Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series最新文献

{"title":"Mining the cryptic specialized metabolome of Streptomyces cyanogenus S136","authors":"I. Ostash, M. Deneka, M. Lopatniuk, T. Busche, J. Kalinowski, A. Luzhetskyy, V. Fedorenko, B. Ostash","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.02","url":null,"abstract":"Streptomyces cyanogenus S136 is known to produce landomycin family antibiotics, particularly its largest congener, landomycin A. Except for landomycins and polyene lucensomycin, no other specialized metabolites were sourced from S136. Nevertheless, S136 genome sequencing revealed over 40 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), implying underappreciated potential of this strain for the production of novel bioactive natural compounds. We set out to gain deeper insight into the specialized metabolome of this strain. First, trans­criptomic analysis of S136 grown under landomycin production conditions has been carried out, revealing that most of them are expressed at a basal level. This, likely, leads to a phenotypic silence of most of the BGCs. Nevertheless, several notable exceptions have been spotted. First of all, landomycin BGC is expressed at high level (at least 100 Transcripts Per Million mapped reads (TPM); and around 1000 TPM for minimal polyketide synthase genes lanFABC). Similarly, high levels of expression showed BGCs # 2, 4, 7 and 33, of which #2, encoding unknown saccharide, is the most dissimilar to the described precedents. RNAseq data also allowed us to delineate better the borders of several presumed BGCs. In the next phase of the work we singled out a few BGCs within S136 that appeared to be promising. First, these BGCs exhibited low similarity to the other gene clusters directing the production of known natural products. Second, the BGCs harbored cluster-situated regulatory genes that can be employed in the attempts to activate the expression of cryptic pathways. For one such BGC we constructed two plasmids for expression of several such regulatory genes and introduced them into S136 and its derivative deficient in production of landomycin A. Bioassays showed no differences in bioactivity of the recombinant strains as compared to the initial strains. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of several S. cyanogenus samples revealed the effects of genotype, growth conditions and extraction on specialized metabolome of this species, setting reference point for further stu­dies.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bryophytes of local park – monument of landscape gardening “Snopkivsky” (Lviv city)","authors":"Z. Mamchur, M. Ragulina, O. Orlov, Yura Drach","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.05","url":null,"abstract":"The species diversity and substratum preferencies of Bryophytes in the territory of the local park-monument park “Snopkivsky” in the urban ecosystem of Lviv are given in the article. The bryoflora of the Snopkivsky Park includes 61 species of bryophytes from the divisions Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. The high position of the families Brachytheciaceae, Orthotricaceae, Pottiaceae, Bryaceae in the floristic spectrum reflects the specificity of the park’s local conditions. The percentage of these families in the floristic spectrum is 45.9 % of the total species richness. This distribution is characteristic of aridic natural zones, which indicates the dry condition of the urban microclimate. At the same time, a good representation of the boreal and nemoral forest families such as Mniaceae, Amblystegiaceae, Hypnaceae (21.3 % of the total species richness) reflects the natural features of the territory (the zone of broad-leaved forests), which spontaneously reproduced on part of the Park territory or were created artificially in ornamental gardening. In this part of the Park with spontaneous silvatisation the largest number of bryophyte species is concentrated and the moss cover is the most abundant. Poor representation of Marchantiophytes indicates a significant degree of anthropization of the studied urban ecosystem. There is an increase in the number of anthropogenic ecotopes in the Park, which is reflected in a significant upgrowth in the fraction of epilithic bryophyte species. Ravines and abandoned quarries have the greatest conservation value for mosses on the Park territory. Some anthropophobic species as components of epigeic, epiphytic and epixylic substrates groups, which are not characteristic of intensively urbanized areas, are occur here. No rare bryophyte species were found within the park. However, floating liverwort Riccia fluitans, which is not typical for urban areas in general, was found in the Zelene Oko lake. Calcareous tufa deposited in the bed of hard-water streams at the headwaters of the Snopkivsky stream is a specific habitat for bryophytes. Indicators for hard-water springs with tufa formation of European lowland arias bryophytes species (Apopellia endiviifolia, Cratoneuron filicinum and Platyhypnidium riparoides) were found here. Amphibious (primarily calciphilic tufa-forming) and free-floating bryophyte species are equally not typical for urbanized ecosystems and occur here only sporadically: this fact underlines the conservation value of the researched park for the pre­servation of bryophytes microhabitats within the city boundaries. The conservation of silvatic areas, both spontaneous and artificial, is an important condition for the effective functioning of the park as a semi-natural ecosystem. The diversity of bryophytes, their species composition and cover abundance are indicative of the integrity of urban ecosystems on the territory of the park “Snopkivsky”.