Guoqing Wang , Zhaolei Zhu , Chunyu Yang , Wanting Rong , Lei Ma
{"title":"Robust state estimation based on statistical similarity measure with sliding window for non-Gaussian systems under multiple cyber attacks","authors":"Guoqing Wang , Zhaolei Zhu , Chunyu Yang , Wanting Rong , Lei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a robust and resilient state estimation framework for non-Gaussian systems under multiple cyber attacks, where the inputs and measurements are both threatened by random deception attacks with unknown probabilities. Motivated by the fact that existing robust estimation algorithms struggle to accurately estimate the system state only using the current measurement value under non-Gaussian noises, especially when coupled with cyber attacks, we design a novel robust estimation algorithm, namely RSSWKF, based on the statistical similarity measure, which is derived through fixed-point iteration and utilizing the advantage of the student’s t kernel in handling non-Gaussian noises. Moreover, the multiple measurements within the sliding window are leveraged to adjust the polluted covariance matrices through Variational Bayesian methods adaptively to further enhance the estimation accuracy. Compared with related algorithms through the target tracking example, the higher tracking accuracy and adaptive capability of our RSSWKF are verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 107971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disturbance-resilient model predictive control for active suspension systems with perception errors in road preview information","authors":"Ming Bai, Weichao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vehicle suspension system is a critical component of automobiles, primarily designed to mitigate the impact of uneven road surfaces, thereby enhancing ride comfort, while also influencing handling by connecting the chassis to the wheels. With advancements in sensor and automation technologies, the concept of preview-active suspension has emerged. This technology utilizes forward-facing sensors to gather road information, allowing for proactive adjustments to the suspension system to optimize both comfort and handling. Although forward-facing sensors help reduce uncertainties in road profiles, sensor noise and environmental disturbances can introduce perceptual errors, which may lead to instability and the loss of recursive feasibility in the system, resulting in pathological behavior. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Disturbance-Resilient Model Predictive Control (DR-MPC) based active suspension controller to mitigate the pathological issues caused by preview perception errors. By modifying the standard terminal cost function of MPC and introducing constraints on perceptual errors, the proposed controller effectively suppresses disturbances caused by these errors. Stability and recursive feasibility of the controller are rigorously proven. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through real-vehicle road data collection and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 107957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi Liu , Guoxuan Huang , Ancai Zhang , Yang Liu , Yingxue Du
{"title":"Modeling and stabilization of time-delay switched systems with unstable subsystems based on bidirectional AC/DC converter","authors":"Zhi Liu , Guoxuan Huang , Ancai Zhang , Yang Liu , Yingxue Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the exponential stabilization problem of switched time delay systems with unstable subsystems and its application in bidirectional Alternating Current/Direct Current (AC/DC) converter are studied. Firstly, considering the time delay caused by data transmission and switching, the bidirectional AC/DC converter is modeled as the switched system with state and input time delay, and the subsystems in the model are allowed to be unstable. Secondly, the generalized model transformation method is used to transform the switched system with state and input delays into an equivalent system, and an appropriate parameter <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> is referenced to limit the switching times of unstable subsystems, the stabilization scheme of the switched system is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the stabilization scheme is verified through comparative study and practical example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 14","pages":"Article 107960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-based constrained optimal control for completely unknown nonlinear time-varying systems","authors":"Peyman Ahmadi, Mehdi Rahmani, Aref Shahmansoorian","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the model-based control for nonlinear time-varying (NTV) systems is a challenging problem, this paperproposes a data-based approach to solve the constrained optimal control problem for continuous-time nonlinear polynomial time-varying systems with completely unknown dynamics. This approach does not rely on computationally expensive numerical solutions for model approximation methods. Instead, the optimal control policy is obtained by an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP)-based sum-of-squares (SOS) programming which is computationally tractable. The proposed model-free optimal control approach can apply constraints on the control input. By a novel idea, the input limitations are applied using the concept of inverse optimal control (IOC). The Lyapunov method theoretically ensures the stability of the proposed optimal control scheme. Additionally, it is an off-policy algorithm and avoids the repeat of experiments for control design. The efficacy of the suggested method is investigated through two numerical examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 14","pages":"Article 107958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fen Lin, Hongwang Ma, Youqun Zhao, Xinyue Lu, Qiaodong An
{"title":"Adaptive robust lateral stability control of distributed drive electric vehicles with extended state observer under uncertainties","authors":"Fen Lin, Hongwang Ma, Youqun Zhao, Xinyue Lu, Qiaodong An","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stability control remains a critical challenge in distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs) with mechanical elastic electric wheels (MEEWs), especially under extreme operating conditions. To address this, a hierarchical direct yaw moment control (DYC) strategy integrating adaptive robust control (ARC) and an extended state observer (ESO) is proposed, which explicitly accounts for both structural and non-structural uncertainties. Firstly, a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model considering uncertainties is established. In the upper-level controller, the ARC generates an ideal yaw moment to enhance lateral stability while compensating for structural uncertainties, and its asymptotical stability is guaranteed by Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, the ESO is integrated to address non-structural uncertainties, forming the ARCESO framework. Finally, a PID speed controller calculates the desired longitudinal force, and the lower-level controller optimizes four-wheel torque distribution with tire workload minimization. The simulation results under three test conditions demonstrate that, compared to the uncontrolled scenario, the RMSE of the sideslip angle and yaw rate under the proposed controller are reduced by over 60.64% and 51.01%, respectively. Furthermore, robustness validation reveals that the variation rates of RMSE for these two stability indicators are constrained within 3% and 4% separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 14","pages":"Article 107956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel Perona-Malik model driven by fractional regularized diffusion mechanism with caputo derivative applied to magnetic resonance image processing","authors":"Anouar Ben-Loghfyry , Abderrahim Charkaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research paper addresses a new class of nonlinear fractional parabolic equations that emerge in the realm of image processing. The proposed models are characterized by <em>Caputo</em> fractional time derivatives combined with nonlinear fractional gradient diffusion. Our proposed model is designed to address the challenge of balancing effective noise removal with fine feature preservation in medical images. Firstly, we investigate the theoretical solvability and numerical application of these models. We demonstrate two significant results related to the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions. The first result applies to the scenario where the diffusion coefficient is determined by a symmetric matrix and is independent of the solution. In this case, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution using the Galerkin method. The second result concerns the situation where the diffusion coefficient incorporates a nonlinear fractional regularized Perona-Malik mechanism. To prove the existence of a weak solution in this context, we primarily use Schauder’s fixed point theorem, supplemented with new technical estimates. Moreover, we validate our theoretical findings through numerical experiments conducted on MRI images corrupted with Gaussian noise. The performance of the proposed model is compared against classical and state-of-the-art denoising methods. Visual comparisons highlight the model’s ability to preserve fine anatomical details. Additionally, quantitative evaluations using PSNR and SSIM demonstrate superior performance over conventional models. The results confirm that the model achieves enhanced denoising while preserving critical structural details, making it a robust and efficient tool for challenging medical imaging scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 14","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intermediate observer-based adaptive event-triggered asynchronous fault-tolerant control for Markovian jump systems with general transition rates","authors":"Jiacheng Shi , Li-Wei Li , Mouquan Shen, Jie Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates adaptive event-triggered asynchronous fault-tolerant control for Markovian jump systems with unknown and uncertain transition rates subjected to actuator faults and disturbances. First, a mode-dependent adaptive event-triggered mechanism is established for the considered system to maximize network resource savings, and a mode-dependent and time-dependent adaptive trigger threshold function can be used to adjust the trigger threshold parameters online. Second, a mode-dependent asynchronous intermediate observer is designed to estimate unknown actuator faults and disturbances in the system, where a Hidden Markovian model is used to describe the asynchronous phenomenon between the system and observer. Third, an asynchronous composite controller is proposed to achieve the desired system performance. By introducing the vertex separator technique, sufficient conditions to ensure the uniform ultimate boundedness of the resultant closed-loop system are provided in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 107938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A robust watermarking scheme against cut-and-paste attacks based on polar harmonic transform and differential grid verification","authors":"Shishun Ma , Guihong Liu , Zhenlong Man","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital watermarking technology is a reliable method of copyright protection. However, with the continuous advancement of multimedia technology, a new type of cut-and-paste attack increasingly threatens the copyright security of images. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a robust watermark self-restoration scheme based on polar harmonic transform (PHT) and differential grid verification (DGV) to enhance the robustness of watermarking under cut-and-paste attacks. Specifically, standard distortion-compensated quantization index modulation (DC-QIM) is used to embed the watermark into PHT moments, which ensures the robustness of the watermark against common attacks. Two watermark extraction strategies, regular extraction and sliding window extraction, are designed to provide the watermark with strong extraction capability even when it suffers from translation and cut-and-paste attacks. In order to make the watermark with self-restoration ability, the proposed scheme adopts m-sequence to encode the watermark and realizes the self-restoration of the watermark by m-sequence based DGV during the extraction process. The experimental results show that the watermarking scheme maintains good imperceptibility while significantly outperforming similar schemes in terms of robustness against most types of attacks, especially cropping and translation attacks, and also has the ability to resist cut-and-paste attacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 14","pages":"Article 107952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Type-2 fuzzy-based fixed-time control for hypersonic morphing vehicles using dual-triggering mechanism","authors":"Hao Zhang , Peng Wang , Guojian Tang , Weimin Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the attitude tracking issue for hypersonic morphing vehicles (HMVs) with disturbances and uncertainties. Hypersonic morphing vehicles utilize morphing wings to ensure cross-domain flights, which demands an attitude control system with strong robustness and high adaptation. First of all, the control-oriented model is developed for controller design, which includes the dramatic changes caused by the morphing wings. Secondly, a novel fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is developed based on an interval type-2 Fuzzy logic system (IF2 FLS), which helps ensure strong robustness in cross-domain flights. Thirdly, the variable-exponent fixed-time control strategy is employed to build the control input, ensuring fixed-time attitude tracking. Then, a dual-event-triggering mechanism is established, which saves the system resources caused by signal transmissions. Unlike the conventional event-triggering mechanisms (ETMs), the developed dual- triggering mechanism (DTM) could achieve on-demand control and on-demand compensation. Finally, the closed-loop stability is proven via the Lyapunov stability theory, and simulation results validate the advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 107942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exponential consensus of stochastic switched leader-following multi-agent systems via intermittent noise","authors":"Xiuli He , Huiyan Zhang , Xuan Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is essentially concerned with the collective behavior of stochastic switched leader-following multi-agent systems (LMASs). The communication and information exchanging among neighbouring agents are described by interaction graph. We adopt the feedback controller and intermittent noise scheme to achieve consensus of the systems. We also discuss the mechanism of white noise and its affects on the systems. We obtain the threshold of exponential consensus of the LMASs by graph theory and comparison principle. Moreover, we consider the time delays of noise and derive its maximum delay by a transcendental function. Finally, a simulation shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the new methods developed in this paper by Lorenz chaotic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 14","pages":"Article 107949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}