Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 and the pulmonary vascular injury.","authors":"Hai-Long Dai, Xue-Feng Guang","doi":"10.1177/1470320320972276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320972276","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Sir, Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, which imposes significant threats to global public health. Studies found that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-Cov share the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),1,2 SARS-CoV-2 have a 10to 20-fold higher affinity for ACE2 than SARS-CoV,3 and the pathogenic mechanism may be shared between these two viruses.4 The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays important role in cardiovascular system. ACE2, a homolog of ACE, is a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1–7). ACE2 plays an important role in the vasodilative axis (ACE2–Ang-(1–7)–Mas axis) of the RAS and counterbalances the vasoconstrictive, proliferative, and fibrotic axes (ACE–Ang II–Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis) of the RAS.5 ACE2 is highly expressed in the lungs and heart. Since then, an abundance of evidence has supported the fundamental concept that ACE2 is protective against a variety of cardiopulmonary vascular diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).6–8 In the lungs, activation of local pulmonary RAS can affect the pathogenesis of lung injury, high levels of Ang II can lead to increases in vascular permeability and alterations of alveolar epithelial cells.9 In SARS-CoV infection of mice, both viral replication and the viral spike protein alone have been shown to selectively reduce ACE2.10 SARS-CoV also induces rapid downregulation of ACE2 from the cell surface.11 The entry of SARS-CoV2 into the cells through membrane fusion also markedly down-regulates ACE2 receptors.12 Balancing ACE/ACE2 axis may be alleviate virus-induced severe lung injury. ACE Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) may help reduce lung injury caused by viral infection.13,14 So, for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with hypertension, ACEIs and ARBs may be a good choice.15–17 ACE2 is also expressed in endothelial cells, especially lung microvascular endothelial cell.18–20 The decrease of ACE2 is related to pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH.21 These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause pulmonary vascular injury and remodeling by disrupted the balance between ACE/ACE2 and Ang II/ Ang-(1–7) (Figure 1). ACE2 has been shown to be decreased in the plasma of patients with PAH, those patients are more likely to develop into severe patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. So, we suggest that special care of pulmonary vasc","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 4","pages":"1470320320972276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320972276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38590080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amiloride: A review.","authors":"Qianhui Sun,&nbsp;Peter Sever","doi":"10.1177/1470320320975893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320975893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amiloride is a potassium retaining diuretic and natriuretic which acts by reversibly blocking luminal epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct. Amiloride is indicated in oedematous states, and for potassium conservation adjunctive to thiazide or loop diuretics for hypertension, congestive heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. Historical studies on its use in hypertension were poorly controlled and there is insufficient data on dose-response. It is clearly highly effective in combination with thiazide diuretics where it counteracts the adverse metabolic effects of the thiazides and its use in the Medical Research Council Trial of Older Hypertensive Patients, demonstrated convincing outcome benefits on stroke and coronary events. Recently it has been shown to be as effective as spironolactone in resistant hypertension but there is a real need to establish its potential role in the much larger number of patients with mild to moderate hypertension in whom there is a paucity of information with amiloride particularly across an extended dose range.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 4","pages":"1470320320975893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320975893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38637311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) in COVID-19: Navigating the Uncharted","authors":"H. Al-kuraishy, M. Al-Niemi, Nawar R. Hussain, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Nasser A. Al-Harchan, Azhar H. Al-Kurashi","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92837","url":null,"abstract":"Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to infected pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute kidney injury (AKI). The entry-point receptor for COVID-19 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) at lung, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a receptor for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). There is 80% similarity between MERS-CoV and COVID-19. This study was planned to review the potential link between the incidence and severity of COVID-19 regarding the modulation of DPP-4 and ACE2 by DPP-4 and renin angiotensin system (RAS). In COVID-19, SARS-CoV2 binds ACE2 which is highly expressed by the epithelial cells of the blood vessel, intestine, and lung. However, pulmonary ACE2 seems to be a protective defense pathway during ARDS. DPP-4 is not concerned with the entry of COVID-19 but mediates the inflammatory reactions and cytokine storm that induced