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome: a novel neurodevelopmental genetic disorder","authors":"O. Yushchuk, I. Ruda, V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.04","url":null,"abstract":"Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome is a recently discovered genetic disorder characterized by childhood apraxia of speech, delays in intellectual development, and a plethora of other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., vision disorders, muscle atony, etc.). In most cases, Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome results from de novo mutations in the CHD3 gene, which encodes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 3 (CHD3). However, the lite­rature also describes cases of inherited mutations in CHD3. In these cases, heterozygous parents carrying a mutant variant in the CHD3 gene may lack features of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome or exhibit a mild manifestation of the syndrome, while their offspring, carrying the same CHD3 mutations in heterozygous form, exhibit a complete set of features of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. This phenomenon has yet to be clearly explained. Only two cases of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome caused by homozygous CHD3 mutations have been described in the literature. Notably, the majority of described mutations in CHD3 are point missense mutations. CHD3 is a chromatin remodeling protein and a crucial component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is important for gene regulation during brain development. The two-domain region of CHD3 with ATP-dependent helicase activity is the most important part of the protein. Although the majority of mutations causing Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome are found in the part of CHD3 encoding this region with ATP-dependent helicase activity, it has been impossible to draw a clear correlation between the localization of the mutations and the severity of the phenotype. To date, no documented cases of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome have been reported in Ukraine. In this work, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the features of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome to facilitate identification and genetic diagnostics of the syndrome.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in silico analysis of transporters coded within biosynthetic genes clusters for ramoplanin and related antibiotics","authors":"K. Zhukrovska, V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.03","url":null,"abstract":"Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs), like teicoplanin and vancomycin, have been the first-line treatment for infections caused by Gram-positive multidrug-resistant pathogens. GPAs appear to be related to ramoplanin-like lipodepsipeptides (LDPs), yet another signi­ficant class of lipid II binders. Major compounds among LDPs are ramoplanin (the key representative), enduracidin, and chersinamycin; each with known biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Five additional BGCs for the putative LDPs were recently described. LDP BGCs are poorly investigated; one particular aspect that deserves further investigation is transporters coded within BGCs. These proteins most likely take part in the export of antibiotics out of the cell, as well as in the producer’s resistance to its own secondary metabolite. In this work, we performed in silico analysis of genes encoding transporters from ramoplanin and other LDP BGCs. We investigated the domain architecture of these transporters, discovered their homologues in BGCs from MIBiG and beyond, generated models of secondary and tertiary structures, and compared the overall LDP BGCs transport genes blueprint. We were able to identify previously uncharacterized gene encoding ABC transporter within ramoplanin BGC – ramo3. Ramo1 and Ramo3 in ramoplanin BGC appear to be paralogues coding for a permease subunit of the ABC transporter. In every other LDP BGCs, except for chersinamycin BGC, we found only one corresponding homologue encoding this type of protein. Similarly, we found that Ramo2 and Ramo23 are also homologous proteins, which appear to be ATP-binding subunits of the ABC transporter; Ramo2 and Ramo23 have only one homologue in each other LDP BGCs. Next, we were able to describe Ramo8 as ATP-binding ABC transporter, containing both ATPase and transmembrane parts, similar to those encoded in GPA BGCs. For Ramo8, we modelled 3D structure as well as quaternary structure for homodimer of this protein. Finally, our in silico analysis revealed Ramo31 to be a proton membrane antiporter, having distant homologue only in chersinamycin BGC; most likely Ramo31 is not connected to ramoplanin biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative indicators of spermograms of men of different age groups in normal and with