{"title":"Enhanced shadow removal using space-variant anisotropic PDEs and tensor-based osmosis models","authors":"Fakhr-Eddine Limami , Aissam Hadri , Amine Laghrib , Lekbir Afraites","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we propose an innovative approach to shadow removal in images by enhancing the space-variant anisotropic Partial Differential Equation (PDE) framework. This enhancement involves redefining existing osmosis models to incorporate tensor-based characteristics inspired by Weickert-type operators. The model leverages spatially distant pixel similarities, using a specified window size to improve image restoration. The numerical solution is obtained through the Split Bregman Iterative method (SBI). To thoroughly evaluate the model’s performance, we conduct a series of tests, including both perceptual and quantitative assessments. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in shadow removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 3","pages":"Article 108315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical input-to-state stability of switched stochastic delay nonlinear systems and its application to hysteretic mechanical systems","authors":"Tianze Xie , Hui Wang , Jian Ding , Quanxin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing literature on input-to-state stability (ISS) primarily focuses on transient responses and robustness to external disturbances, yet it often fails to capture the inherent modeling bias in systems like those exhibiting mechanical hysteresis. To address this limitation, we introduce the concept of practical ISS for switched stochastic nonlinear time-delay systems (SSNTDSs), which provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing robustness against both internal bias and external disturbances. Acknowledging potential mismatches between the controller and subsystems, we establish less conservative criteria for practical ISS using Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions (LRFs) with indefinite differential operators. Furthermore, to accommodate mode variability and relax stringent constraints on switching signals, we develop a novel condition based on the mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) technique. This condition is specifically tailored for asynchronous switching and notably maintains consistency with the synchronous case, reducing to the classical condition when the switching signal delay approaches zero. The practical relevance of our work is highlighted through the extension of an exponential stability criterion and its successful application to a mechanical system with backlash hysteresis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 3","pages":"Article 108382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaoxia Duan , Yuyan Fu , Choon Ki Ahn , Zhengrong Xiang
{"title":"L1/L− fault detection filtering for delayed 2-D continuous positive Markov jump systems","authors":"Zhaoxia Duan , Yuyan Fu , Choon Ki Ahn , Zhengrong Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to design a fault detection (FD) filter for continuous two-dimensional (2-D) Markov jump positive systems (MJPSs) with constant state delays that ensures the stochastic stability and <em>L</em><sub>1</sub>/<span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mo>−</mo></msub></math></span> performances of the filtering augmented system. The <em>L</em><sub>1</sub>-gain and <span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mo>−</mo></msub></math></span> performances of the delayed continuous 2-D MJPSs are investigated, and their exact values can be calculated. Necessary and sufficient conditions for ensuring the <em>L</em><sub>1</sub>-gain performance and <span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mo>−</mo></msub></math></span> index of the system are derived. On this basis, sufficient conditions for the existence of the mixed <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mo>−</mo></msub></mrow></math></span> FD filter are achieved and then are solved via an iterative algorithm. Finally, a numerical example validates the preceding theoretical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 3","pages":"Article 108387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive-Deception-Attack-Detection-Based secure control for switched systems","authors":"Bin Lu , Lili Li , Jinqi Liu , Xiaowei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deception attacks in switched systems can manipulate both the switching signal and system state, inducing severe asynchronous switching. While existing research predominantly employs passive mitigation strategies, this paper proposes a proactive secure control framework integrating prediction into attack detection. A model predictive control-based attack detection mechanism, augmented by a mode-state predictor, detects attacks by comparing predicted and received system modes and states. A detection-aware event-triggered mechanism and a mode-based try-once-discard protocol are implemented to reduce asynchrony between the subsystem and the controller. Additionally, an optimal subsystem switching rule, derived from the optimal states, ensures stability and security during switching. Asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is analytically verified, and its feasibility is validated through an unmanned surface vehicle case study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 3","pages":"Article 108411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust model predictive control with probabilistic bit flips under constrained bit rate","authors":"Wei Zhang , Yu Zhang , Tianhao Su , Yao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper mainly studies the model predictive control problem with probabilistic bit flips under constrained bitrate limitations. Since the bitrate required for data transmission often exceeds the maximum bitrate that the system can provide, the transmitted data needs to be quantized to meet the bitrate requirements. The quantized data is encoded into binary data streams for long-distance transmission. However, due to external interferences such as channel noise, certain bits in the binary data streams may flip between 0 and 1, causing flip errors that affect subsequent control.Therefore, this paper quantizes data into specific intervals through a uniform quantizer and establishes a mathematical model of probabilistic bit flips by incorporating the description of bit probability flips using Bernoulli distributions. By combining it with polyhedral uncertain systems, the impacts of quantization and bit flips are transformed into system uncertainties, which are then uniformly handled in model predictive control. Considering the difficulty of obtaining system states in practical scenarios, a dynamic output feedback control framework under robust model predictive control is proposed. Singular value decomposition technology is used to address the non-convexity in the system, and solvable auxiliary optimization problems are proposed. Additionally, sufficient criteria for the mean-square stability of system states are provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through two simulation cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 3","pages":"Article 108410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Wang , Leander Hemelhof , Ivan Markovsky , Panagiotis Patrinos
