechanical damage model. The macroscale crack surface is explicitly defined by the equivalent transformation of microcrack distribution, rather than the regularization of sharp crack topology. Within the thermodynamic framework, an energy minimization damage evolution law with the microcrack density parameter as the internal variable is established. In the model, the geometric distribution process fully represents the damage distribution within the fracture process zone, and its width depends on the allowable microcrack density parameter of the material. The correlation between macroscopic elastic stiffness and microcrack density parameter is achieved using a homogenization method, which calibrates the energetic degradation process. And, the energetic degradation process remains basically consistent across various length scale values. The geometric distribution function and energetic degradation function collectively dictate the global mechanical response of materials, which remains unaffected by length scale. The irreversible damage of the model is validated, and the asymmetry of tensile and compressive stresses is also effectively addressed. Several representative benchmark examples have substantiated the capability of the proposed model to predict complex cracking behavior, confirming its negligible sensitivity to length scale and mesh size. Endowed with powerful crack prediction capabilities and a solid physical underpinnings, this model is highly promising in the realm of solid mechanics fracture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106304"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing inelastic deformations and strength in dense FCC and HCP granular crystals: Experiments and models","authors":"Tian Gao, Ashta Navdeep Karuriya, Francois Barthelat","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Randomly distributed granular materials offer a rich landscape of mechanisms but their tunability is limited. Taking inspiration from crystallography and granular mechanics, we fabricated and tested fully dense cohesive FCC and HCP granular crystals, and developed granular crystal plasticity models to investigate their relative strength and deformation mechanisms. Geometrically, switching from FCC to HCP is remarkably simple and only involves a 60° rotation about the midplane of individual dodecahedral grains. However, the effect of this transformation on crystallography, properties and mechanics are profound. This rotation breaks several symmetries, and while additional slip systems are made available (prismatic, pyramidal.) compared to the {111} family in FCC, each of the families in HCP contain a smaller number of total slip planes. As a result, slip in HCP is in general more difficult to activate resulting in an average strength 50% greater than in FCC. We also observed mechanisms that are unique to granular crystals: micro-buckling in FCC and HCP, and splaying in HCP crystals loaded along the <em>c</em>-axis. These granular crystals offer powerful and versatile platforms for new generation mechanical metamaterials with tunable inelastic deformation, energy absorption and strength. For example, the granular architecture amplifies the properties of the adhesive by about one order of magnitude, so that attractive rheologies maybe be translated into useful responses in compression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Cardona, Mathias Peirlinck , Behrooz Fereidoonnezhad
{"title":"TopoGEN: Topology-driven microstructure generation for in silico modeling of fiber network mechanics","authors":"Sara Cardona, Mathias Peirlinck , Behrooz Fereidoonnezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fields of mechanobiology and biomechanics are expanding our understanding of the complex behavior of soft biological tissues across multiple scales. Given the intricate connection between tissue microstructure and its macroscale mechanical behavior, unraveling this mechanistic relationship remains an ongoing challenge. Reconstituted fiber networks serve as valuable in vitro models to simplify the intricacy of in vivo systems for targeted investigations. Concurrently, advances in imaging enable microstructure visualization and, through generative pipelines, modeling as discrete element networks. These mesoscale (<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m) models provide insights into macroscale (mm) tissue behavior. However, there is still no clear way to systematically incorporate detailed experimentally observed microstructural changes into in silico models of biological networks. In this work, we develop a novel framework to generate topologically-driven discrete fiber networks using high-resolution images that account for how environmental changes during polymerization influence the resulting structure. Leveraging these networks, we generate models of interconnected load-bearing fiber components that exhibit softening under compression and are bending-resistant. The generative topology framework enables control over network-level features, such as fiber volume fraction and cross-link density, along with fiber-level properties, like length distribution, to simulate changes driven by different polymerization conditions. We validate the robustness of our simulations against experimental data in a collagen-specific study case where we examine nonlinear elastic responses of collagen networks across varying conditions. TopoGEN provides a versatile tool for tissue biomechanics and engineering, helping to bridge microstructural insights and bulk mechanical behavior by linking image-derived microstructural topological organization to soft tissue mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards mean-field potentials for elastoplastic composites","authors":"Martín I. Idiart","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A formalism leading to mean-field potentials for random composites that account for elastic and plastic deformations concomitantly is elaborated. Deformations within constituent phases are described by archetypical potentials for rate-dependent elastoplasticity with combined isotropic and kinematical hardening. Plastic deformation fields are then additively decomposed into irrotational and solenoidal fields in such a way that variational approximations available for purely elastic and purely plastic potentials become applicative to elastoplastic potentials. The resulting mean-field potentials exhibit a generalized standard structure with a finite set of effective internal variables containing the phase averages of the irrotational and solenoidal fields. For simplicity, multi-phase composites are considered broadly but only a class of two-phase isotropic composites is considered thoroughly. Illustrative results are presented to highlight the role of these effective internal variables in elastoplastic transitions and residual stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of interface modes in canonical phononic waveguides","authors":"Z. Chen , L. Morini , M. Gei","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An interface mode is a localised vibration field at the interface between two waveguides that may be excited at a frequency sitting in a band gap that is in common between the two structures. For electromagnetic waves, the condition for the mode to occur is associated with certain properties of either the surface impedances of the two waveguides or the value of the Zak phase of the adjacent pass bands. In this work, we propose a novel, rigorous and simple method to predict the presence of interface modes at the join between two dissimilar, one-dimensional, periodic, two-phase phononic waveguides. In particular, we show that when the two rods have a <em>canonical configuration</em> it is possible to determine the band gaps of the frequency spectrum where this condition is satisfied. The value of the impedance for all band gaps of the spectrum is analysed through an extended version of the method of the universal toroidal manifold, recently adopted by the Authors to describe the dynamic properties of canonical structures. In terms of prediction, the outcome of the proposed approach is identical to that derived by calculating the Zak phase of the bulk bands for both the waveguides composing the system. By considering two specific combinations of finite-sized canonical rods and studying the associated reflection coefficients, we also determine the frequency of the interface mode in closed form. Our approach provides significant new insight to the mechanics of structured waveguides in order to design and optimise systems able to support interface modes avoiding the challenging numerical calculations normally required to estimate topological invariants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}