pathologies","authors":"A. Tarnovska, A. Heneha, D. Hrytchyshyn, Ya. Muzyka, V. Chemiorkina, N. Fedkovych","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.10","url":null,"abstract":"The indicators of spermograms of men of different ages: younger (20-29 years), middle (30-39 years) and older age groups (40-50 years) with normozoospermia, oligoteratoasthenozoospermia, teratoasthenozoospermia and hypoteratozoospermia were studied. Spermograms were obtained during examination of patients at the “Alternative Clinic” reproductive medicine clinic. Spermograms were evaluated according to the following indicators: volume of ejaculate, viscosity, number of spermatozoa in 1 ml of ejaculate; the total number of sperm in the ejaculate; motility of spermatozoa according to movement categories A and B; sperm morphology (percentage of morphologically normal and morphologically altered spermatozoa), Farris fertility index and number of active spermatozoa. Having analyzed the results of spermograms of men of different age groups, we found out that the main indicators of deviations in these spermograms are the mobility of spermatozoa according to movement categories A and B; sperm morphology (percentage of morphologically normal and morphologically altered spermatozoa), Farris fertility index and number of active spermatozoa. In order to quantitatively assess the influence of oligoteratoasthenozoospermia, tera­toasthenozoospermia and hypoteratozoospermia and the age factor on the general variabi­lity of spermogram indicators of men of the younger (20–29 years), middle (30–39 years) and older (40–50 years) age groups, we conducted 41 series of univariate and 18 series of two-factor analysis of variance. After conducting a anova analysis, we established that the share of the influence of the studied diseases in the overall variability of the sperm motility index by category B in men of the younger age group is insignificant and amounts to 10 % of the total contribution, instead, the share of the influence of unaccounted factors is increasing, which is 90 % of the total contribution - this may indicate the presence of pathological processes in the reproductive organs of men. The share of the influence of the age factor on the overall variability of such indicators of spermograms as motility of spermatozoa according to category A and B, morphology of spermatozoa (percentage of morphologically normal and degenerate spermatozoa), Farris fertility index and activity and viability of spermatozoa of younger, middle and older age groups is insignificant and is in ranging from 1 to 6 %.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imbalance of mass components in the system of «medium – substance» under endogenous factors’ harmful effects","authors":"H. Maksymyuk, O. Stadnytska, M. Vorobets, G. Sedilo, V. Maksym`yuk","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.01","url":null,"abstract":"The method developed and adapted by the authors of this work for determining and analysing the peculiarities of mass imbalance of water, organic and inorganic components in “medium (water)-substance” systems under the influence of harmful exo- and endogenous factors is proposed. The recommended method will help to objectively determine and assess the degree of harmful influence of individual factors on mass homeostasis. In addition, it will allow to characterization of the features of the relationship between the separately taken components of the substances in amniotic and allantois fluids. The presence of long-term effects of inflammatory factors in the fetal membrane fluids of the amnion and allantois is reflected in the functional and placental barrier of the uterus in gestating cows. The direction of the displaced parts of the mass of water, organic and inorganic substances vary depending on the circumstances, either in the direction of increase or in the direction of decrease. It is quite possible that the unequal ability of organic and inorganic substances to bind water is associated with changes in the parameters of the mass of nutrients assimilated by the fetus in the amniotic fluid and accumulation of their breakdown products in the allantois fluid. It has been established that long-term inflammatory processes in the genital organs of pregnant cows alter the manner and quantity of water, organic, and inorganic substances mass parts transferred into the fluid of the fetal membranes of the amnion and allantois through the placental barrier of the uterus. This negatively affects the ability of chemical and biochemical compounds to bind water molecules and alters the intensity of nutrient assimilation processes, converting them into simpler compounds. The strength and method of harmful action determine whether components in the ‘water-substance’ system move towards an increase or decrease in their mass parameters. The consequence of this redistribution is an imbalance in mass homeostasis, negatively impacting the viability, growth, and development of the embryo and newborn fetus.