{"title":"Adaptive moving horizon state estimation for linear time-varying systems with unknown model parameters and noise statistics","authors":"Wenying Yang, Xiaoli Luan, Fei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel state estimator with adaptive moving horizon for linear time-varying systems with unknown noise statistics and model parameters is proposed to reduce computational burden and enhance estimation performance. First, the Q-learning algorithm is used to derive a policy for obtaining state estimates, addressing the issue of unknown model parameters. Next, to improve estimation accuracy, an influence function is introduced to quantitatively analyze the impact of past sample data on current estimate. The window length of moving horizon is adaptively adjusted according to the computed impact weights. Then, the estimation policy is evaluated based on the adaptive window length to update the state estimation values. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to estimate the states of a two-state polynomial system and the water levels of a quadruple water tank system, demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoying Miao , Ruichen Ji , Qian Ma , Gongfei Song
{"title":"Intermittent event-triggered circle formation control for multi-agent systems based on reinforcement learning","authors":"Guoying Miao , Ruichen Ji , Qian Ma , Gongfei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates circle formation control for the first-order multi-agent systems with privacy protection using a reinforcement-learning intermittent event-triggered method. Firstly, when the communication network suffers risks of information disclosure and denial-of-service (DoS) attack, an adaptive state observer is proposed to estimate the state of the multi-agent system. Moreover, based on the state estimation, a novel hybrid circle formation algorithm including the optimal controller is proposed as well as it can minimize the cost function. In light of stochastic analysis and Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for circle formation are derived. Furthermore, owing to the eavesdropping threat between the observer and the controller, an improved Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm is employed to ensure data privacy, which requires less computation compared to some existing methods. Finally, simulation examples prove the accuracy of the theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyang Luo , Yilian Zhang , Huaicheng Yan , Fuwen Yang
{"title":"Ellipsoid-density-based set-membership global estimation for complex networked systems with absolute and relative measurements","authors":"Mingyang Luo , Yilian Zhang , Huaicheng Yan , Fuwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the global state estimation problem under the influence of unknown-but-bounded process and measurement noises in complex networks. To improve state estimation accuracy and reliability, this paper first designs a distributed set-membership estimation scheme based on absolute and relative measurements. This scheme aims to obtain local state estimation ellipsoidal sets for the considered network nodes subject to unknown-but-bounded noises, which utilizes the relative measurement information among sensor nodes to enhance the accuracy of these local estimations. In addition, considering the accuracy requirements, an ellipsoid-density-based fusion method is proposed to fuse all the local estimation ellipsoids into a global state estimation ellipsoid, thereby improving the accuracy and confidence of the global state estimation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples, demonstrating its superiority for the global state estimation problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hierarchical structure for opinion convergence in multi-agent networks","authors":"Luigi D’Alfonso, Giuseppe Fedele","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study extends Taylor’s model of opinion dynamics by introducing a hierarchical framework that refines the characterization of opinion convergence and containment in multi-agent systems. The proposed model structures agents into multiple hierarchical levels, where the convergence region of each level is influenced by the opinions of agents in the upper level. This organization provides a more detailed understanding of how opinions evolve in networks influenced by stubborn agents. Furthermore, the model is extended to incorporate time-varying stubborn opinions, enabling the analysis of dynamic external influences and their impact on opinion formation. This enhancement makes the framework more applicable to real-world scenarios, where leadership positions or external biases evolve over time. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noman Liaqat , Qaisar Abbas Naqvi , Qurratulain Minhas , Muhammad Rehan , Ijaz Ahmed , Muhammad Khalid
{"title":"A novel energy-based control approach for leader-follower bipartite consensus of heterogeneous multi-agents over antagonistic network interactions","authors":"Noman Liaqat , Qaisar Abbas Naqvi , Qurratulain Minhas , Muhammad Rehan , Ijaz Ahmed , Muhammad Khalid","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the problem of robust bipartite consensus of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems (MASs) under external disturbances and antagonistic interactions. The theoretical findings of the bipartite consensus are conducted for both the undirected and directed signed graphs to deal with the cooperative-competitive behavior with neighbor agents. To guarantee the stability and bipartite consensus of heterogeneous dynamics MASs, a dynamic state feedback distributed controller mechanism is established with the aid of Lyapunov criteria, <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></math></span> robust control criteria, and an output regulation approach. A novel <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></math></span> energy-based robustness criterion for the bipartition of heterogeneous MASs to minimize the disturbance effect at output errors has been introduced. This criterion has been imposed on MASs via an objective inequality along with Lyapunov analysis, <span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> gain investigation, network characteristics, and norm properties for ensuring the desired robustness objectives. The adequate conditions that ensure the bipartite consensus of heterogeneous MASs are determined as linear matrix inequalities for a simple design investigation. Two numerical examples are demonstrated to check the