{"title":"Fast data-driven iterative learning control for linear system with output disturbance","authors":"Jia Wang , Leander Hemelhof , Ivan Markovsky , Panagiotis Patrinos","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies data-driven iterative learning control (ILC) for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with unknown dynamics, output disturbances and input box-constraints. Our main contributions are: 1) using a non-parametric data-driven representation of the system dynamics, for dealing with the unknown system dynamics in the context of ILC, 2) design of a fast ILC method for dealing with output disturbances, model uncertainty and input constraints. A complete design method is given in this paper, which consists of the data-driven representation, controller formulation, acceleration strategy and convergence analysis. A batch of numerical experiments and a case study on a high-precision robotic motion system are given in the end to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 3","pages":"Article 108414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dy-mer: An explainable DNA sequence representation scheme using dictionary learning","authors":"Zhiyuan Peng, Naifan Zhang, Yuanbo Tang, Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA sequences encode critical genetic information, yet their variable length and discrete nature impede direct utilization in deep learning models. Existing DNA representation schemes convert sequences into numerical vectors but fail to capture structural features of local subsequences and often suffer from limited interpretability and poor generalization on small datasets. To address these limitations, we propose <strong>Dy-mer</strong>, an interpretable and robust DNA representation scheme based on dictionary learning. Dy-mer formulates an optimization problem in tensor format, which ensures computational efficiency in batch processing. Our scheme reconstructs DNA sequences as concatenations of dynamic-length subsequences (dymers) through a convolution operation and simultaneously optimize a learnable dymer dictionary and sparse representations. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in downstream tasks such as DNA promoter classification and motif detection. Experiments further show that the learned dymers match known DNA motifs and clustering using Dy-mer yields semantically meaningful phylogenetic trees. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves both strong predictive performance and high interpretability, making it well suited for biological research applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 2","pages":"Article 108307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model-free adaptive sliding mode security control under hybrid attacks: A dual-observer approach via partial format dynamic linearization","authors":"Ning Zhang , Yugang Niu , Wenhai Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the problem of model-free adaptive sliding mode control (MFASMC) for nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs), in which both random deception attacks and intermittent denial-of-service (DoS) attacks may occur in the data transmission channel from sensor to controller. Based on the partial format dynamic linearization (PFDL) model, a dual-observer structure consisting of an adaptive observer and a sliding mode disturbance observer is constructed. The adaptive observer is proposed to estimate the unavailable system output under DoS attacks, meanwhile, the composite disturbance that includes external disturbance and unmodeled dynamics is estimated via a sliding mode disturbance observer. Under this dual-observer frame, the designed MFASMC law can be updated in real time to mitigate the impact of the attacks and the composite disturbance with unknown boundary such that the boundedness of the desired output tracking error can be ensured. Finally, the proposed MFASMC strategy is verified by two examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 2","pages":"Article 108364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient high-order iterative method to solve systems of nonlinear equations with applications to differential equations and image processing","authors":"Raziyeh Erfanifar, Masoud Hajarian","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many scientific disciplines, from basic sciences to engineering, frequently encounter the challenge of solving systems of nonlinear problems. Addressing this challenge demands the development of accurate and efficient computational methods. In this work, we propose a novel multi-step iterative method that achieves an exceptional convergence order of <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>, where <em>m</em> ≥ 3 denotes the number of iterative steps. This method significantly enhances computational efficiency without compromising accuracy, as it requires only a single evaluation and inversion of the Jacobian matrix per iteration cycle. To further optimize performance, the linear systems arising at every step are solved via LU decomposition, bypassing the computational burden of direct matrix inversion. As a result, the proposed method attains a higher convergence order than existing multi-step methods while maintaining comparable computational costs. Its efficiency makes it particularly well-suited for large-scale problems, where computational overhead is a critical concern. To validate the method’s effectiveness, we conducted comprehensive numerical experiments, assessing its efficiency, accuracy, and the geometry of its basins of attraction. The results consistently aligned with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the method’s superior performance over conventional approaches. Additionally, the method to solve standard nonlinear systems commonly arising in science and engineering is applied. Finally, we extended its application to image processing tasks, where it effectively addressed systems of nonlinear problem. The numerical outcomes underscored the method’s robustness, stability, and potential to outperform traditional iterative methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 2","pages":"Article 108332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiliang Zhang , Ze Wang , Jianfang Jiao , Yongyuan Yu
{"title":"Finite-time set stabilization of probabilistic boolean control networks: A robust optimal control approach","authors":"Qiliang Zhang , Ze Wang , Jianfang Jiao , Yongyuan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a robust optimal control method to study the finite-time set stabilization (FTSS) of probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs). First, an efficient algorithm is proposed to determine the solvability of the FTSS of PBCNs by constructing index vectors. Then, a pre-step cost function is introduced, which is based on the largest control invariant subset of PBCNs. By applying the dynamic programming theory, an algorithm is presented to calculate the optimal feedback gain matrix and the optimal value for each state. Compared with existing results, the proposed robust optimal control method transforms the FTSS of PBCNs into an optimization problem and significantly reduces the time complexity from <em>O</em>(<em>γN</em><sup>3</sup><em>M</em>) to <em>O</em>(<em>γN</em><sup>2</sup><em>M</em>). Finally, an illustrative example involving a biological system validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating significant improvements in computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"363 2","pages":"Article 108325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}