Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Spatial and taxonomic coverage of international migratory bird agreements","authors":"Marina Corella Tor,&nbsp;Tatsuya Amano,&nbsp;Richard A Fuller","doi":"10.1002/fee.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Successful conservation of migratory birds relies on coordinated management across international borders. Here, we determined the geographic and taxonomic coverage of international agreements aimed at protecting migratory birds. We identified 49 international migratory bird agreements spanning 187 countries and covering 1,677 (86%) of the world’s 1,958 migratory bird species. Fewer such agreements were located in middle-income countries characterized by less effective governance, small size, and few bordering countries. Threatened species were listed in fewer agreements than non-threatened species. Waterbird species tended to be listed individually by species name, while non-waterbird species tended to be covered implicitly through the listing of higher taxonomic ranks such as Families or Orders. Of the migratory bird species, only 28% had all their range countries participating in at least one agreement, while 14% had none. With large geographic gaps remaining, much work needs to be done to expand the global network of migratory bird agreements.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resist!: Sustaining forest carbon sequestration and wood production after insect disturbance","authors":"Christopher M Gough,&nbsp;Ben Bond-Lamberty,&nbsp;Robert T Fahey,&nbsp;Catherine McGuigan,&nbsp;Brandon C Alveshere,&nbsp;Cameron Clay,&nbsp;Erin-Darby McClain,&nbsp;Charles E Flower,&nbsp;Kayla C Mathes,&nbsp;Ariel Johnson,&nbsp;Lisa T Haber,&nbsp;Kalyn Dorheim,&nbsp;Derek M Johnson,&nbsp;Lucas E Nave,&nbsp;Kerstin Niedermaier","doi":"10.1002/fee.2861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disturbances from insect pests threaten ecologically and economically important goods and services supplied by forests, including wood production and carbon sequestration. We highlight the factors that influence these services’ <i>resistance</i>, a term quantifying the initial response to disturbance. Insects inflict damage through a range of mechanisms, prompting distinct plant physiological responses that scale to influence ecosystem processes and, with time, goods and services. The degree and timing of tree mortality and defoliation affect the amount of residual vegetation available to support compensatory wood production and influence carbon sequestration by changing rates of detritus-fueled decomposition. Compounding, or sequential, insect attacks may prime a forest for additional disturbance, further eroding wood production and carbon sequestration. Forest management practices that promote biological and structural diversity, and augment or retain limiting biological and nutrient resources, may buffer against the effects of insect pests on wood production and carbon sequestration.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing public lands requires a new kind of leader","authors":"Matthew D Hurteau,&nbsp;Scott L Stephens","doi":"10.1002/fee.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Our ecosystems are facing unprecedented rates of change from climate and climate-driven disturbances and, at least for public lands in the western US, the administrative systems we have created to manage them cannot keep pace with the changes. The Garnet Fire began on August 24, 2025, in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. On August 31 it entered the Teakettle Experimental Forest and burned through much of the forest over the next 24 hours. Nearly 30 years of experimental work has been conducted at Teakettle, including most recently a planned 3,200-acre (~1,295-hectare) prescribed burn to try to understand how reintroducing fire into this ecosystem, which had been impacted by insect pests, heat, and drought, would alter ecosystem carbon dynamics. Unfortunately, that prescribed burn did not occur prior to the Garnet Fire because we have created land management institutions that are risk averse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Risk is generically defined as the product of the probability an event occurs and the consequence of its impact. As a species, we appear to be poorly equipped for detecting changes in the probability of various events occurring as a function of changing climatic conditions. This holds for how many land management agencies respond to changing conditions. Increasingly, tools such as the resist–accept–direct framework are being considered in a land management context. However, there are many administrative impediments to accepting and directing change and, especially at system boundaries, resistance is untenable. We believe that a contributing factor is that leaders within land management agencies are discouraged from strategic risk taking. One example is that of fire management where intentionally lighting a prescribed fire has substantial downside potential because of the impacts when the inevitable escape occurs. Whereas, waiting for a wildfire to start and then responding with full suppression carries no risk in terms of liability or negative perception because the land manager is not considered responsible for the consequences of the fire, even for the approximately 2% of ignitions that burn most of the land area in the western US. How then do we shift our relationship with risk such that strategic proactive management that has downside potential is rewarded?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the case of wildfire, we believe part of the answer lies in tying the consequences of unintentional wildfire outcomes to prior management decision making. For example, when the consequences of a wildfire include loss of buildings or major watershed-scale impacts, we need to ask two questions—&lt;i&gt;what a priori management could have altered the severity of the consequences&lt;/i&gt;, followed by &lt;i&gt;why was that management not implemented in the past decade?