ARDS and AKI by COVID-19. The interaction between DPP4i and RAS inhibitors seem to augment the expression of AT2 receptor and ACE2 which are under extensive researches to find the pathophysiological pathway of COVID-19 infection. This beneficial interaction between DPP4i and RAS shed light for possible attenuation of COVID-19-induced ARDS and AKI mainly in critically ill patients with systemic hypertension.","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84737025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication use, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and acute care utilization after hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Joshua J Neumiller,&nbsp;Kenn B Daratha,&nbsp;Radica Z Alicic,&nbsp;Robert A Short,&nbsp;Haleigh M Miller,&nbsp;Liza Gregg,&nbsp;Brian J Gates,&nbsp;Cynthia F Corbett,&nbsp;Sterling M McPherson,&nbsp;Katherine R Tuttle","doi":"10.1177/1470320320945137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320945137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this secondary analysis were to: (a) characterize medication use following hospital discharge for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (b) investigate relationships of medication use with the primary composite outcome of acute care utilization 90 days after hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CKD-Medication Intervention Trial (CKD-MIT) enrolled acutely ill hospitalized patients with CKD stages 3-5 not dialyzed (CKD 3-5 ND). In this post hoc analysis, data for medication use were characterized, and the relationship of medication use with the primary outcome was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were taking a mean of 12.6 (standard deviation=5.1) medications, including medications from a wide variety of medication classes. Nearly half of study participants were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). ACE inhibitor/ARB use was associated with decreased risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio=0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.95; <i>p</i>=0.03) after adjustment for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, sex, race, blood pressure, albuminuria, and potential nephrotoxin use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A large number, variety, and complexity of medications were used by hospitalized patients with CKD 3-5 ND. ACE inhibitor or ARB use at hospital discharge was associated with a decreased risk of 90-day acute care utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320945137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320945137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38236662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAT1 regulates interferon-γ-induced angiotensinogen and MCP-1 expression in a bidirectional manner in primary cultured mesangial cells.","authors":"Harrison M Penrose,&nbsp;Akemi Katsurada,&nbsp;Kayoko Miyata,&nbsp;Maki Urushihara,&nbsp;Ryousuke Satou","doi":"10.1177/1470320320946527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320946527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Intrarenal interferon-γ significantly contributes to the development of glomerular injury in which angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels are elevated. However, the exact nature of the role that interferon-γ plays in regulating angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression has not been fully delineated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role that interferon-γ plays in angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary cultured rat mesangial cells were treated with 0-20 ng/mL interferon-γ for 2, 8 or 24 hours. Expression levels of angiotensinogen, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, suppressors of cytokine signaling 1, an intracellular suppressor of Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling and activity of the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interferon-γ increased angiotensinogen expression in mesangial cells with maximal augmentation observed following 5 ng/mL interferon-γ at 8 hours of treatment (1.87 ± 0.05, mRNA, relative ratio). Further increases were reduced or absent using higher concentrations of interferon-γ. Following treatments, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression was induced in a linear dose-dependent manner (6.85 ± 0.62-fold by 20 ng/mL interferon-γ at 24 hours). In addition, interferon-γ induced STAT1 phosphorylation and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 expression in a linear dose-dependent manner. The suppression of STAT1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 expression by small interference RNAs facilitated an increase in interferon-γ-induced angiotensinogen expression, indicating that these two factors negatively regulate angiotensinogen expression. In contrast, the increase in interferon-γ-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression was attenuated in STAT1-deficient mesangial cells, suggesting that STAT1 positively regulates monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression in mesangial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that while interferon-γ increases both angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression, STAT1 plays an opposing role in the regulation of each factor in mesangial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320946527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320946527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38217800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of renal denervation on catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.","authors":"Lida Feyz,&nbsp;Sjoerd van den Berg,&nbsp;Robert Zietse,&nbsp;Isabella Kardys,&nbsp;Jorie Versmissen,&nbsp;Joost Daemen","doi":"10.1177/1470320320943095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320943095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on neurohormonal responses is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the effect of RDN on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and endogenous catecholamines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 patients with hypertension underwent RDN and remained on a stable antihypertensive drug regimen. Samples for plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and urine (nor)metanephrine were collected at baseline and at 6 months post procedure. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recordings were obtained at baseline and at 6 months post procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 64±9 years, and 30/60 patients were male. At 6 months, average daytime systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP decreased by 10 and 6 mmHg, respectively (<i>p</i><0.001). No significant change was observed in plasma aldosterone (median=248.0 pmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 113.3-369.5 pmol/L) vs. median=233.0 pmol/L (IQR 110.3-360.8 pmol/L); <i>p</i>=0.66); renin (median=19.5 µIU/mL (IQR 6.8-119.5 µIU/mL) vs. median=14.3 µIU/mL (IQR 7.2-58.0 µIU/mL); <i>p</i>=0.32), urine metanephrine (median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.24-0.77 µmol/L) vs. median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.22-0.88 µmol/L); <i>p</i>=0.75) and normetanephrine (median=1.41 µmol/L (IQR 0.93-2.00 µmol/L vs. median =1.56 (IQR 0.74-2.50 µmol/L); <i>p</i>=0.58) between baseline and 6 months, respectively. No correlation was found between the decrease in mean systolic daytime BP and changes in RAAS hormones or endogenous catecholamines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite significant reductions in ambulatory BP, RDN did not result in a significant change in endogenous catecholamines or in RAAS hormones at 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320943095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320943095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38324754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: A dose-response meta analysis.","authors":"Xia Chen, Chang-Hong Yi, Kuang-Guan Ya","doi":"10.1177/1470320319895646","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1470320319895646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was undertaken to determine whether use of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors would increase colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases were electronically searched to collect data of RAS use and colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality from inception to October 2018. Stata 12.0 software was used to perform a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 publications involving 2,847,597 participants were included. RAS inhibitor use was related to colorectal cancer risk (relative risk (RR): 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.93) and mortality (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98) decrement. Subgroup analysis showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96) or ARB (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73-0.98) or ACEI (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70-0.92) were related to colorectal cancer risk decrement. Furthermore, RAS inhibitor use was related to colorectal cancer risk decrement in Caucasians (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96) and Asians (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85). Additionally, dose-response showed that per one year duration of RAS inhibitor use incremental increase was related to 6% colorectal cancer risk decrement (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the evidence, RAS inhibitor use was associated with colorectal cancer risk and mortality decrement.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320319895646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320319895646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38127486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 <i>I/D</i> polymorphism be a modificator of COVID-19 response in different populations, diseases, and/or conditions?","authors":"Sanja Dević Pavlić,&nbsp;Sergej Nadalin,&nbsp;Nada Starčević Čizmarević,&nbsp;Alena Buretić-Tomljanović,&nbsp;Anđelka Radojčić Badovinac,&nbsp;Smiljana Ristić","doi":"10.1177/1470320320957157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320957157","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Editor, Several articles recently discussed the potential relevance of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene to COVID19 infection.1–4 Their data raise the possibility that the ACE1 D allele might be a protective factor in the spread and outcome of COVID-19 in various European, NorthAfrican, and Middle Eastern populations.1–3 However, data presented in the meta-analysis investigating the frequency of ACE1 D allele distribution in various European countries revealed that the frequency of that allele was the highest in the countries most severely affected by COVID19 infection, such as Spain, Italy, and UK.5 Specifically, the frequency of ACE1 D allele in Spanish, Italian, and UK general population was estimated at 63%, 58%, and 53%, respectively, while the total number of cases and deaths per million to date were 6328 and 606 for Spain, 3975 and 575 for Italy, and 4584 and 642 for UK.6 Those data suggest that higher frequency of the ACE1 D allele might be rather risk than protective factor in COVID-19 infection. Importantly, higher frequencies of ACE1 D allele in general Spanish, Italian, and UK populations are also accompanied by higher frequencies