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological characteristics, biomass, abundance and dominant complexes phytoplankton of different types of watercourse and waterbasin in the lower Danube","authors":"D. Lutsenko","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.07","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of modern environmental challenges, being under constant anthropogenic pressure, systematic study of the spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton distribution, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, biomass and abundance, and determination of the dominant complex are indicative factors of biodiversity and water productivity. In the context of constant anthropogenic pressure, such research and monitoring of biodiversity and water quality are essential for the functioning of biocenosis. It was found that the diversity of phytoplankton in different hydroecosystems of the lower Danube River is represented by a wide floristic spectrum and amounts to 156 species (158 species) belonging to 8 divisions: Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Miozoa, Ochrophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenozoa. The research of phytoplankton ecological characteristics showed that planktonic and planktonic-benthic forms are the most common in terms of biotopic habitat. Analyzing the phytoplankton by habitat, indifferent species dominate in all studied hydroecosystems. In relation to pH, most of the representatives belong to indifers, and fewer to alkalifers. The number of phytoplankton cells ranged from 375 thousand cells/m2 to 1320 thousand cells/m2, with Cyanobacteria being the most numerous. The main role in the formation of the biomass of water bodies in summer in the studied areas belongs to the divisions Chlorophyta, Miozoa, and Bacillariophyta and ranges from 0.3361 mg/dm3 to 0.944205 mg/dm3. The analysis of the dynamics of phytoplankton abundance and biomass showed that these indicators vary depending on the location of the algosampling stations. The structure of phytoplankton biomass in the lower Danube is unevenly represented, according to the hydroecosystem, and is formed mainly by the Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta complex, but in some samples, representatives of the Mioza order dominate in terms of biomass. At the same time, summarizing the values of phytoplankton abundance, it was found that the leading role belongs to Cyanobacteria, with Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta also widespread. It was noted that in shallow waters and in areas with high dynamics of hydrological processes, namely river-sea transition zones, there is a predominance of the diatom complex, formed mainly by planktonic-benthic and benthic forms. This spatial distribution is typical for areas with high intensity of water mass mixing.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychophysiological state of students under the war","authors":"S. Bychkova, T. Korol, O. Ikkert","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.08","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Ukraine has an impact on the psychophysiological state of citizens, whether they are direct participants in the conflict or reside far from the front line. Conside­ring this, studying the psychophysiological state of students continuing their education in a country at war is a relevant issue. Understanding this state can aid in developing effective strategies for preserving the psychological health of youth. The limbic system, which regulates emotions, directly influences the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the research aimed to establish the connection between the frequency of heartbeats (heart rate) during air alarms and mental states (depression, anxiety, stress) of students, as well as components of their emotional intelligence (self-motivation, managing one’s own emotions and the emotions of others, empathy). In the study, 62 second-year students from the Biological Faculty Ivan Franko National University of Lviv participated. Students assessed their psychoemotional state using the «Global Emotional Intelligence Test» and «DASS21» questionnaires. Heart rate (HR) was monitored using smartwatches in combination with corresponding smartphone applications. The average daily heart rate of students was 78.12±0.74 beats/min (n=62), while during air alarms, it increased to 91.21±2.54 beats/min (p≤0.001, n=21). Individuals with additional physical activities showed a tendency toward higher HR during air alarms compared to those who did not engage in exercises. It was found that 50 % of students experienced anxiety, 20 % reported high and extremely high stress levels, and 10 % had a high level of depression. A moderate negative correlation was established between the level of depression and HR during air alarms (r=-0.55, p≤0.05, n=13). A high level of emotional intelligence indicators was observed in the following percentages of students: managing the emotions of others – 27 %, empathy – 24 %, self-motivation – 23 %, managing one’s own emotions – 8 %, and integrative emotional intelligence – 2 %. Positive correlations of mo­derate strength (p≤0.05) were identified between HR during air alarms and the psychological and emotional states of students: r=0.51 (n=11) with anxiety, r=0.59 (n=13) with the level of integrative emotional intelligence, r=0.62 (n=13) with self-motivation, and r=0.63 (n=13) with managing the emotions of others. Therefore, war has an impact on the psychophysiological state of students, resul­ting in an increased level of anxiety. This is evident in the rise of heart rate (HR) during air alarms, which is considered a normal response of the body to a stress factor. However, the more depressive a person is, the lower the HR during air alarms. Thus, there is a correlation between HR during air alarms and psychophysiological state of students.