&lt;/i&gt; If the answer to the first question is that a management activity could have moderated the effects of the wildfire and the answer to the second question is anything other than “insufficient funding”, we need to require that mana","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing inference from distributed experimental networks via “add-on” studies","authors":"Elizabeth T Borer,&nbsp;Eric W Seabloom","doi":"10.1002/fee.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Distributed experimental networks have emerged as a powerful approach in field ecology, enabling experimental replication across global gradients. These networks use standardized treatments at dispersed sites to identify factors like climate or soil that shape biotic responses. Reserving space for future “add-on” work fosters discovery by transforming distributed networks into distributed experimental infrastructure. However, challenges include balancing feasibility, plot impacts, and demands on site scientists. Using the Disturbance and Recovery Across Grasslands Network (DRAGNet) as a case study informed by lessons learned in the Nutrient Network (NutNet), we outline effective practices for designing add-on work to retain the original experiment’s integrity while effectively using the resources of the network participants. By following guidelines for hypothesis-driven, inclusive research that engages contributors intellectually, minimizes plot impacts using field-tested protocols, and maximizes scientific impact and inclusion, distributed networks can become valuable infrastructure for advancing ecological understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a shared vision for climate-informed resource stewardship","authors":"Brian W Miller,&nbsp;Gregor W Schuurman,&nbsp;Wylie Carr,&nbsp;David J Lawrence,&nbsp;Lindsey L Thurman,&nbsp;Aparna Bamzai-Dodson,&nbsp;Leslie A Brandt,&nbsp;Shelley D Crausbay,&nbsp;Molly S Cross,&nbsp;Mitchell J Eaton,&nbsp;Maria K Janowiak,&nbsp;D Todd Jones-Farrand,&nbsp;Julian Reyes","doi":"10.1002/fee.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate-change adaptation planning processes and tools are increasing in number and evolving rapidly. During times of innovation and proliferation, a potential danger is incoherence, when well-intended contributions can overwhelm, create confusion, or mask complementarities. A shared vision is needed to avoid duplication, reduce misunderstandings, and facilitate work across jurisdictions to steward resources undergoing profound changes. Such a vision would document fundamental tools and approaches while allowing flexibility to match highly varied management contexts and organizational missions. Fortunately, the preconditions for coherence exist. Here, we illustrate how climate-change adaptation tools—including scenario planning, conceptual frameworks, structured decision making, and impact-evaluation methods—can be (and are) used in tandem to support adaptation planning that accounts for uncertainty, considers a broad range of strategies and actions, makes transparent and robust choices, evaluates outcomes, and is flexible and responsive to the decision context.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global importance of Amazonian freshwaters","authors":"Clinton N Jenkins,&nbsp;Simone Athayde,&nbsp;Claire F Beveridge,&nbsp;Sandra B Correa,&nbsp;Jhan-Carlo Espinoza,&nbsp;Sebastian A Heilpern,&nbsp;Guido A Herrera-R,&nbsp;LuLu Victoria-Lacy,&nbsp;Paulo Olivas,&nbsp;Antonio Oliveira,&nbsp;Natalia C Piland,&nbsp;Renata Utsunomiya,&nbsp;Elizabeth P Anderson","doi":"10.1002/fee.2868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amazonian freshwaters have large influences on regional and global climate, harbor remarkable and unique species, and are vital to human society. Nevertheless, as compared to their terrestrial counterparts in the Amazon, these freshwaters have received less attention from the international conservation community. There is an urgent need to better integrate Amazonian freshwaters into conservation strategies. To guide this integration, we suggest an approach built upon three foundational pillars: hydroclimate, biodiversity, and human dimensions. The hydroclimate pillar reflects the Amazon’s role in regional and global climate, water cycling, and carbon storage. The biodiversity pillar reflects the unparalleled variety of freshwater species and their role in ecosystems, emphasizing endemism and ecological function. The human dimensions pillar reflects the rich biocultural heritage of the Amazonian peoples and their reliance on freshwaters for millennia. Heightened attention to these three pillars can help steer the way to a more sustainable future for Amazonian freshwaters.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing and measuring ecological spillover effects from protected areas","authors":"Graeme S Cumming","doi":"10.1002/fee.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Protected areas influence their surroundings in a variety of ways. These “spillover effects” can change an area’s conservation value and affect its social license. Advanced statistical tools for quantifying protected area spillovers are well established, but underlying assumptions about spillover geography and measurement often lack clarity. Although spillover effects should decline with increasing distance from a protected area, there are no published guidelines for determining the rate, magnitude, or scale of decline and there is no conceptual framework to guide tests of alternative hypotheses. Current practices heavily increase the risk of Type II errors (detecting spillover where none exists), particularly at distances far from protected areas. I propose an approach that recognizes alternative forms for ecological and biophysical spillovers and background variance as competing hypotheses. In particular, careful consideration must be given to the question of how many measurements are needed to rigorously distinguish spillovers from background variance in study environments</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving our understanding of blue carbon with a net ecosystem carbon budget framework","authors":"Shaobo Sun,&nbsp;Xiaolei Yang,&nbsp;Hu Ding,&nbsp;Qiang He,&nbsp;Yafei Wang,&nbsp;Changxun Yu,&nbsp;Wei Zhi,&nbsp;Zhaoliang Song","doi":"10.1002/fee.