among the elderly individuals, who are at the same time the most vulnerable to COVID19 infection.5 In line with this, the relatively low frequency of the ACE1 D allele, estimated at 49%, observed in the general Croatian population5 might explain the rather favorable epidemiological situation in Croatia related to COVID-19 infection. Specifically, since the February 25 outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, the total number of cases per million to date is 656, while total number of deaths per million is 26, suggesting that Croatia has been rather successful in overcoming COVID-19.6 In the past 15 years, our study groups have been investigating the possible relevance of the ACE1 I/D polymorphism in various diseases and/or conditions in the Croatian population. Most of our studies suggest that the ACE1 D allele as well as the ACE1 D/D genotype may be risk factors in multiple sclerosis,7,8 schizophrenia,9 and lung cancer.10 Importantly, we have also found that the risk effects of the ACE1 D allele and ACE1 D/D genotype were in general more prominent among male patients with multiple sclerosis7,8 and schizophrenia.9 Indeed, COVID-19 infection has previously been associated with sex,11 and a recent article discussing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (encoded by the ACE2 gene), which has been known to coop","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320957157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320957157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Angiotensin II on cell viability and apoptosis in rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in in vitro studies.","authors":"Aleksandra Piotrowska,&nbsp;Magdalena Chmielewska,&nbsp;Waldemar Andrzejewski,&nbsp;Piotr Dziegiel,&nbsp;Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow","doi":"10.1177/1470320320949850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320949850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Angiotensin II (Ang II) is multifunctional peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and maintenance electrolyte homeostasis. It shows biological effects by activating two main receptors: AT₁ and AT₂. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Ang II on NRK-52E cells in in vitro studies. Furthermore, an attempt was made to determine the effectiveness of the AT₁ and AT₂ receptor blocker activity (respectively, losartan and PD123319).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out using adherent NRK-52E cell line. Immunofluorescence and Western Blot method were used to confirm the presence of AT₁ and AT₂ receptors in the cells. The SRB and MTT tests showed decrease in the viability of NRK-52E cells incubated with Ang II in comparison to the control (without Ang II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blockade of the AT₁ receptor caused an increase in cell viability in comparison to cells incubated with Ang II only. The blockade of AT₂ receptor also triggered statistically significant increase in cell viability in comparison with cells only exposed to Ang II. Combined administration of blockers for both receptors (losartan and PD123319) decreased Ang II cytotoxicity against NRK-52E cell line. The apoptosis was only observed in cells incubated with Ang II in comparison with control cells. However, simultaneous use of both blockers caused statistically significant decrease in apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The result of our study indicates that Ang II causes damaging effect on NRK-52E cells by directing them to programmed cell death. It seems that not only does the AT₂ receptor itself play an important role in the induction of apoptosis, but also its interaction with AT₁ receptor does as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320949850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320949850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38407128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zofenopril versus ramipril in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction: A retrospective study.","authors":"Xiaoyang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoling Xu,&nbsp;Yi Chu,&nbsp;Yingang Ren,&nbsp;Liping Wang","doi":"10.1177/1470320320946530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320946530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prognostic benefits of zofenopril over ramipril in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction have been reported by the SMILE study, but these benefits have not been tested in clinical practice in the Chinese population. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of zofenopril plus aspirin against ramipril plus aspirin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction received 30 mg zofenopril (ZF cohort, <i>N</i>=191) or 5 mg ramipril (RP cohort, <i>N</i>=256) b.i.d. plus 100 mg aspirin/day. Data regarding hospitalisation for cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular events and mortality were collected and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 1 year of treatment, 47 (25%) patients in the ZF cohort and 97 (40%) patients in the RP cohort were hospitalised due to cardiovascular disease (<i>p</i>=0.002), and three (2%) patients in the ZF cohort and 14 (6%) patients in the RP cohort died (<i>p</i>=0.043). Lower incidences of dry cough (<i>p</i>=0.001) and anaemia (<i>p</i>=0.049) were reported in the ZF cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study recommends zofenopril with 100 mg aspirin for a longer period in patients with acute myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320946530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320946530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38342323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}