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 71","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ethanol and cyclosporine A on respiration of isolated rat hepatocytes","authors":"H. Mazur, B. O. Manko, V. Manko","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.09","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that ethanol affects the oxidative processes in liver mitochondria, which can be one of the mechanisms of the development of the alcoholic liver disease. A well-known immunosuppressant cyclosporine A is also an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeabi­lity transition pore. However, the pharmacological interaction of ethanol and cyclosporin A is not sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethanol and cyclosporine A on the respiration rate of isolated rat hepatocytes. Five male Wistar rats were used in the study. Hepatocytes were isolated by perfusion with collagenase. Cell plasma membrane integrity was assessed with trypan blue staining (0.1 %). Intact cell number was 85.7±0.92 %. The rate of oxygen consumption was measured using a polarographic device based on a Clark electrode. Protonophore FCCP was used to study the uncoupled respiration. Cell respiration was studied in the presence of glucose, pyruvate or monomethylsuccinate in solution. Statistical analysis was performed with Origin Pro 2018 software. Significance of difference between groups was evaluated with analysis of variance test. After one hour incubation with ethanol (50 mM), the rate of basal respiration of hepatocytes oxidizing glucose increased by a meager 8 %. Similar result was obtained upon the presence of pyruvate in solution. Monomethylsuccinate, however, abolished the effect of ethanol on basal respiration. he but not uncoupled respiration of hepatocytes upon glucose or pyruvate oxidation. Ethanol did not affect the uncoupled respiration of hepatocytes in presence of glucose, pyruvate of monomethylsuccinate. Incubation with cyclocporin A did not cause any changes in cell oxygen consumption in all experiments. Cyclosporin A also did not modify the effects of ethanol on basal respiration of hepatocytes. Therefore, no pharmacological no interaction between ethanol and cyclosporin A was detected, which could be evidenced by the change of mitochondrial respiration of isolated hepatocytes.","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 77","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat transformation and its impact on zoobiota","authors":"Y. Tsaryk, O. Reshetylo, O. Ivanets, K. Nazaruk, O. Hnatyna, I. Shydlovskyy, V. Liesnik","doi":"10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2024.91.06","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the use of the term “habitat” is considered. It is emphasized that this term refers to the habitat of a particular animal species or population and is determined by their ranges. The factors that lead to the destruction of habitats of many populations on the lowlands and in the highlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians are indicated. Attention is drawn to the degradation of mountain lakes and streams as habitats for aquatic hydrobionts. Among the factors that cause the destruction of habitats, the factors of both natural and anthropogenic origin are identified: climate change, absolute protection of territories, demutational processes, uncontrolled recreation activities, changes in traditional land use, water chemiсal composition and pollution, the appearance of invasive plants, urbanization, etc. The synergistic effect of these factors leads to rapid habitat change, and thus to the loss of adaptive capacity of individuals of different species to the changed conditions of their habi­tats. Among the objects of our study are such taxa as planktonic crustaceans (Cladocera), ants (Formicidae), lampreys (Cyclostomata), ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), amphibians (Amphibia) and birds (Aves). It was found, in particular, that deciduous forest habitats are the most favorable for the existence of a significant diversity of ants. The mega-habitats for amphibians were identified as a complex of individual habitats that vary during the vegetation season and are connected by migration routes. The key habitat in Western Polissia, as an example, can be the Unychi wetland, which is home to a number of rare bird species. The nest-building behavior of birds under the influence of anthropogenic factors also undergoes changes - its species-specific appearance and composition of nesting materials are transformed in response to habitat pollution. In addition, the study showed that the use of invasive trees and shrubs for urban greenery has a negative impact on the diversity of urban bird fauna, as it paradoxically reduces the number of nesting and foraging habitats for birds. It is proposed to identify key habitats for the populations of rare and endangered animal species within the protected areas and on the non-protected ones, to indicate their locations and the type of management approach (protection, restoration, reconstruction, etc.).","PeriodicalId":173155,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}