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) are well-recognized for their considerable potential in climate mitigation. However, current understanding of carbon (C) gains and losses of BCEs is rarely based on a net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) framework, which incorporates all C budget components. We propose a comprehensive NECB framework for BCEs that includes C inputs from riverine flows, exchanges between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere, burial in sediments, and exchanges between BCEs and the continental shelf. Focusing on the Yellow River estuary in China as a case study, we applied the proposed NECB framework to quantify the C budget of this BCE. We show that C balance assessments of BCEs that rely solely on limited measurements of C accumulation rates or C flux are characterized by large degrees of uncertainty. The proposed NECB framework could improve our understanding of the role of BCEs in climate mitigation. We emphasize the need for revisiting the C balance of BCEs using an NECB framework, which integrates multi-disciplinary approaches</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative governance of cumulative effects through an Indigenous outlook","authors":"Lawrence Ignace","doi":"10.1002/fee.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the social–ecological challenges facing society grow in complexity and variability, transformative measures—those that seek to re-imagine conventional systems of sustainability and resource management—are increasingly needed. One system that has successfully demonstrated a degree of sustainability is that of Indigenous Knowledge (IK)—a long-standing societal system that places Indigenous Peoples’ relationship with the environment above all else. As a body of knowing, IK is inextricably linked to Indigenous existence and identity as the means of maintaining the well-being of the living and non-living. Rarely investigated is the braiding of CEAM (cumulative effects assessment and management) with IK systems. Conventional resource management has long struggled to harness cumulative effects assessments and could be improved through the re-positioning of cumulative effects assessments and IK. The strengths of these systems together offer insight into how current conventional governance can be transformed to ensure a more equitable and sustainable future for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Peoples alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reclaiming strict protection via the European Green Deal","authors":"Edoardo Chiti,&nbsp;Gianluca Piovesan","doi":"10.1002/fee.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.70011","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Strict protection is a fundamental component of any strategy for biodiversity protection and ecosystem restoration. Most Western countries, however, currently fail to acknowledge its relevance in their conservation programs. The European Green Deal (EGD)—the climate neutrality strategy launched by the European Union (EU) in 2019—is a marked exception. By identifying strict protection as one of the key solutions to ensure ecosystem health, the EGD reasserts the importance of strict protection both at the regional and global level. However, its approach is far from perfect. To harness the full potential of strict protection, the EU must clarify the existing regulatory framework and strengthen its commitment to ecological sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strict protection is a specific type of ecosystem management, one characterized by control and limitation of human visitation, use, and impacts in particular areas, with a view to ensure protection of their high biodiversity value and geological and geomorphological features (Dudley &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strict protection falls under land-sparing approaches, which can be integrated with diverse land-sharing management solutions to form a cohesive conservation strategy. But it is particularly relevant to ecosystems that require, by reason of their distinguishing features, a high degree of ecological protection and a restrictive management approach—as is the case with primary and old-growth forests and other wilderness areas, such as wetlands, peatlands, and grasslands. Strict reserves are recognized as the most effective solution in area-based conservation, offering better protection for natural spaces against human pressures (eg Jones &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). While some local economic activities might face initial adjustments, the success of strict protection hinges on effective enforcement and community engagement, fostered through clear communication and financial mechanisms like payments for ecosystem services (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite its potential, however, strict protection does not enjoy great consideration in the Western world, particularly in relation to primary and old-growth forests, which continue to decline at alarming rates both in Europe and globally (Mikolāš &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Despite the implementation of important international initiatives, such as the inclusion of forests in natural and mixed UNESCO World Heritage sites, we are witnessing a daily erosion of the unique biodiversity heritage contained in the planet’s ecosystems, including but not limited to those in the tropical biome. The situation is particularly negative in the US, where the US Forest Service announced in January 2025 that it would no longer “prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) for the Land Management Plan Direction for Old-Growth Forest Conditions Across the National Forest System”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this global context, the EU is a remarkable exception. As open","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}