efficiency of the resultant control schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linear convergence of zeroth-order algorithm for distributed weakly convex optimization with sharpness property","authors":"Renyi Wang, Songsong Cheng, Yuan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper establishes a linear convergence rate for a distributed zeroth-order algorithm in weakly convex optimization over a time-varying graph. We utilize a more general gradient/subgradient estimation scheme with orthogonal directions to estimate gradient/subgradient information in the proposed algorithm, which is more effective than the conventional methods based on stochastic vectors. Furthermore, by utilizing the geometrically diminishing step size and the difference factor, we demonstrate that the proposed zeroth-order algorithm linearly converges to the optimal solution. Finally, we provide a numerical example to verify the correctness of our theoretical findings and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite-horizon quantized security output feedback control for time-varying cyber-physical systems: Based on encryption strategy","authors":"Ming-Quan Li, Xiao-Heng Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the secure state estimation and control problem for networked Cyber-physical systems with encryption, within a finite horizon framework. Considering the challenges posed by eavesdroppers in a real network environment, a novel encryption strategy is introduced, utilizing artificial disturbance vector to block potential eavesdropping attacks. To mitigate the risk of reverse engineering the noise due to its fixed probability, a new probability generation strategy based on Linear Congruential Generators is proposed, which dynamically adjusts the noise probability at each time step. Additionally, to tackle the increased communication load introduced by encryption, a quantization-based encoding strategy is employed to optimize data transmission, reducing the overall communication burden. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively achieves the desired security level and performance, while optimizing communication load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design on dynamic event and self-triggered control for systems with Markov jumps and denial-of-service attacks","authors":"Siqin Liao , Yuanqing Wu , Zheng-Guang Wu , Peng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.108006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the dynamic event-triggered control and self-triggered control problems for discrete-time Markov jump systems subjected to aperiodic denial-of-service attacks. A hidden Markov model is employed to design an asynchronous controller that mitigates the discrepancies between the system modes and the controller modes. An iterative approach is developed to derive sufficient conditions that guarantee the stochastic stability of discrete-time Markov jump systems within the context of aperiodic denial-of-service attacks, utilizing a dynamic event-triggered mechanism. The gain matrices of the asynchronous controller and the dynamic event-triggered control mechanism are determined by solving a series of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, based on the dynamic event-triggered control strategy, a self-triggered mechanism is developed to predict the next sampling time using current system information, thereby eliminating the need for continuous real-time evaluation of triggering conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 108006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Auxiliary model gradient-based iterative identification with moving data window for Wiener nonlinear output-error systems","authors":"Chenchen Tian, Zhaocun Dong, Yan Ji, Xue Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concentrated on the identification issue regarding the Wiener nonlinear output-error (OE) system. The system is broken down into multiple subsystems having a smaller number of variables by employing the key term separation. Employing the idea of auxiliary model identification resolves the non-measurable variables in the information vector. With the employment of the auxiliary model identification idea along with the negative gradient search method, an auxiliary model gradient-based iterative algorithm is attained. The accuracy of parameter identification is improved by the addition of the moving data window, which updates the dynamic data by deleting the past data as well as appending the most recent measurement data. The moving data window auxiliary model gradient-based iterative algorithm is presented. Finally, a numerical example is used to examine and compare the performance of the proposed algorithms, and an application example of the continuous stirred tank reactor is used for validating the practicability of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 107992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An adaptive robust gradient-based recurrent neural network for solving time-varying linear matrix equation and its application","authors":"Chenfu Yi, Jingjing Chen, Ling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfranklin.2025.107991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The time-varying (TV) problems frequently happen in various practical engineering fields. As for their solution, most neural network models are based on the classical gradient-based neural network (CGNN) with an evident lagging error, which is tailored for time-independent problems. Considering the wide range of applications of gradient-based algorithm in many fields, in this article, we propose an improvement to the CGNN model based on the Lyapunov control theory, resulting in an adaptive robust gradient-based recurrent neural network (ARG-RNN), which is demonstrated that it is an effective neural solver for the TV problems in theory and also substantiated by following the simulated real-valued and complex-valued linear matrix equations solving experiments and an angle of arrival (AoA) location application. Additionally, most neural network models are developed for noise-free environments, while noise is often unavoidable in practical applications. Therefore, the presented ARG-RNN is also verified to be capable of obtaining an exact solution even in the face of external constant noise, linear TV noise, or bounded random noise by the noise-tolerant experiments and comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics","volume":"362 15","pages":"Article 107991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}